INTERACTIVE MODULE FOR

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
CRITICAL POINTS

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 WELCOME!
This interactive module was made to give you additional information
regarding sa Critical Points. You will learn what a critical point is, how to
determine them, how to solve for them at iba pang application na
involved ang critical points. Feel free to click anywhere on the screen
(you might find something suprising).
This module works best if you’re using Microsoft PowerPoint 2019. Also,
this work is still in Beta Phase. If you see any issues or you want me to
add/remove something, feel free to comment sa FEEDBACK FORM na
makikita sa end ng slide.
Please avoid pressing any buttons on your keyboard (if you’re using
laptop or PC) so that the presentation won’t be ruined. Hanggang mouse
click lang muna tayo. To continue, please click this button >>
 CRITICAL POINTS
- Critical points are points on the curve na kung saan ang SLOPE IS
ZERO. Click on the image to know more.

NEXT
 DERIVATIVES & CRITICAL POINTS
Differential calculus is very helpful in determining critical points. Unang-
una, ZERO ang slope ng critical point. Derivatives tell the slope. See the
connection?

Importante din ang concept ng critical points para sa next topic natin:
Optimization Problems
Click on the HERE para makita ang computation

Click on the HERE para makapag-practice mag-solve.

BACK
 Let me be clear: Ang MAXIMUM is the
This is also a critical point. As
HIGHEST CRITICAL POINT. It does not
you can see, eto rin ang critical
necessarily mean na siya na rin yung
point na may pinakamataas na
pinamakamataas na point ng curve. As you can
location sa curve. We call this
see here, mas mataas pa ang point na ito
the MAXIMUM
kumpara sa MAXIMUM.

This is a critical point. As you

can see, horizontal ang slope This is NOT a critical point.
which means ZERO siya. Tandaan: HORIZONTAL
ANG SLOPES ng critical Yep, hindi rin to
points. CRITICAL POINT.
Bakit? Kasi hindi
horizontal ang
slope. Basic lang
‘di ba?

This is also a critical point.

Let me be clear: Ang MINIMUM
Pwedengis the LOWESTng
magkaroon This is also a critical point.
CRITICAL POINT. It doesmaraming
not necessarily
criticalmean
points sa As you can see, eto rin ang
na siya na rin yung pinamababa na point
isang curve. As ng curve.
long as critical point na may
As you can see here, mashorizontal
mababa pa (orang
zero)point
ang slope, pinakamababa na location
na ito kumpara sa MINIMUM.
CRITICAL POINT na ‘yan sa curve. We call this the
MINIMUM NEXT BACK
Let’s determine the critical point of this equation
𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 4 𝑥 −3

Step 1: Compute the derivative

𝑦 ′ =2 𝑥 +4
Step 2: Since ang zero slopes ng mga critical points, gagawin na zero
ang y’
0=2 𝑥+ 4
Step 3: The Calculus part ends here. In this step, ide-determine ang value
ng x.
Transpose: −20𝑥=4 ¿ 2𝑥 +4
4
Divide: 𝑥=−
2
Simplify: 𝑥=−2 NEXT BACK
Step Critical
4: points are coordinates, so kailangan mo rin malaman ang y
component. Para malaman ang y component, we will substitute the value
of x (yung nacompute kanina) to the ORIGINAL EQUATION

𝑥=−2 Nacompute na value ng x.

𝑦 =𝑥2 + 4 𝑥 −3 Original equation

2 After substituting 2 to x
𝑦 =(− 2) + 4 ( −2 ) − 3
𝑦 =−7 Value ng y

CRITICAL POINT: (-2,-7)

Pero papaano malalaman kung ang critical point is a maximum or a

minimum?
BACK
 SECOND DERIVATIVE TEST
One way of knowing is by doing the SECOND DERIVATIVE TEST. As the
name implies, kukunin natin ang second derivative (derivative ng
derivative) ng given function then we substitute the critical points
computed.
𝑦 =𝑥2 + 4 𝑥 −3 Original equation

𝑦 ′ =2 𝑥 +4
𝑦 ′ ′ =2

Having a positive number for an answer (after substituting) means that

the critical point is a MINIMUM. Kapag negative naman ang nakuhang
value, MAXIMUM ANG CRITICAL POINT) BACK
Para mas madaling matandaan ang ibig sabihin ng result ng SECOND
DERIVATIVE TEST gamitin ang NAKANGITI/NAKASIMANGOT METHOD.
Click on the images to know more

Kapag negative ang result ng second derivative Kapag positive ang result ng second derivative
test, “nakasimangot” ang curve. Kapag negative test, “nakangiti” ang curve. Kapag positive ang
ang emotions mo (malungkot) , nakasimangot emotions mo (masaya), nakangiti ka rin naman
ka rin naman di ba? di ba?

MAXIMUM MINIMUM

HOME BACK
Alin sa kanila ang critical point? Answer by clicking on the oval of your
choice
 You might want to consider the slopes

Not Correct
 You might want to consider the slopes

Not Correct
 You might want to consider the slopes

Not Correct
 You might want to consider the slopes

Not Correct
 You might want to consider the slopes

Not Correct
 The critical point is ALWAYS the one
with the HORIZONTAL slope. ALWAYS.

Correct!
Alin sa kanila ang minimum? Answer by clicking on the oval of your choice.
 DALI LANG
‘DI BA? CONGRATS!
BASIC

TSAMBA..

COOL!

EASY

AWESOME! NICE
NICE

The minimum is the LOWEST CRITICAL

POINT. Hindi ibig sabihin na kapag
minimum ang point, siya na ang lowest
Correct! point ng curve. There could be a lower
point (tulad ng dalawang points sa left and
right side ng curve).
 MAHIRAP
BA? EW…
COMPLICATED!
MAKE
SENSE…

NOT COOL

SO HARD!

YUCK… TSK..
BOO!

INCorrect!
 but this one has the HORIZONTAL slope

They may be the lowest point of the curve

The minimum is the LOWEST CRITICAL POINT. Hindi ibig sabihin na

kapag minimum ang point, siya na ang lowest point ng curve. There could
be a lower point (tulad ng dalawang points sa left and right side ng curve).
 MAHIRAP
BA? EW…
COMPLICATED!
MAKE
SENSE…

NOT COOL

SO HARD!

YUCK… TSK..
BOO!

INCorrect!
 This is the highest point
so…

If you click the

NO button,
you’ll get bonus
rewards!

Is the point a maximum or a minimum?

YES NO
 Sayang yung bonus!

Correct!
 I LIED!
BWAHAHAHAHA!

INCorrect!
 I’m not a critical
point
Critical point ang
hinahanap tropa This is the MAXIMUM.

This may be the highest point in

this curve but…

Tandaan, ang MAXIMUM ay isang critical point. Same logic goes for the
MINIMUM
 I LIED!
BWAHAHAHAHA!

INCorrect!
Which of the following is the critical point of this equation? Choose the
CLOSEST answer.

3 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 −14 𝑥 +6

(0,6.5) ( 27
4
,− 324.53 )
( 28
3
, 400.52) ( 28
3
,−
10814
27 )
(9.23,−400.52) (0.21,6)
Which of the following is the critical point of this equation? Choose the
CLOSEST answer.

3 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 −14 𝑥 +6

(0,6.5) ( 27
4
,− 324.53 )
Correct!
( 28
3
, 400.52) ( 28
3
,−
10814
27 )
(9.23,−400.52) (0.21,6)
 Which of the following is the critical point of this equation? Choose the
Baka nadulingCLOSEST
ka lang sa answer.
calculation mo. Click on
that yellow trapezoid to
your right para makita
3 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 −14 𝑥 +6
ang solution.

(0,6.5) ( 27
4
,− 324.53 )
inCorrect! ( 28
3
, 400.52) ( 28
3
,−
10814
27 )
(9.23,−400.52) (0.21,6)
Tulad ng sinabi kanina, the first step is to TAKE THE DERIVATIVE.
Remember that critical points have zero SLOPES and derivatives are
slopes themselves (technically speaking).
Let’s write the equation first.
3 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 −14 𝑥 +6
Then let’s take the first derivative
2
𝑦 ′ =3 𝑥 − 28 𝑥

Substitutite ZERO to y’ (kasi nga zero ang slope)

2
0=3 𝑥 − 28 𝑥
And the rest is algebra.
BACK
 2
0=3 𝑥 − 28 𝑥 Kunin ang roots
0=𝑥 (3 𝑥 −28) (solve for x)

3 𝑥 −28=0
3 𝑥=28
𝑥=0 28
𝑥=
3

( ) ( )
3 2
28 28
3 2
𝑦 = ( 0 ) − 14 ( 0 ) +6 𝑦= − 14 +6
3 3

( )
X
Critical Points: 28 𝑦 1081410814
𝑦 =6 (0,6) and 3
, − =− 27
27 V
 Which of the following is the critical point of this equation? Choose the
Baka nadulingCLOSEST
ka lang sa answer.
calculation mo. Click on
that yellow trapezoid to
your right para makita
3 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 −14 𝑥 +6
ang solution.

(0,6.5) ( 27
4
,− 324.53 )
inCorrect! ( 28
3
, 400.52) ( 28
3
,−
10814
27 )
(9.23,−400.52) (0.21,6)
A ball was thrown from the ground such a way that it’s height can be expressed as

2
𝑦 =− 4 𝑡 +16 𝑡 meters
where y is the height and t is time (in seconds) . The question is, at what time will
the ball reach it’s highest point?

3 seconds 3.5seconds
2seconds 2.5seconds
Kulang yung given sir
A ball was thrown from the ground such a way that it’s height can be expressed as

2
𝑦 =− 4 𝑡 +16 𝑡 meters Keep it up tropa!

where y is the height and t is time (in seconds) . The question is, at what time will
the ball reach it’s highest point?

3 seconds 3.5seconds
2seconds 2.5seconds
Correct!
Kulang yung given sir
A ball was thrown from the ground such a way that it’s height can be expressed as

2
𝑦 =− 4 𝑡 +16 𝑡 meters Physics
Ituturo din ‘to sa
tropa so take
where y is the height and t is time (in seconds) . The question is, atnotes
whatna.
time will
the ball reach it’s highest point?

3 seconds 3.5seconds
2seconds 2.5seconds
inCorrect! Kulang yung given sir
 THE MAXIMUM

HEIGHT

TIME

Classic physics question. Since given ang equation, pwede siyang ma-
irepresent as a drawing (curve). Makikita dito sa curve ang height ng bola
per time. The highest point is at the top of the curve of which is, yep, the
MAXIMUM. This means na gagamit ka ng derivative.
Since the ball’s height is a critical point, mas madali na siyang ma-solve
gamit ang derivatives.
Tulad ng sinabi kanina, the first step is to TAKE THE DERIVATIVE.
Remember that critical points have zero SLOPES and derivatives are
slopes themselves (technically speaking).
2
𝑦 =− 4 𝑡 +16 𝑡
𝑦 ′ =−8 𝑡 +16
0=− 8 𝑡 +16
8 𝑡=16
16
𝑡 = =2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
8
A ball was thrown from the ground such a way that it’s height can be expressed as

2
𝑦 =− 4 𝑡 +16 𝑡 meters Physics
Ituturo din ‘to sa
tropa so take
where y is the height and t is time (in seconds) . The question is, atnotes
whatna.
time will
the ball reach it’s highest point?

3 seconds 3.5seconds
2seconds 2.5seconds
inCorrect! Kulang yung given sir
Sam is a crypto miner. He uses a really high end PC to mine coins. Unfortunately, his
PC consumes a lot of power. He gathered data and, with theNakakalito
help of ba?
hisTry
mathematician
friend, was able to come with this equation. clicking around baka may
magbigay ng clue.

3 2
𝑃=𝑐 −5 𝑐 +6 𝑐+ 4
Where P is the power consumed (in kwH) while is the crypto coin mined.

Hanggang ilan coins lang ang pwedeng minahin ni Sam para ma-minimize niya
ang power consumption? Para simple lang, let’s assume na stable ang presyo ng
coin.
0.5 coins
Para sa mga nalilito: Try putting 1ccoin
different values of sa equation. May makukuhaX
kayong iba’t ibang values ng P. Alin sa mga values ng c ang magbibigay ng
PINAKAMABABANG value ni P?
1.5 coins 2.5 coins
Sam is a crypto miner. He uses a really high end PC to mine coins. Unfortunately, his
PC consumes a lot of power. He gathered data and, with the help of his mathematician
friend, was able to come with this equation. Naks! Galing a!

3 2
𝑃=𝑐 −5 𝑐 +6 𝑐+ 4
Where P is the power consumed (in kwH) while is the crypto coin mined.
Naks! Galing a!

Hanggang ilan coins lang ang pwedeng minahin ni Sam para ma-minimize niya
ang power consumption? Para simple lang, let’s assume na stable ang presyo ng
coin.
0.5 coins 1 coin
Correct!
1.5 coins 2.5 coins
Sam is a crypto miner. He uses a really high end PC to mine coins. Unfortunately, his
PC consumes a lot of power. He gathered data and, with the help of his mathematician
You need to improve
friend, was able to come with this equation. your comprehension.

3 2
𝑃=𝑐 −5 𝑐 +6 𝑐+ 4
Where P is the power consumed (in yellow
Click on that kwH) while is the crypto coin mined.
button to show your
solution.
Hanggang ilan coins lang ang pwedeng minahin ni Sam para ma-minimize niya
ang power consumption? Para simple lang, let’s assume na stable ang presyo ng
coin.
0.5 coins 1 coin
inCorrect!
1.5 coins 2.5 coins

To be fair, designing is NOT a
one man team. Pwedeng isang
member ang bahala sa pag-
develop ng equations while the
rest handles the optimization.
POWER
That problem can be solved by substitution.
However, it could take a while to figure out
the LOWEST or HIGHEST possible value.
Don’t get me wrong, kung gusto mong
ganun, ok lang. I’m just saying that it can be
solved FASTER and MORE EFFICIENTLY.
This sample also shows that you can
OPTIMIZE your solutions…basta alam mo

ang equation.

The LOWEST Power consumption is located here

that is also a CRITICAL POINT (a minimum pa nga)

COIN
Since critical point ang hinahanap, the process remains the same…
3 2
𝑃=𝑐 −5 𝑐 +6 𝑐+ 4
′ 2
𝑃 =3 𝑐 − 10 𝑐+6
0=3 𝑐 2 − 10 𝑐+6
we will solve c using the quadratic formula
−𝑏 ± √ 𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐
2
𝑐=
2𝑎
− ( −10 ) + √ ( −10 ) − 4( 3)( 6) − ( −10 ) − √ ( −10 ) − 4 (3)(6)
2 2

𝑐= 𝑐=
2(3) 2(3)

𝑐=2 .549 𝑐=0.785

We got two answers though. Alin sa dalawa ang tamang sagot? Anong
gagawin?
Simple lang: Direct Substitution. Isa-substitute lang yung nakuhang value
ng c sa ORIGINAL EQUATION. Like this

@𝑐 =2.549
𝑃 =2.549 − 5 ( 2.549 ) +6 ( 2.549 )+ 4
3 2

𝑃=3.368
@𝑐 =0.785
𝑃 = 0.7853 − 5 ( 0.785 2 ) +6 ( 0.785 )+ 4
𝑃=6.113
And we got the answer! He will get the lowest power consumption if he
mines 2.549 coins!
Sam is a crypto miner. He uses a really high end PC to mine coins. Unfortunately, his
PC consumes a lot of power. He gathered data and, with the help of his mathematician
You need to improve
friend, was able to come with this equation. your comprehension.

3 2
𝑃=𝑐 −5 𝑐 +6 𝑐+ 4
Where P is the power consumed (in yellow
Click on that kwH) while is the crypto coin mined.
button to show the
solution.
Hanggang ilan coins lang ang pwedeng minahin ni Sam para ma-minimize niya
ang power consumption? Para simple lang, let’s assume na stable ang presyo ng
coin.
0.5 coins 1 coin
inCorrect!
1.5 coins 2.5 coins
Ninang Yvr wants to cook the best lechon. sHe did some research and found out
that, aside from having the perfect ingredients, he has to roast the pork with
respect to this equation:
− 𝑡 2 28 80
𝑄= + 𝑡−
45 9 9

Where Q is the quality (in percent) of the lechon while t is the time it takes to roast.

Yun nga lang, ayaw ni Ninang Yvr ang Math. Kung kaya’t pinili niyang
magtiwala sa kanyang instinct at nagdesisyon siya na lutuin ang lechon in one
hour and 45 minutes. Tama ba ang kanyang instinct? Nagawa niya bang lutuin
ang lechon to it’s best quality?

YES NO
Ninang Yvr wants to cook the best lechon. sHe did some research and found out
that, aside from having the perfect ingredients, he has to roast the pork with
respect to this equation:
− 𝑡 2 28 80
𝑄= + 𝑡−
45 9 9

Where Q is the quality (in percent) of the lechon while t is the time it takes to roast.

Yun nga lang, ayaw ni Ninang Yvr ang Math. Kung kaya’t pinili niyang
magtiwala sa kanyang instinct at nagdesisyon siya na lutuin ang lechon in one
hour and 45 minutes. Tama ba ang kanyang instinct? Nagawa niya bang lutuin
ang lechon to it’s best quality?

YES NO
Correct!
Ninang Yvr wants to cook the best lechon. sHe did some research and found out
that, aside from having the perfect ingredients, he has to roast the pork with
respect to this equation:
− 𝑡 2 28 80
𝑄= + 𝑡−
45 9 9

Where Q is the quality (in percent) of the lechon while t is the time it takes to roast.

Yun nga lang, ayaw ni Ninang Yvr ang Math. Kung kaya’t pinili niyang
magtiwala sa kanyang instinct at nagdesisyon siya na lutuin ang lechon in one
hour and 45 minutes. Tama ba ang kanyang instinct? Nagawa niya bang lutuin
ang lechon to it’s best quality?

YES NO INCorrect!
 THE BEST QUALITY

Roast
The it ittoo
best
Roast tooshort
quality isat
long atmagiging
the PEAK“hilaw”
masusunogofang
that
QUALITY ang pagkakalutobaboy. sa baboy ang baboy.
curve

“HILAW” OVERCOOKED
ZONE ZONE

TIME

Surprise surprise! Parabola ulit yung equation! At tulad sa sample kanina,

ang highest point (highest quality) is also the MAXIMUM. At papaano i-
solve ang maximum? Calculus!
Here’s the solution. Walang
bago sa process. Click on − 𝑡 2 28 80
𝑄= + 𝑡−
the icon to reveal the 45 9 9
next step
′ 2 28
𝑄 =− 𝑡+
45 9
2 28
0 =− 𝑡+
45 9
2 28
𝑡=
45 9

28 45
𝑡= ∗
9 2
This means that to produce the BEST/OPTIMAL
quality ng baboy, the pig must be roasted for 70
minutes or for 1 hour and 10 minutes. Mukhang 𝑡 =70
na-overcook ni Ninang Yvr niluluto niya.
Ninang Yvr wants to cook the best lechon. sHe did some research and found out
that, aside from having the perfect ingredients, he has to roast the pork with
respect to this equation:
− 𝑡 2 28 80
𝑄= + 𝑡−
45 9 9

Where Q is the quality (in percent) of the lechon while t is the time it takes to roast.

Yun nga lang, ayaw ni Ninang Yvr ang Math. Kung kaya’t pinili niyang
magtiwala sa kanyang instinct at nagdesisyon siya na lutuin ang lechon in one
hour and 45 minutes. Tama ba ang kanyang instinct? Nagawa niya bang lutuin
ang lechon to it’s best quality?

YES NO INCorrect!
 AND THAT’S IT!
Simple lang ang concept ng Critical Point but it can have a huge
impact on designs or on your decision lalo na kung
OPTIMIZATION ang usapan.
Nag-enjoy ka ba? Feel free to leave your feed back here. You
comment/feedback is greatly appreciated and will help para sa
design ng future interactive module

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