“BST BS*2573 PART#] 83 MM Lb24eb9 OOO4TL) & Ml BS 2573: Part 1: 1983 v0c621.873:624.08 os British Standard ®@ Rules for the design of cranes Part 1. Specification for classification, stress calculations and design criteria for structures Régles de conception des grues Partie 1. Classification, calculs des contraintes et critares de conception des structures — Spécifications Regeln fiir den Kranbau Teil 1. Kranbauten; Einteilung, Spannungsberechnungen und Konstruktionsmerkmale ——British Standards Institution —— a —BSI BS*2573 PART) 83 MM 1b24669 OOO4TL2 T a BS 2673 : Part 1 : 1983 e@ Contents Page Poge Foreword 2 ©. Effective lengths of eranejibs, considered as Comanittees responsible Back cover uniform struts a7 D. Basic formula for ealculation of C, 50 Specification E. Design checks for stiffened compression flangos 61 Section one. General F Fatigue strength 6 1.1 Scope 3 1.2. Definitions and applications of terms 3 Tobles 1, Class of utilization 4 Section two. Classification ofthe crane as a whole 2, State of loading 5 21 General 4 3: Group classification of the crane asawhole eciee crea 44 Impact and duty factors eccording to rane 23 State of loading end nomial lad spectrum {ype and spplication ‘ Aa 4 & Insane dain wind presura 8 etormination of group classification of . Wind foros on suspended low 2A eee nniton of roup chsfention of theo. uteeeriegdaign wind prenies 9 8. Force coofficionts Cy 10 Section thes, Lads nid combinations 10: Bese Svuctrl mentor Hy @_ © £04 ate td combinations tobe conser 11. Vale of Robertson constant afr sts of indesign 6 various sections 16 3.2 Loads due to climatic conditions and natural 12, Values of Fay for stools to BS 4360 16 Phenomena 9 13. Values of Ki 18 44) Values of Ke 19 Section four. Selection of stel, minimum thickness 418. Values of A and B to be used in calculating and working strossos values of C, in newtons per square millimetre 20 4.1 Selection of stel 13 16, Basi stress Pyesee for different values of 42 Minimum thicknoss of plates and sections 8 critical stress C, a 43 Working strosses 1317, Basic averago shear strss Pas in stffened webs of steel to BS 4360 2 Section five, Streses in structural components 18. Basic stresses in welds 29 6.1 Individual members, rolled sections, hollow. 19, Basic stresses in rivets as a percentage of Yno2 30 sections and members with plated webs: 20. Effective lengths of parts in compression 31 verification relative tothe yield stress 14 21. Effective length with no lateral bracing 2 5.2 Lattice girders and trussos verification relative 22. Maximum width of plates in compression % to the yiold stress 26 23. Projection of unstiffened compression flange 5.3 Secondary stresses 2 plates 3 24, Permissible tensile and compressive fatigue Section six. Bate strosss in connections stresses Py and Py for various eassas of eat 8 constructional detall in stels of grades 43, 60 M2 Basia stress for bots, suds and rivets 25. Overhead travelling industrial type eranes (0.7.0) “4 sree emagrn, Proportions of structural component, 26, Oyervead traveling staalworks cranes 4 27. Transporters 45 7.4 Effective lengths of parts in compression 3128. High pedestal or portal ib eranes and derrick 7.2 Widths of plates 3 eranes 46 7.3 Web plates and web stiffeners 3329. Tower eranes 46 30. Freight container eranes 45 Section eight. Fluctuating loads: perm 31. Dimensional requirements for stiffeners 51 fatigue stresses 32. Velue of factor K 52 8.1. Detall design 26 33. Plate strength in newtons per square millimetre: 8.2 Number of stress cycles 26 class P 56 8.3 Loads and stresses to be considered 36 34, Plato strength in newtons per square 8.4 Methods 36 class 0 87 85 Permissible fatigue stress 36 35, Column strength in newtons per square 8.6 Classes of constructional detalls 36 mnllimetre: a= 1.0 58 3736, Column strongth in newtons per squat 37 millimetre: «= 2.0 89 37. Column strength in newtons per squate @ roponcices millimetre: a= 35 6 ep 38. Column strength in newtons per square eee eee nal millimetre: «= 55 a B. The use of steols of higher tensile strengths than >» those of stots to BS 4260 4g 39. Effective longth factor Ky 62BSI BS*2573 BS 2573 : Part 1: 1983 Figures 1, Skew load coefficients 2. Conversion chart for wind speed and pressure 3, Definitions: aerodynamic slenderness, section ratio, solidity ratio and spacing ratio 4, Effective throat thickness of fillot welds 30 6, Effective throat thickness of deep-penetration fillet welds 30 6. Effective length with lateral bracing 3 7. Typieal class E wold datas 42 8. Typical class F weld details 42 9. Typleal class F and class G wold details 43, 10. Typical class G weld details 43 11. General case for determining effective length of jib 48 12, Special case where fixed pulleys for derticking and hoist ropes are in one vertical line 48 1. Spacial case where fixed pulleys for derricking ‘and hoist ropes are vertically above jib pivot point 48 Foreword “This Part of BS 2573 has been prepared under the direction of the Mechenical Engineering Standards Committee. It supersedes 8S 2573 : Part 1 : 1977 which is withdrawn, The fourth ravision of this standard has been prepared having due regard for the work of ISO/TC 96, Cranes, lifting appliances and related equipment, in preparing the international standard ISO 4301 covering rane classifica tion, The classification requirements have been revised to align with the requiremonts of the international standard, ‘This new edition of BS 2573 : Part 1 also aligns the method of classification with that of BS 2573 : Part 2 which covers permissible stresses in orane mechanisms and in which ‘account had already been taken of the ISO 4301 requi ments, PARTS] 83 MM 2624669 0004913 1 Ml Page 14, Cantilever erane jib with hoist rope parallel to jib axis 48 16. Cantilever crane jlb with hoist rope not parallel to jb axis, 48 16. Ratio of effective length/actual length for cantilever crane jibs 49 17. Box girder compression flange: typical construction 62 18. Types of stiffener 63 19, Factor C' for toos to BS 4 : Part 1 63 20. Variation of stresses in a stiffened compression panel a 21, Plate strength curves for simple method 0 22. Column strength curves for simple method 65 23, Classification of plate elements for detailed method 66 24, Plate strength curves for detailed method 66 25. Factor K, for detailed method 67 26. Column strength curves for detailed method 6B ‘An approach to classification besed on ISO work is coneldered to provide scope for precise definition of the purchaser's requirements on the one hand and for rational design and economic production on the other. The change in the method of classification will not lead to any substantial change in the design of cranes although it has entailed alterations to rolated clauses of the standard, notably those dealing with duty and impact factors and fatigue, Because the classification of a crane is determined by the number of hoisting cyoles and tho stato of loading, {8 defined by the load spectrum factor, comparisons with the four former classes in BS 2573 : Part 1 : 1977 can be readily made. Compliance wi «8 British Standard does not of itsolf confer immunity from legal obligations.BSI BS*2573 PART#1 63 MM 1b24669 COO44 3 mm BS 2573 : Part 1: 1983 —————— British Standard Rules for the design of cranes Part 1. Specific and design criteria for structures ion for classification, stress calculations nn Section one, General 1.1 Scope This Part of BS 2573 specifies the basis for computing stresses in orane structures and the way in which permissible stresses In crane structures shall be determined in order to secure economy in design and reliability In operation. For this purpose it specifies a classification system that ‘enables the purchaser and the manufacturer to match a particular crane to the required duty and utilization NOTE. The titles of the pubcatof referred to in tis standard are listed on the inside back cover, 1.2 Definitions and applications of terms 1.2.1 Definitions. For the purposes of this ‘the following definitions apply. 1.2.1.1 dead loads. All the loads of constant magnitude and position that act permanently on the structure or member. 1.2.1.2 live loads. Any load except wind load that gives rise to variation of stress in a member. Such variation may be ‘due to any change of position or magnitude of an externally applied load or to, the movement of the crane structure Itself. 3 inertia forces. The forces produced by change of velocity. 1.2.1.4 wind load, The forces produced by the velocity of ‘the wind, which is assumed to act horizontally. 1.2.2 Applications of terms. For the purposes of this British Standard the following terms apply as stated, 1.2.2.1 basic stresses. The stressos as set out in 6.1, 6.2 and seotion six. 1.2.2.2 permisible working stress. The stress numericelly ‘equal to the basic stress multiplied by the relevant duty section eight, 1.2.2.4 servieo conditions. The crane is deemed to be under service conditions when itis oporating without load or with 2 load up to the maximum safe working loed.RTL 83 MMH Lb24GbT OOONTLS 5 | BS 2573 : Part 1: 1983 Section two. Classification of the crane as a whole 2.1 General To provide @ rational and uniform basis for certain aspects of the design of the crane structure, a group classification for the crane as a whole in the range of Al to AB (see ‘table 3) and based on the requirements of 2.2 to 24 shall be established. NOTE 1, The group clasfication of the erane asa whole provides 2 ramavork of reference between purchesar and manufacturer for Jnnieel purposes by means of which crane may vies for which it fe required I also enebios 3 ‘analysis of the design to be based on the specified ite conditions of servic (se section eight) Cranes shall be classified into groups according to: (a) class of utilization: as determined from the required number of operating cycles for the crane, in accordance with 2.2, (b) state of loading: as determined from the conditions Cf loading to which tho crane will be subjected, in accordance with 2.3 NOTE 2, It fe recommended that the group castifiation (with the class of utilization ond stata of loading from which it is derived) ere Clearly end permanently marked on the crane, 2.2 Class of utilization 2.2.1 General. Tho class of utilization of the erane shall be determined from its assumed total number of all operating ‘oyeles during its intended life. For the purpose of classifica- tion, an operating cycle shall be considered to commence When a load is picked up and end at the moment when the crane is ready to pick up the next load, NOTE, Whee a crana ie fittod with iting attachment, the weight ‘of which forms a significant proportion of the crane capacity, the effect ofthis on fatigue Iie should bo carefully evaluated. 2.2.2 Determining the class of utilization 2.2.2.4 Where sufficient information is available, ‘the number of operating cycles shall be calculated from & knowledge of the dutias which the crane will be expected to perform, e.g. for acrane performing part of a continuous, repetitive process the number can readily be derived from the number of operating eycles per hour and the total ‘number of working hours during th intended life. The class of utilization of the crane shall then be selected from table 1 according to the tabulated number of operating cycles that is nearest to, but not less than, the number ‘caloulated by the procedure outlined in the previous Paragraph, 2.2.2.2 Where insufficient information is available for calculating the total number of operating cycles, as may bo ‘the case when the crane is used for a variety of duti a sultable valuo, ostimated on the basis of experienc shall be used, Where there is difficulty in assigning a sultable value, the next highest figure in table 1 shall be taken, 2.2.2.3 Typical values or ranges of the class of utilization normally associated with particular types of crane and crane applications are given in appendix A, 2.3 State of loading and nominal load spectrum factor 2.3.1. Gonoral, The state of loading of the crane and the ‘corresponding nominal load spectrum factor shall characteriza the oxtent to which the crane lifts the ‘maximum permitted load for the configuration, or smaller ae Table 1. Class of utilization NOTE, The number of cycles used! In select utilization isa figure used only for clastic the eats of, ion purpoves and as @ ‘design parameter It doesnot imply a guarantee life. Class of | Max. number of || Remarks ttiization | operating eles ul 32 x104 U2 63 x10* Infrequent use u3 1.25 x 108 us 25 x10° —_| Fairly frequent use us 5 x 10° | Frequent use us 1 x10 | Very frequent use ur 2 x 108 us 4 x10 | Continuous or near- continuous uso us Greater than 4 «10° loads. They depand both on the magnitudes of the lifted loads relative to the maximum permitted load, and on the number of cycle in which each is lifted relative to the total number of cycles. Assessment ofthe state of loading shall be based on the samo cycles as are used in 2.2 to datarmine the class of Utilization, Also, the weight of th lftd load shal Include tho weight of any lifting attachment such as bucket, grab, magnet or lifting beam whether permanently fitted or Gotachable, and the weights of other suspended components such a the bottom block, hook and of the holst rope that are lifted together with the load, The maximum permitted load is thus the spectiod sate working load plus the weights of any such lifted components or attachments that are not included in the specified safo working load. NOTE, Typiea vale or enget of he stat of osting normaly {mvelond with pact types of erane and crane applications re dive in eppodc A 2.3.2 Determining the load spectrum factor 2.3.2.1 Where details re available of tho magnitudes of the toads and the numberof times each will be lifted during the intended life of the crane, tha load spectrum factor, Ke, shall be calculated as follows: Let: ="The magnitudes ofthe individual ited loads characteristio ofthe duty ofthe erano (ie. Pi, Par Ps. Padi Pax * The maximum permitted load (6 2.3.1); (= Tha estimated number of eycles which occur atthe individual load level (ie. C1, Car lerercn z= The total numberof all the individual eyces atall load lovels #DGj= (Oy +0, +, +... Gy) tom reals {& (4)'J] For the purpose of classification of the crane as a whole, m3,”BSI BS*2573 Expanded, the 0 equation becomes: let PL \i Gl Ph \F +2( 2) 4 Pine Ce \ Pnax Cn f Pn \*) aa Prete t \Pmax, The state of loading shal be selected from table 2 according to the tabulated value of nominal load spectrum factor Kp, that is the nearest to, but not less than the calculated value of Ky. 2.3.2.2 Where details of the numbers and weights of the lifted toads during the intended life of the crane are not Known, the descriptive definitions in table 2 shall be used to assist the selection of an appropriate stato of loading Table 2, State of loading PART*L 83 MM Lb24669 OOO4SLb ? ml BS 2673 : Part 1: 1983 and corresponding nominal load spectrum factor. Where there is doubt in the selection of appropriate values, ‘the next highest figures in table 2 shall be used, 2.4 Determination of group classification of the crane ‘The group classification of the erane shall be determined from table 3 using the class utilization and state of loading ‘obtained in accordance with 2.2 and 2.3, 'No change in the group classification of a crane, or In its combination of state of loading and class of utilization within the same group classification shall be made without reference to the manufacturer or having a thorough design check carried out by a competent person. rom 80 4301 doos not affect t applied directly In the simple treatment for fatigue design given in 8. Table 3. Group classification of the crane as a whole e State of foading Descriptive definition 0s ~ | cranes which holt the ste working load very rarely and, normaly, ight loads. 0.63 Cranes which hoist the safe working load fairly frequently and, normally, moderate loads. 3 Heavy og Cranes which hoist the safe working load frequently and, normally, heavy loads. Q4 Very heavy | 1.0 Cranes which are normally loaded close to safe working load, of the nominal trum factor as defined in 1S0 4901 are equivalnt to the cube of those in table 2 above. state of loading ofthe erane or Its group clasiication but results in values that can be ‘Stato of Nominal | Glas of utilization and maximum number of operation cycles ofthe eran @ loading fod spectrum [Ur v2 us U4 us [us [ur [us [ve tastor Kp aaxr0 | 63x10" | 1.25x10° [25x10° |e x10 [1 x10° | 2x10° | axto® | >axi0® Qt Light 08 Al Al a2 Aa aa fas fas Jar [as Q2Moderate |o.e3 | ar a2 a3 Aa as fas jar jas fas 03 Heavy os a2 Ag a AS as faz jas jas jas 04 Very heavy | 1.0 a3 Aa 5 a6 ar tas jas fas jas‘BSI BS¥2573 PART*1 BS 2673 : Part 1: 1983 Section three, Loads and load com! 3.1 Loads and load combinations to be ‘considered in design 8.1.1 Gonoral. The structure as a whole and each part of it shall be designed to withstand the load combinations given in 8.1.2 using the loads listed in 3.1.3. 3.1.2 Load combinations 8.1.2.1 Crane in use without wind Lites +H 8.4.2.2 Crane in use with insarvice wind Ly tls +h tM 8.1.2.3 Fatigue check foreach member in which fluctuating strasses occur 8.1.2.3.1. Each momber in which fluctuating stresses occur shall be checked for fatigue in accordance with section ight. 8.1.2,3.2 Where the simple method given in 8.4 is used the following loads shall be taken into account: La Lat Ha 3.1.2.3.3 Where the more detailed method of calculation ‘lven in the note to 8.4 is used, the following loads shall be taken into account: Li thy +H 8.1.24 Crane in out-of service condition Lit Ve 8.1.2.5 Crane being erected or dismantled 3.1.2.6.1 During erection and/or dismantling operations ley! 3.1.2.8.2 Partially erected or dismantled crane subjected to outofservice wind LitVs In calculating the effect of V2 for the partially erected dismantled structure, the support provided by temporary erection equipment such as guy ropes or staging shall be taken into account. Where such equipment is not used the structure shall be considered as free standing, 8.1.2.6 Crane in collision with resilient buffers Lite 3.1.3 List of loads Ly Dead loads due to dead weight. La Live loads, inluding the hook load. Ls Live loads, including the hook foad multiplied by ‘the impact factor (soe 3.1.4), La Live loads, including the hook load multiplied by the impact factor and the nominal load spectrum factor (see 3.1.4 and 2.3), Hy The combined effect of the two most severe horizontal loads (see 3.1.5). Hy Hy excluding the skew loads due to travelling. Vi Load due to the service wind acting horizontally In any direction where applicable, 3 MMH Ub246b9 0004917 4 a Load due to the maximum permissible wind speed for the erection/dismantling oporation as specified by tho manufacturor, V; shall not exceed Vi. V2 Load due to the out-of service wind acting horizontally in any direction where applicable, B Load due to collision with resilient buffers {500 3.1.6). 3.1.4 Impact factor. The impact factor shall apply to the ‘motion of the hook load in a vertical direction and covers Inertia forces including shock, In caleulating live loads in members of the structure, the hook load shall be multiplied, by the impact factor, given in table 4(a) to 41g), appro- priate to the type of crane and its application, va Table 4. Impact and duty factors according to crane type and apy NOTE. The table does nat cover all crane types and duties. Cranes ‘uch 9 floating eranes, breakdown cranes end pedestal eranes for ‘offshore use, for exemple, all have special design requiremonts associated with toir particular applications wich have tobe taken Into sccount when determining appropriata impact and duty factors (2) Overhead travelling industrial type cranes (0.T.C.) ‘Type and/or application ‘mpact | Duty factor | factor Power stations, engine houses, etc. 11 | 0.95 Light work shop duty (maintenance, 14 | 10 ropairs, assembly, etc.) Light storos duty 1 | 10 Medium and heavy warehouse duty 13 | 0.95 ‘Medium and heavy workshop duty 13° | 0.95 Goliath cranes for general hook service |1.3 | 0.95 Gollath cranes for container handling 13 | 0.95 Goliath and bridge | intermittent duty [1.4 | 0.90 cranes for grabbing work continuous duty } 1.5 | 0.85 Shipyard cranes 13 | 095 Ladle cranes for foundry work 12 | 0.90 Magnet cranes for steel stockyard 14 | 0.90 Magnet cranes for scrapyard work 16 | 085 Forging cranes 20" | 0.286 ‘This foctor may be modified whon an overload protsetion dovico Is fitted,