Chapter 1 and 22 Study Guide

1. What is science?
a. What is biological science?
2. Compare and contrast discovery science and hypothesis based science.
a. Describe how inductive reasoning is used in discovery science and deductive reasoning is
used in hypothesis based science.
3. Describe the difference between quantitative and qualitative data.
4. Identify and describe the steps of the scientific method.
a. Explain what it means for a hypothesis to be “falsifiable”.
5. To test a hypothesis you need to start by designing an experiment, describe the significance of
each of the following in the experiment: independent variable, dependent variable, controlled
variables, and replication (In my opinion, it is easiest to do this in the context of an example).
6. Identify the different levels of biological organization.
7. What are the characteristics of living things?
8. How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells, how are they similar, what type of
organisms have prokaryotic cells, which have eukaryotic cells?
9. What are the taxonomic groups that we classify all living organisms into?
a. Which is the most inclusive? The least?
b. What are the three domains of life?
10. What two main concepts make up the Theory of Evolution?
11. Describe descent with modification.
a. How are cells, DNA, mutations, and reproductive success important to this concept?
12. Describe natural selection?
13. How are descent with modification and natural selection related?
14. What is an acquired trait, can it be inherited?
a. Do individuals evolve? Why or why not?
15. The forms of evidence that support Darwin’s hypotheses:
a. Describe an anatomical homology.
b. What are vestigial structures?
c. What is convergent evolution?
d. What is biogeography? How does is aid us in understanding evolution?
e. What is artificial selection?