Merican Ational Tandard

ANSI/ASSE A10.
31-2006
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
ANSI/ASSE A10.31-2006
Safety Requirements,
Definitions and
Specifications for
Digger Derricks—
American National Standard
for Construction and
Demolition Operations
A S AMERICAN SOCIETY OF
S E SAFETY ENGINEERS
A S
S E
Printed in U.S.A.
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believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as
secretariat of the ANSI accredited A10 Committee or individual committee members accept no
legal responsibility for the correctness or completeness of this material or its application to
specific factual situations. By publication of this standard, ASSE or the A10 Committee does
not ensure that adherence to these recommendations will protect the safety or health of any
persons, or preserve property.
ANSI®
ANSI A10.31 – 2006

Construction and Demolition Operations
Safety Requirements, Definitions and

Specifications for Digger Derricks
Secretariat
American Society of Safety Engineers

1800 East Oakton Street
Des Plaines, Illinois 60018-2187
Approved April 27, 2006
American National Standards Institute, Inc.
Licensed to Heather Rainville. ANSI order X_16804. Downloaded 8/27/20

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Standards Institute.
Published May, 2006 by
American Society of Safety Engineers

1800 East Oakton Street
Des Plaines, Illinois 60018-2187
(847) 699-2929 ! www.asse.org
Copyright © 2006 by American Society of Safety Engineers

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in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or
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Printed in the United States of America

Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard A10.31-2006.)
This standard is one of a series of safety standards that have been formulated by the
Accredited Standards Committee on Safety in Construction and Demolition Operations,
A10. It is expected that the standards in the A10 series will find a major application in
industry, serving as a guide to contractors, labor, and equipment manufacturers. For the
convenience of users, a list of existing and proposed standards in the A10 series for
Safety Requirements in Construction and Demolition Operations follows.
A10.1 Planning for Construction Safety and Health (under development)

A10.2 Safety, Health, and Environmental Training (under development)
A10.3 Powder-Actuated Fastening Systems
A10.4 Personnel Hoists and Employee Elevators
A10.5 Material Hoists
A10.6 Demolition Operations
A10.7 Transportation, Storage, Handling, and Use of Commercial Explosives and
Blasting Agents
A10.8 Scaffolding
A10.9 Concrete and Masonry Construction
A10.10 Temporary and Portable Space Heating Devices
A10.11 Personnel and Debris Nets
A10.12 Excavation
A10.13 Steel Erection
A10.15 Dredging
A10.16 Tunnels, Shafts, and Caissons
A10.17 Safe Operating Practices for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Construction
A10.18 Temporary Floor Holes, Wall Openings, Stairways, and Other Unprotected
Edges
A10.19 Pile Installation and Extraction Operations (under development)
A10.20 Ceramic Tile, Terrazzo, and Marble Work
A10.22 Rope-Guided and Non-Guided Workers’ Hoists
A10.23 Back Injury Prevention Programs (under development)
A10.24 Roofing – Safety Requirements for Low-Sloped Roofs
A10.25 Sanitation in Construction (under development)
A10.26 Emergency Procedures for Construction Sites (under development)
A10.27 Hot Mix Asphalt Facilities
A10.28 Work Platforms Suspended from Cranes or Derricks
A10.29 Aerial Lifts in Construction (under development)
A10.30 Construction Workplace Security
A10.31 Digger-Derricks
A10.32 Fall Protection Systems for Construction Industry Users
A10.33 Safety and Health Program Requirements for Multi-Employer Projects
A10.34 Public Protection
A10.35 High Pressure Hydro Blasting (under development)
A10.36 Railroad Construction Safety (under development)
A10.37 Debris Nets
A10.38 Basic Elements of a Program to Provide a Safe and Healthful Work Environment
A10.39 Construction Safety and Health Audit Program
A10.40 Reduction of Musculoskeletal Problems in Construction (under development)
A10.41 Equipment Operator and Supervisor Qualifications and Responsibilities (under
development)
A10.42 Rigging Qualifications and Responsibilities in the Construction Industry
A10.43 Confined Spaces in Construction (under development)

A10.44 Lockout/Tagout in Construction (under development)
A10.46 Hearing Loss Prevention (under development)
A10.47 Highway Construction Safety (under development)
A10.48 Communication Tower Erection (under development)
One purpose of these standards is to serve as guides to governmental authorities having

jurisdiction over subjects within the scope of the A10 Committee standards. If these
standards are adopted for governmental use, the reference of other national codes or
standards in individual volumes may be changed to refer to the corresponding
regulations.
Revisions: The A10 Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this standard.
Revisions are made to the standard periodically (usually five years from the date of the
standard) to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated
by experience gained from the application of the standard. Proposals should be as
specific as possible, citing the relevant paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and
the reason for the proposal. Pertinent documentation would enable the A10 Committee to
process the changes in a more timely manner.
Interpretations: Upon a request in writing to the Secretariat, the A10 Committee will
render an interpretation of any requirement of the standard. The request for interpretation
should be clear, citing the relevant paragraph number(s) and phrased as a request for a
clarification of a specific requirement. Oral interpretations are not provided.
No one but the A10 Committee (through the A10 Secretariat) is authorized to provide any
interpretation of this standard.
Approval: Neither the A10 Committee nor American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
"approves," "certifies," "rates," or "endorses" any item, construction, proprietary device, or
activity.
Appendixes: Appendixes are included in most standards to provide the user with
additional information related to the subject of the standard. Appendices are not part of
the approved standard.
Committee Meetings: The A10 Committee meets twice a year. Persons wishing to attend
a meeting should contact the Secretariat for information.
Standard Approval: This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by
the American National Standards Committee on Safety in Construction and Demolition
Operations, A10. Approval of the standard does not necessarily imply (nor is it required)
that all Committee members voted for its approval. At the time this standard was
published, the A10 Committee had the following members:

Richard King, CSP, Chairman
James Tomaseski, Vice Chairman
Timothy R. Fisher, CSP, ARM, CPEA, Secretary
Jennie Dalesandro, Administrative Technical Support
Organization Represented Name of Representative
Accident Prevention Corporation Frank Burg, CSP

Michael Serpe
Aegis Corporation Matthew J. Burkart, P.E.
Judith Burkhart
Allegheny Energy Supply David Szuch
Richard P. Sanner
Alstom Power Robert Renney
Ted P. Sharp
American Federation of Labor and Congress of
Industrial Organizations Jim E. Lapping, MS, P.E., CSP
American Insurance Services Group Edward Campbell
James G. Borchardt, CSP, CPE
ASCE - Construction Institute Committee Edward R. Ardery, P.E.
Harold McKittrick
American Society of Safety Engineers Allen Macenski, CSP, J.D.
A. David Brayton, CSP, CPC
American Subcontractors Association Dave Madaras, CSP, CHST
Brian Cubbage
Asbestos Workers International Union Terry Lynch
Jim E. Lapping, MS, P.E., CSP
Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc. Michael W. Hayslip, P.E., CSP
Joe Visgaitis
Associated General Contractors of America, The James Brown
Justin Crandol
Barton-Malow Company John Gleichman, CSP
Black & Veatch Richard F. King, CSP
John H. Borowski, CIH, CSP
Building & Construction Trades Department Pete Stafford
Jim Platner, Ph.D., CIH
Center to Protect Workers’ Rights, The Mike McCann, Ph.D., CIH
Pete Stafford
Chicago Bridge & Iron Company James Rhudy
Wallace K. Melvin
Clark Construction Group Tim Sirofchuck
Jack Duley
Cole-Miller Safety Consulting, Inc. Barry Cole
Steve Miller
Philip L. Colleran Philip L. Colleran, CSP
Construction Users Roundtable, The Ron G. Prichard, Ph.D., P.E.
Timothy Stephenson, PMP
D.B. Industries Scott C. Casebolt
J. Thomas Wolner, P.E.
DTE Energy Services Trent L. McClellan, CSP
Tony Tarrance
ECI Safety Services Co. Anthony Merisola
Patrick Brennan
Edison Electric Institute R. Lee Reed, Jr.
Charles Kelly

E. I. Dupont de Nemours & Company Gary Birchall
Robert Krzywicki
Elevator Industry Preservation Fund John Quackenbush
Rod Gilles
Gilbane Building Co. John P. O’Donovan
Carol Murkland
Richard D. Hislop Richard Hislop
Institute of Makers of Explosives Lon D. Santis
J. Christopher Ronay
International Association of Bridge, Structural,
Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers Frank Migliaccio, Jr.
Ron Karas
International Brotherhood of Boilermakers David Haggerty
Bridget Conner
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers James Tomaseski
Jerry Westerholm
International Brotherhood of Teamsters Michael W. Watson, CIH
International Safety Equipment Association Janice Bradley, CSP
Cristine Fargo
International Union of Bricklayers & Allied Craftworkers Scott Conwell
Eileen Betit
International Union of Operating Engineers Emmett Russell
Steve Brown
International Union of Painters & Allied Trades Dan Penski
Brian Gustine
Jack L. Mickle & Associates Jack Mickle, Ph.D., P.E.
Kelly E. Lapping
Laborers’ International Union of North America Scott Schneider
Walter A. Jones, MS
Marsh USA, Inc. Timothy Bergeron, CSP
Maryland Occupational Safety & Health Roy E. Blades
Mischelle Vanreusel
Mechanical Contractors Association of America Peter Chaney
Dennis Langley
MYR Group, Inc. Steven Theis, CSP, CHMM, CUSA
Joseph Branco
National Association of Home Builders Robert Matuga
George Middleton
National Association of Railroad Safety
Consultants & Investigators Lewis Barbe, P.E., CSP, CRSP
National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health Thomas G. Bobick, Ph.D., P.E., CSP, CPE
National Railroad Construction &
Maintenance Association Jeffrey D. Meddin, CSP, CHCM
Mike Hasenstab
National Roofing Contractors Association Harry Dietz
Tom Shanahan
National Society of Professional Engineers C.E. Jackson, Jr., P.E.
E. Ross Curtis, P.E., DFE
NEA – The Association of Union Constructors William Treharne, P.E.
Wayne Rice
Operative Plasterers and Cement Masons
International Association Gerald Ryan
Daniel M. Paine Daniel M. Paine
Barbara Paine
Power Consultants, Incorporated David Goldsmith
Steven Jecker

Professional Safety Consultants, Inc. Timothy Palmer, Ph.D., P.E.
Property Casualty Insurers Association of America John Neil
Peter Furst
Ryland Group, Inc., The Bob Masterson, CSP
Safety and Quality Plus Ron Lattanzio
Scaffolding, Shoring & Forming Institute Chris Johnson
Jerry Meadors
Sheet Metal & Air Conditioning Contractors’
National Association Mike McCullion
Sheet Metal Workers International Association Gary Batykefer
Charles Austin
SPA, Incorporated Stanley D. Pulz, CSP, P.E.
Richard B. Loucks, Ph.D., P.E.
TIC – The Industrial Company Brett Richardson
William Lanius
Turner Construction Company Dennis Falvey, CSP
Brian Peterson
United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters William Rhoten
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and
Joiners of America William Irwin
Thomas L. Kavicky
United Union of Roofers, Waterproofers and
Allied Workers Robert J. Krul
John Barnhard
U.S. Department of the Army – Corps of Engineers Brian Becker
Ellen B. Stewart
U.S. Department of Energy Patrick Finn
Leslie Bermudez
U.S. Department of Labor – OSHA Camille Villanova
Stewart C. Burkhammer
West Virginia University Extension Service Mark Fullen
Brandon Takacs
ZBD Constructors (Zurn Industries) Greg Thompson
Subgroup A10.31 had the following members:
Mike Anderson (Chairman)

Frank Petrasek, (Secretary)
Matthew Burkart, P.E. (Liaison)
John Brewington
Jack Buttrum
James Christian
Dan Myers
Stephen E. Nicholson
Elroy Severson
Steve Theis
James Tomaseski

Contents SECTION................................................................................................ PAGE
1. Scope, Purpose, Requirements, Application and Exceptions............... 11

1.1 Scope .......................................................................................... 11
1.2 Purpose ....................................................................................... 11
1.3 Requirements .............................................................................. 11
1.4 Application ................................................................................... 11
1.5 Exceptions ................................................................................... 11
2. Referenced and Related Standards ..................................................... 11
2.1 Referenced American National Standards .................................. 11
2.2 Related Standards....................................................................... 12
3. Definitions............................................................................................. 12
3.1 Terminology................................................................................. 12
3.2 Nomenclature .............................................................................. 14
3.3 Specifications .............................................................................. 16
3.4 Mounting Positions ...................................................................... 18
4. Design Requirements ........................................................................... 18
4.1 Basic Principles ........................................................................... 18
4.2 Structural Safety Factors ............................................................. 18
4.3 Controls ....................................................................................... 19
4.4 Travel Securing Devices.............................................................. 20
4.5 Stability ........................................................................................ 20
4.6 Bursting Safety Factors ............................................................... 21
4.7 Hydraulic Cylinders...................................................................... 21
4.8 System Protection ....................................................................... 21
4.9 Relief Valves................................................................................ 21
4.10 Platforms ..................................................................................... 21
4.11 Markings ...................................................................................... 22
4.12 Load Hoist ................................................................................... 23
4.13 Ropes .......................................................................................... 23
4.14 Rotation (Slewing) Mechanism .................................................... 23
5. Electrical Systems, Devices and Test Procedures ............................... 23
5.1 Electrical Specifications ............................................................... 23
5.2 Electrical Requirements............................................................... 24
5.3 Electrical Tests for Insulating Digger Derricks ............................. 24
5.4 Electrical Test Procedures........................................................... 24
5.5 Electrical Test Equipment ............................................................ 27
5.6 Electrical Certification .................................................................. 27
6. Responsibilities of Manufacturers......................................................... 27
6.1 General Responsibilities .............................................................. 27
6.2 Specifications .............................................................................. 27
6.3 Quality Assurance ....................................................................... 28
6.4 Manuals ....................................................................................... 28
6.5 Markings ...................................................................................... 28
6.6 Mechanical Tests and Inspections .............................................. 30
6.7 Electrical Tests ............................................................................ 30
6.8 Installation Instructions ................................................................ 30
6.9 Welding........................................................................................ 30
6.10 Training and Training Materials ................................................... 30

7. Responsibilities of Dealers and Installers ............................................. 30
7.2 Vehicle Specifications.................................................................. 30
7.3 Vehicle Weight Distribution.......................................................... 30
7.4 Manuals ....................................................................................... 31
7.5 Installations.................................................................................. 31
7.6 Quality Assurance ....................................................................... 31
7.7 Welding........................................................................................ 31
7.8 Training........................................................................................ 31
7.9 Dealer or Installer as User........................................................... 31
7.10 Rated Load Capacity Charts ....................................................... 31
8. Responsibilities of Owners ................................................................... 32
8.2 Inspection and Testing Classifications ........................................ 32
8.3 Inspection Records and Test Records ........................................ 34
8.4 Maintenance ................................................................................ 34
8.5 Modifications................................................................................ 34
8.6 Weight Distribution ...................................................................... 34
8.7 Transfer of Ownership ................................................................. 34
8.8 Markings ...................................................................................... 34
8.9 Parts ............................................................................................ 35
8.10 Safety Bulletins............................................................................ 35
8.11 Manuals ....................................................................................... 35
8.12 Training, Retraining, and Familiarization of Operators ................ 35
9. Responsibility of Users ......................................................................... 36
9.2 Personnel .................................................................................... 36
9.3 Training, Retraining, and Familiarization of Operators ................ 36
9.4 Application ................................................................................... 36
9.5 Alterations.................................................................................... 37
9.6 Winch Line Rated Load ............................................................... 37
10. Responsibilities of Operators................................................................ 37
10.1 General Responsibilities ............................................................. 37
10.2 Operation.................................................................................... 37
10.3 Work Platform ............................................................................. 37
10.4 Brakes ........................................................................................ 37
10.5 Loading....................................................................................... 37
10.6 Observations .............................................................................. 37
10.7 Worksite...................................................................................... 38
10.8 Precautions................................................................................. 38
10.9 Personnel ................................................................................... 38
10.10 Training, Retraining, and Familiarization of Operators ............... 38
11. Responsibilities of Renters, Lessors or Lessees .................................. 39
11.1 General Responsibilities ............................................................. 39
11.2 Ownership Duties ....................................................................... 40
11.3 Obligations.................................................................................. 40
11.4 Training....................................................................................... 40
11.5 Communications......................................................................... 41

Table 1 - Electrical Test Values for Periodic/Maintenance of an
Insulated Digger Derrick ........................................................... 26
Figure 1 - Digger Derrick Nomenclature................................................... 42

Figure 2 - Digger Derrick Specifications ................................................... 43
Figure 3 - Mounting Positions for Truck-Mounted Digger Derricks........... 44
Figure 4 - Platform Inside Dimensions ..................................................... 45
Figure 5 - Dielectric Configuration for Digger Derricks ............................. 46
Figure 5A - Optional DC Dielectric Configuration for Digger Derricks ...... 46
Appendix A - Recommended Identification and Instruction Symbols

for Control Functions .......................................................... 47

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.31-2006
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.31

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS, DEFINITIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS
FOR DIGGER DERRICKS
1. SCOPE, PURPOSE, REQUIRE- owners, renters, lessors or lessees

MENTS, APPLICATION, AND EXCEP- and users of their respective
TIONS responsibilities.
1.1 Scope. 1.3 Requirements. The requirements

of this standard shall be met or exceeded.
1.1.1 Equipment Covered. This stan-
dard applies to special multipurpose 1.4 Application. All sections of this
vehicle-mounted machines, commonly standard apply only to those digger derricks
known as digger derricks. These machines manufactured after the effective date of this
are primarily designed to accommodate revision.
components that dig holes, set poles and
position materials and apparatus. 1.5 Exceptions. In cases of practical
difficulty or undue hardship, the responsible
1.1.2 Equipment Excluded. Excluded authority may grant exceptions to the literal
from this standard are general-purpose requirements of this standard or permit the
cranes, designed only for lifting service and use of other devices or methods, but only
machines primarily designed for digging when it is clearly evident that personnel and
holes. equipment protection is assured.
1.1.3 Uniform Specification Data. This 2. REFERENCED AND RELATED

standard establishes uniform requirements STANDARDS
for design, specifications and dimensions.
2.1 Referenced American National
1.1.4 Responsibilities. This standard Standards. This standard is intended for
defines the respective responsibilities of the use in conjunction with the following
manufacturer, dealer, installer, owner, American National Standards. When these
renter, lessor or lessee, user and operator referenced standards are superceded by a
of the digger derrick. revision approved by the American National
Standards Institute Inc., the revision shall
1.2 Purpose. This standard applies to apply.
the establishment of criteria for design,
manufacture, testing, inspection, instal- ANSI/SIA A92.2, Vehicle Mounted Elevating
lation, maintenance, use, training and and Rotating Aerial Devices
operation of vehicle mounted digger
derricks to achieve the following objectives: ANSI Z535.1 through 535.5, Safety Signs
and Colors
(1) Prevention of personal in-
juries and accidents. ANSI/AWS D1.1/D1.1M, Structural Welding
Code - Steel
(2) Uniformity in ratings.
ANSI/AWS D1.2/D1.2M, Structural Welding
(3) Understanding by manu- Code - Aluminum
facturers, dealers, installers,
maintenance personnel, operators,
11

ANSI/AWS B1.10, Guide for the Non- 3.1.6 Dealer. A person or entity who
Destructive Inspection of Welds buys (from a manufacturer or others) and
who generally sells, rents and services
ANSI C2, National Electrical Safety Code digger derricks.
2.2 Related Standards. The stan- 3.1.7 Digger Running Torque. The
dards listed here are for information only maximum torque developed by the digger
and are not essential for the completion of while running at rated pressure and flow.
the requirements of this standard:
3.1.8 Digger Stall Torque. The torque
ANSI/ASSE A10.8, Safety Requirements for applied to the digger output shaft required to
Scaffolding stall the auger while the digger is operating
at rated pressure and flow.
ANSI/ASME B30.5a, Mobile and Locomo-
tive Cranes 3.1.9 Digger Starting Torque. The
torque generated at the digger output shaft
ANSI/NFPA 1901, Automotive Fire Appar- when rated hydraulic pressure is applied to
atus the digger motor from a stalled condition.
ANSI/ASME Y14.15, Electrical and Elec- 3.1.10 Ductile Material. Material that
tronics Diagrams has a minimum elongation at failure of 10%
in a gauge length of two inches (51mm) of a
IEEE Std 4, IEEE Standard Techniques for standardized test specimen.
High-Voltage Testing
3.1.11 Equivalent Entity. An organ-
3. DEFINITIONS ization, agency or individual who, by
possession of an appropriate technical
3.1 Terminology. degree, certificate, professional standing or
skill, and who, by knowledge, training and
3.1.1 Authorized Personnel. A per- experience, has demonstrated the ability to
son(s) approved or assigned to perform a deal with the problems relating to the
specific type of duty(s) or to be at a specific subject matter, the work or the project.
location(s) at the job site.
3.1.12 Flashover. A disruptive electrical
3.1.2 Brittle Material. Material that discharge at the surface of electrical
does not meet the requirement for ductile insulation or in the surrounding medium,
material. which may or may not cause permanent
damage to the insulation.
3.1.3 Centerline of Rotation. The ver-
tical axis about which the digger derrick 3.1.13 Gross Axle Weight Rating
turntable rotates. (GAWR). The value specified by the
vehicle manufacturer as the load carrying
3.1.4 Chassis. A vehicle on which the capacity of an axle system measured at the
digger derrick is mounted such as a truck, a tire to ground interface.
trailer or an all-terrain vehicle.
3.1.14 Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
3.1.5 Control Station. The location (GVWR). The value specified by the vehicle
provided at which the operator shall stand manufacturer as the maximum allowable
or sit while operating the digger derrick. loaded weight of a particular vehicle.
12

3.1.15 Hydraulic Relief Valve. A com- drum, used for lifting or lowering loads with
ponent normally used in a hydraulic system a winch rope or cable.
to limit the maximum hydraulic pressure of
the system or hydraulic circuit. 3.1.24 Manufacturer. A person or entity
that makes, builds or produces a digger
3.1.16 Instability. A condition of a derrick.
mobile unit in which the sum of the
moments tending to overturn the unit is 3.1.25 Mobile Unit. A combination of a
equal to or exceeds the sum of the digger derrick, its chassis and related
moments tending to resist overturning. equipment.
3.1.17 Installer. One who installs a 3.1.26 Model. The manufacturer’s des-
digger derrick on a vehicle (chassis). ignation for the digger derrick specified.
3.1.18 Insulated Digger Derrick. A 3.1.27 Non-Destructive Testing. The

digger derrick with dielectric components examination by various means of devices or
designed and tested to meet the phase-to- their components without alteration of the
ground electrical insulating rating for 46 kV original components, so that they may
maximum phase-to-phase line voltages. function as before the examination.
The fiberglass boom resists an electrical
path to ground for current, should the boom 3.1.28 Operating Pressure. The maxi-
tip inadvertently contact or come in close mum hydraulic or pneumatic pressure at
proximity to an energized conductor. The which a system or circuit operates to obtain
digger derrick is electrically tested per performance and capacity specified by the
Section 5 of this standard to ensure its manufacturer.
ability to resist the conduction of electricity.
3.1.29 Operator. A person trained, auth-
3.1.19 Insulating Liner. A digger derrick orized and engaged in the operation of the
platform insert made of material having a digger derrick.
high dielectric strength.
3.1.30 Override. The takeover of digger
3.1.20 Lessee. A person(s) or entity to derrick movement and winch control func-
whom a digger derrick is provided by lease, tions at the platform controls by the
rental, loan or other arrangement. A lessee activation of the lower control station
may also be a dealer, owner, user or controls.
operator.
3.1.31 Owner. A person or entity who
3.1.21 Lessor. A person(s) or entity that has possession of a digger derrick by virtue
leases, rents, loans or otherwise provides a of proof of purchase.
digger derrick to another party for the
beneficial use of that party (the user). A 3.1.32 Payload. All tools, materials, fuel
lessor may also be a dealer, manufacturer, and occupants carried by the mobile unit,
owner, lessee, user or operator. which are not permanently affixed to the
vehicle.
3.1.22 Load Block. A component con-
sisting of a sheave or sheaves, and a load 3.1.33 Pilot Operated Holding Valve. A
attachment point that is used for multiple valve designed to control an over running
parting of the load line. load on a hydraulic component, and to hold
pressure within the component when
3.1.23 Load Hoist Winch. The winch desired.
drum, and the mechanism that powers the
13

3.1.34 Pilot Operated Lock Valve. A the employer of the operator, a dealer, an
check valve that can only be operated by installer, owner, lessor or operator.
applying hydraulic pressure to a pilot line
and that is commonly used to hold hydraulic 3.1.43 Vehicle. A mobile carrier for a
pressure in a hydraulic cylinder. digger derrick (see Chassis).
3.1.35 Platform Capacity. The compo- 3.1.44 Voltage.

nent of rated load capacity consisting of the
weight of personnel and all items carried on • Rated Line Voltage. The
or in the platform. nominal phase-to-phase volt-
age at which electrical sys-
3.1.36 Qualified Person. A person who, tems are rated.
by possession of an appropriate technical
degree, certificate, professional standing or • Design Voltage. The maxi-
skill, and who, by knowledge, training and mum rated line voltage for
experience, has demonstrated the ability to which the digger derrick has
deal with problems relating to the subject been designed, and for which it
matter, the work or the project. can be qualified.
3.1.37 Rated Load Capacity. The maxi- • Qualification Voltage. The

mum load, specified by the manufacturer, rated line voltage for which the
which can be lifted by the digger derrick at digger derrick has been actu-
regular intervals of load radius, boom angle ally tested.
and boom extension with specified options
installed and in consideration of stability 3.1.45 Winch Capacity. The maximum
requirements. Unless otherwise specified, force specified by the manufacturer that can
these loads are vertical. be pulled on the first layer of rope or cable
on the winch drum at rated hydraulic system
3.1.38 Shall. The use of the word “shall” pres-sure.
is to be understood as mandatory, and
having the same effect as “must” and “will”. 3.1.46 Winch Drum. The cylinder barrel,
along with end flanges, on which the winch
3.1.39 Should. The use of the word rope or cable is wound.
“should” is to be understood as advisory,
and having the same effect as “recom- 3.2 Nomenclature. To promote clear
mended”. communication between the manufacturer,
dealer, installer, user and operator, the
3.1.40 Stability. A condition of a mobile nomenclature presented in this section
unit in which the sum of the moments which should be used by the manufacturer, dealer,
tend to overturn the unit is less than the installer, renter, lessor and lessee in all
sum of the moments tending to resist publications concerning the digger derrick,
overturning. including:
3.1.41 Unloaded Vehicle Weight (UVW). (1) Operator’s Manual

The total weight of a completed vehicle unit (2) Service Manual
without payload. (3) Installation Manual
(4) Replacement Parts Manual
3.1.42 User. A person(s), or entity, who (5) Sales Specifications
has care, control and custody of the digger (6) Advertising Specifications
derrick. This person(s) or entity may also be
14

See Figure 1 Digger Derrick Nomen- Boom Tip Sheave (11): The sheave(s)
clature. located at the boom tip that carries the
winch line.
NOTE: Numbers in parentheses refer to
the corresponding numbers in Figure 1. Pole Guide (13): A mechanism located at
the intermediate or upper boom tip used for
Upper Controls (1): Those controls located guiding and stabilizing a pole.
in or near the optional platform.
Pole Guide Tilt Cylinder (14): The hy-
Platform (2): The optional personnel draulic cylinder that controls the attitude of
carrying component of a digger derrick, the pole guide.
such as a bucket, basket, stand or
equivalent device including the attachment Digger Hanger Bracket (15): The structural
means to the boom. member on the boom that supports the
digger.
Platform Pin (3): The horizontal pin that
attaches the platform to the digger derrick Digger (16): The mechanism that drives the
boom, and about which the platform rotates auger or screw anchor setting device.
with respect to the boom.
Auger (17): The hole boring tool attachment
Upper Boom Tip (4): The end of the boom on the digger.
farthest from the turntable.
Auger Stowage Bracket (18): The mech-
Extension Cylinder (5): The hydraulic anism that stores the digger and auger
cylinder(s) that extend and retract the assembly when it is not in use.
booms.
Lower Boom Winch (19): A winch located
Boom Pin (6): The horizontal shaft about at the base end of the lower boom.
which the boom pivots as it is raised or
lowered relative to the turntable. Lower Controls (20): The controls, either
remote, on the vehicle, on the turntable or
Lower Boom (7): The structural member on the pedestal, which are designed to
attached to the turntable that supports the operate the functions of the digger derrick.
extensible booms(s).
Pedestal (21): The stationary base that
Intermediate Boom(s) (8): Structural mem- affixes the rotation bearing of the digger
ber(s) that extend and are located between derrick to the vehicle.
the lower and upper booms.
Rotation Bearing (22): The rotating mem-
Upper Boom (9): The structural member ber of the digger derrick between the
that extends the farthest and supports the pedestal and the turntable that allows
boom tip, or optional platform(s), or both. slewing of the booms.
Winch Line (10): The load hoisting rope or Rotation (Slewing) Mechanism (23): The
cable. mechanism of a digger derrick that controls
rotation of the booms and turntable about
Boom Tip Winch (11): A winch located at the centerline of rotation.
the tip of an intermediate or upper boom.
Turntable (24): The structure above the
rotation bearing that supports the booms.
15

Turntable Winch (25): A winch located on

the turntable. NOTE: Letters and numbers in paren-
theses refer to the corresponding letters and
Lift Cylinder (26): The hydraulic cylinder(s) numbers in Figure 2, unless otherwise
that lifts or articulates the boom. noted.
Outriggers (27): The structural members 3.3.1 Sheave Height (Maximum

that are extended or deployed to assist in Extension) (A3): The height above ground
stabilizing the mobile unit. level of the centerline of the boom tip
sheave or winch with the boom at maximum
Outrigger Cylinder (28): The hydraulic extension and elevation; with the digger
cylinder that extends or deploys the out- derrick mounted on a 40 inch (101.6cm)
rigger. chassis height.
Outrigger Controls (29): The controls for 3.3.2 Sheave Height (Intermediate
operating the outriggers. Extension) (A2): The height above ground
level of the centerline of the boom tip
Boom Angle Indicator (30): A device that sheave or winch with the boom at maximum
indicates the angle between the boom and a elevation and the intermediate boom(s) fully
horizontal plane. extended; with the digger derrick mounted
on a 40 inch (101.6cm) chassis height.
Jib (31): An auxiliary boom that attaches to
the upper boom tip to extend the reach of 3.3.3 Sheave Height (Retracted) (A1):
the boom. The height above ground level of the
centerline of the boom tip sheave or winch
Rated Load Capacity Chart (32): A chart with the boom at maximum elevation and
that indicates the rated load capacity of the fully retracted; with the digger derrick
digger derrick in all positions specified by mounted on a 40 inch (101.6cm) chassis
the manufacturer or installer. height.
Remote Controls (33): Controls that are 3.3.4 Horizontal Reach (Maximum
not permanently attached to the mobile unit. Extension) (B3): The distance from the
centerline of rotation to the centerline of the
3.3 Specifications. To promote clear winch line load attachment point with the
communication between the manufacturer, boom horizontal and fully extended.
dealer, installer, renter, owner, lessor or
lessee, user and operator, the terminology 3.3.5 Horizontal Reach (Intermediate
presented in this section should be used by Extension) (B2): The distance from the
the manufacturer, dealer, installer, renter, centerline of rotation to the centerline of the
lessor or lessee in all publications winch line load attachment point with the
concerning the digger derrick including: boom horizontal and intermediate boom(s)
fully extended.
(1) Operator’s Manual
(2) Service Manual 3.3.6 Horizontal Reach (Retracted)
(3) Installation Manual (B1): The distance from the centerline of
(4) Replacement Parts Manual rotation to the centerline of the winch line
(5) Sales Specifications load attachment point with the boom
(6) Advertising Specifications horizontal and fully retracted.
See Figure 2. Digger Derrick Specifi- 3.3.7 Digging Radius (Maximum) (S2):
cations. The distance from the centerline of rotation
16

to the centerline of the auger with the boom 40 inches (101.6cm) for the purpose of
horizontal and digger positioned at maxi- establishing standard dimensions.]
mum reach.
3.3.17 Travel Height (Stowed) (J): The
3.3.8 Digging Radius (Minimum) (S1): overall height from level ground to the
The distance from the centerline of rotation highest point on the digger derrick when
to the centerline of the auger with the boom stowed for travel with the digger derrick
horizontal and digger positioned at minimum mounted on a 40 inch (101.6cm) chassis
reach. height.
3.3.9 Elevation (Above Horizontal) (a): 3.3.18 Digger Derrick C.G. (Horizontal)
The angular travel of the boom to maximum (K): The horizontal distance from the
elevation above horizontal. centerline of rotation to the center of gravity
of the digger derrick in the stowed position.
3.3.10 Elevation (Below Horizontal) (b):
The angular travel of the boom to maximum 3.3.19 Digger Derrick C.G. (Vertical)
depression below horizontal. (L): The vertical distance above the moun-
ting surface to the center of gravity of the
3.3.11 Turntable Rotation (c): The digger derrick in the stowed position.
range of turntable rotation, in either direc-
tion, expressed as a) continuous, or b) non- 3.3.20 Center of Rotation Location
continuous, specified in angular degrees. (Longitudinal) (H): The distance from the
rear axle centerline to the centerline of
3.3.12 Outrigger Height (C): The rotation of the turntable, measured along
distance from level ground to the bottom of the length of the chassis.
retracted outriggers, with the digger derrick
mounted on a 40 inch (101.6cm) chassis 3.3.21 Cab to Axle Dimension (CA):
height. The distance from the back of the cab to the
centerline of the rear axle. For tandem axle
3.3.13 Outrigger Spread (At Ground trucks, this is the distance from the back of
Level) (E): The distance between the outer the cab to the centerline of the tandem
edges on fixed pads, or between pins on suspension.
pivoted pads, of opposite outriggers resting
on level ground. 3.3.22 Wheelbase (WB): The distance
between the centerline of the front and rear
3.3.14 Outrigger Spread (At Maximum axles. For tandem axle trucks, this is the
Extension) (F): The distance between the distance from the centerline of the front axle
outer edges on fixed pads, or between pins to the centerline of the tandem suspension.
on pivoted pads of opposite outriggers when
fully extended. 3.3.23 Front Projection (FP): The maxi-
mum distance of any part of the digger
3.3.15 Outrigger Penetration (Below derrick forward of the front axle centerline
Ground Level) (D): The distance below when stowed for travel.
level ground that the outriggers can reach
when fully extended, with the digger derrick 3.3.24 Rear Projection (RP): The max-
on a 40 inch (101.6cm) chassis height. imum distance of any part of the digger
derrick behind the rear axle centerline when
3.3.16 Chassis Height (G): The height stowed for travel.
from level ground to the top of the chassis
frame rail. [This dimension is assumed to be 3.3.25 Load Radius (R): The horizontal
distance from the centerline of rotation to
17

the winch line load attachment point at any 3.4.4 Digger Derrick C.G. (Transverse)
boom position. (V): The distance from the centerline of
rotation measured laterally along the width
3.3.26 Rating Classification (P10): The of the vehicle, to the center of gravity of the
maximum load specified by the manu- digger derrick in the stowed (transport)
facturer, that may be lifted by the digger position.
derrick lift cylinder at a ten foot (3.1m) load
radius. This rating shall be the hydraulic and 3.4.5 Center of Rotation Location
structural capacity of the device without the (Transverse) (U): The distance from the
digger or other optional items installed, and longitudinal centerline of the vehicle to the
exclusive of stability requirements. centerline of rotation measured laterally
along the width of the vehicle.
3.3.27 Rated Capacity (P): The maxi-
mum load, specified by the manufacturer, 4. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
that can be lifted by the digger derrick at
regular intervals of load radius and boom 4.1 Basic Principles. The design and
angle, through the specified ranges of boom manufacture of the digger derrick shall
elevation and extension, with specified comply with the principles outlined in this
options installed, and exclusive of stability standard.
requirements.
4.2 Structural Safety Factors. Struc-
3.3.28 Digger Derrick Weight (W): tural elements of the digger derrick which
Weight of the digger derrick, without the support the load, or a platform, or material
digger or other options. carrying attachments, if so equipped, shall
have a design stress as stated herein. The
3.3.29 Stow Clearance (M): The vertical calculated design stress shall be based on
distance above the mounting surface of the the combined rated load capacity and
digger derrick to the lowest component weight of the support structure.
located on the boom with the boom
horizontal. For ductile material, the design stress shall
not be more than 50% of minimum yield
3.4 Mounting Positions. (See Fig- strength of the material.
ure 3.)
For brittle material and fiberglass reinforced
3.4.1 Center Mount Behind Cab: A plastic, the design stress shall not be more
mounting position that places the centerline than 20% of the minimum ultimate strength
of rotation on the longitudinal centerline of of the material.
the vehicle and at or near the back of the
vehicle cab. For chains, cables and components rated
according to ultimate strengths, the design
3.4.2 Rear Mount: A mounting position load shall not be more than 20% of the
that places the centerline of rotation on the ultimate strength.
longitudinal centerline of the vehicle and at
or near the rear axle(s) of the vehicle. Some components that have been qualified
by test and or acceptable design criteria
3.4.3 Corner Mount: A mounting posi- shall be considered as providing equivalent
tion that places the centerline of rotation at levels of safety. Examples include gears,
or near the rear axle(s) of the vehicle and gearboxes and threaded fasteners.
laterally offset from the longitudinal center-
line of the vehicle.
18

The analysis shall consider the effects of 4.3.3 Upper Controls. Upper controls
stress concentration and dynamic loading are required when the digger derrick is
and operation on a 10% slope. equipped with platform(s) and used to
transport a worker to an elevated position to
The analysis shall also consider the effects perform work on energized conductors or
of ambient temperature in the temperature equipment. Additionally, when the digger
range for which the manufacturer has derrick is used with the platform(s)
designed the digger derrick. occupied, the pole guide and digger (if
installed) shall be rendered inoperable.
The analysis shall consider loads produced
during travel. Upper controls, when installed, shall be
readily accessible to the operator. When a
4.3 Controls. platform or platforms are installed, control
operation from the platform(s) shall be
4.3.1 General. All controls shall be accomplished with reasonable ease and
clearly identified as to their function and without the need to disconnect the fall
protected from damage and unintentional protection system. In order to prevent
actuation. The controls for boom position, unintentional actuation of the boom
digger, pole handling, winch operation and positioning controls at the platform, the use
platform movement shall return to their of an unlocking or enabling device shall
neutral position and stop the operation of precede the use of the control itself. The
the function when released by the operator. device shall return to the locked or neutral
position when the operator releases the
4.3.2 Lower Controls. All lower con- control. The device may be incorporated
trols used during digger derrick operation into each control.
shall be located within easy reach of the
operator while standing or seated at the 4.3.4 Remote Controls. Remote con-
control station. trols may be provided for the operation of
any function, with the exception of the
To minimize chances of the operator being mobile drive unit.
exposed to step and touch potentials should
the digger derrick contact energized over- On insulated units, the remote controls
head lines, the digger derrick lower control operating these functions, above and
station(s) shall be installed in such a including rotation, shall be insulated from
location that the operator is not placed in the mobile unit.
the electrical path between the unit and the
ground. When remote controls are used as upper
controls, in order to prevent unintentional
When dual stationary lower controls are pro- actuation of the boom positioning functions,
vided, the sequence of controls relative to the use of an unlocking or enabling device
the operator shall be the same in each shall precede the use of the control itself.
location. The device shall return to the locked or
neutral position when the operator releases
Lower controls shall provide a means for the control. The device may be incorporated
overriding the digger derrick boom position- into each control.
ing and winch operation upper controls, if so
equipped, provided the upper control When remote controls are used as upper
system is installed and intact. The override controls the pole guide and digger (if
mode shall maintain its function while installed) shall be rendered inoperable.
unattended.
19

4.3.5 Emergency Stop. 4.4.3 Outrigger Security. Outriggers

shall be designed to remain retracted during
4.3.5.1 Lower Controls. An additional travel.
control shall be provided at the lower
controls to affect an emergency stop of the 4.5 Stability.
powered lower control functions. These
controls shall be permanently marked and 4.5.1 Stability for Digger Derrick Use.
shall not require continuous actuation for a A stability test shall be conducted on each
stop condition. The override control may be completed mobile unit. The test shall be
used as an emergency stop provided it is conducted with the completed, unloaded
clearly identified as an “emergency stop”. vehicle on a firm level surface. The stability
shall be such that the load capacities do not
4.3.5.2 Upper Controls. An additional exceed 85% of the load required to tip the
control shall be provided at the platform, if mobile unit to the point of instability.
so equipped, to affect an emergency stop of
the powered upper control functions. The 4.5.2 Stability for Platform Use. If the
control shall be permanently marked and digger derrick is equipped with a personnel
shall not require continuous actuation for a platform(s), a stability test shall be conduc-
stop condition. ted on each completed mobile unit, without
payload, to ensure compliance with the
4.3.5.3 Remote Controls. An additional stability requirements of ANSI/SIA A92.2.
control shall be provided for remote
controls, if so equipped, to affect an 4.5.3 Stability for Combined Platform
emergency stop of the powered remote and Material Handling Use. If the digger
control functions. This control shall be derrick is equipped with a personnel
permanently marked and shall not require platform(s) and a simultaneous material
continuous actuation for a stop condition. handling device as specified by the user, a
The override control may be used as an stability test shall be conducted on each
emergency stop provided it is clearly completed mobile unit, without payload. The
identified as an “emergency stop”. test must comply with the stability require-
ments of ANSI/SIA A92.2 for rated platform
4.3.6 Outrigger Controls. When the capacity and simultaneous rated material
digger derrick is equipped with outrigger handling capacity.
controls, these controls shall be guarded to
protect against unintentional operation, and The material handling capacity shall be
shall return to neutral when released by the limited to a load that, when combined with
operator. The controls shall be located so the personnel platform capacity, will not
that the operator can see the outrigger exceed the maximum total load as limited
being operated. by the structural and stability requirements
of ANSI/SIA A92.2. The manufacturer or the
4.4 Travel Securing Devices. installer shall provide a rated load capacity
chart, based upon combined use, and a
4.4.1 Boom Securing Device. Digger boom angle indicator, both visible to the
derricks shall be designed to ensure that the operator at the platform.
boom(s) remain in the cradled position
when in transport. 4.5.4 Effects of Stability Test. The
stability tests described in 4.5.1, 4.5.2 and
4.4.2 Platform Security. Platforms 4.5.3 shall not produce instability of the
shall be designed to withstand vibration and mobile unit or cause permanent deformation
shock loading during travel. of any component. During the stability test,
the lifting of a tire(s) or outrigger(s) on the
20

opposite side of the load does not neces- barrel bases, head glands and rod eyes,
sarily indicate a condition of instability. shall be secured against rotation by means
of a suitable locking device.
4.6 Bursting Safety Factors. All
hydraulic components whose failure could 4.7.5 Hydraulic Pressure Rise. A
result in motion of the load, or platform(s) or means shall be provided to limit pressure
both shall have a minimum bursting strength rise due to factors such as thermal expan-
of at least four times the operating pressure sion of hydraulic fluid and leakage that
for which the system is designed. could result in stresses that exceed the yield
strength of the material.
All other hydraulic components normally
rated according to bursting strength, such 4.8 System Protection. Where the
as hose, tubing and fittings, shall have a operation of the digger derrick is accom-
minimum bursting strength of at least three plished by hydraulic means, the system
times the operating pressure for which the shall be equipped with appropriate devices
system is designed. to prevent uncontrolled movement in the
event of hydraulic line failure.
All other hydraulic components normally
rated according to performance criteria, This requirement does not apply to properly
such as rated flow and pressure, life cycles, guarded metallic tubing installed between a
pressure drop, rpm, torque and speed, shall holding device and the cylinder.
have a minimum bursting strength of at
least two times the operating pressure for Where the operation of the digger derrick is
which the system is designed. Such accomplished electrically, the system shall
components generally include pumps, be designed to prevent motion in the event
motors, directional controls and similar of power loss.
functional components.
4.9 Relief Valves. Hydraulic relief
4.7 Hydraulic Cylinders. valves utilized to limit maximum pressure
developed within the hydraulic system shall
4.7.1 Safety Factors. Cylinder compo- have pressure settings of sufficient magni-
nents subjected to hydraulic pressure shall tude to provide the capabilities of operation
comply with the requirements of Section under rated capacity condition. Means shall
4.6. All other components of the cylinder be provided in each hydraulic circuit to
shall comply with Section 4.2. check pressure settings.
4.7.2 Column Load. The maximum 4.10 Platforms.

load on any cylinder at the rated load
capacity of the digger derrick in any position 4.10.1 Guardrail System. Platforms
shall not exceed one half of the load that other than buckets or baskets shall include
would cause permanent deformation. a guardrail system.
4.7.3 External Load. Stresses calcu- (1) The guardrail system shall
lated for load carrying components shall include a top rail around its upper
include the additive effects of both external periphery. The top rail shall be 42
and internal forces, such as those resulting inches (1067mm) high, plus or
from hydraulic pressure. minus three inches (76mm) above
the platform surface, designed to
4.7.4 Threaded Components. All withstand 300 pounds of force
threaded members used to secure critical (1335 N) in any direction.
components such as hydraulic pistons,
21

(2) The guardrail system shall insulating. Insulating liners for these baskets
include at least one rail approx- shall be constructed from non-conductive
imately midway between the top materials and tested in accordance with
rail and the platform surface, de- Section 5.4.2.2. The liner shall be supported
signed to withstand 300 pounds of by the inside bottom surface of the basket.
force (1335 N) in any direction. These non-insulating baskets shall not have
drain holes or access openings.
(3) The platform shall include
toeboards or kickplates on all 4.10.4.2 Non-Insulating Buckets or Bas-
sides. The minimum toeboard or kets Designed for Use Without Liners.
kickplate height shall be four These non-insulating baskets may be
inches (102mm). Toeboards or constructed from conductive or non-
kickplates may be omitted at the conductive materials. The basket shall be
access opening. identified as non-insulating. These non-
insulating baskets may have drain holes
(4) The configuration of the dig- and/or access openings.
ger derrick platform shall include
access for personnel entering the 4.10.4.3 Insulating Baskets or Buckets.
platform when it is in the lowered Insulating baskets shall be constructed from
position or stowed. Access steps non-conductive materials and shall have no
or rungs shall have a slip resistant drain holes or access openings. Insulating
surface. Flexible materials such baskets shall be tested in accordance with
as cables, chains, or rope may be the dielectric tests for liners in Section
used across access opening(s) not 5.4.2.2.
more than 30 inches (762mm)
wide. 4.10.4.4 Dimensions. Baskets or buckets
shall conform to the inside dimensions
4.10.2 Ladder Type. Ladder type plat- shown in Figure 4.
forms are permissible.
4.11 Markings.
4.10.3 Attachment for Fall Protection.
An anchor whose design is capable of 4.11.1 Type of Markings. A digger der-
supporting a static load of 5,000 pounds rick shall have the following markings:
(2273kg) shall be provided for appropriate
fall protection for an occupant of the (1) Identification Markings
platform and increased by a factor of 0.2 (2) Operational Markings
(20%) for each additional occupant. If (3) Instructional Markings
separate anchors are used for each occu-
pant, each anchor shall be capable of 4.11.2 Design of Markings. Color, for-
supporting a static load of 5,000 pounds mat and substance shall conform to the
(2273kg). The strength requirements shall following Standards:
only apply to the anchorage(s) and their
attachment to the digger derrick. ANSI Z535.1, Safety Color Code
4.10.4 Buckets or Baskets. ANSI Z535.3, Criteria for Safety Symbols
4.10.4.1 Non-Insulating Buckets or Bas- ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and
kets Designed for Use With Insulating Labels
Liners. These non-insulating baskets shall
be constructed from non-conductive mater-
ials. The basket shall be identified as non-
22

4.12 Load Hoist. 3.5:1. For synthetic-type ropes and rotation-

resistant-type steel wire ropes the average
4.12.1 Capacity. The load hoist winch breaking strength shall not be less than five
shall be capable of performing all load times the maximum specified working load.
hoisting and lowering functions required,
either with single line or with multi-part line, 4.14 Rotation (Slewing) Mechanism.
to meet the rated capacity.
4.14.1 Capacity. The rotation (slewing)
4.12.2 Braking Means. The load hoist mechanism shall be capable of smooth
winch shall be equipped with a braking starts and stops, with controlled acceler-
means of sufficient mechanical and thermal ation and deceleration, and shall be capable
capacity to suspend and control the of rotating the rated capacity up or down a
lowering of the rated capacity. The braking 10% slope.
means shall be provided with adjustments
or be self-adjusting to compensate for wear. 4.14.2 Braking Means. A braking means,
with holding capability in both directions,
4.12.3 Drum Capacity. Winch drums capable of holding the boom with the rated
shall have sufficient rope capacity with capacity on a 10% slope, shall be provided.
maximum recommended rope size. Winch
rope length shall be sufficient to provide no 5. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, DE-
less than four full wraps for synthetic type VICES AND TEST PROCEDURES
rope and two full wraps for wire rope on the
drum when the load attachment point is on 5.1 Electrical Specifications.
the ground with the boom and all optional
jibs at maximum extension and elevation. 5.1.1 Insulation. The digger derrick
manufacturer shall state in the manual and
4.12.4 Drum Diameter. The lower boom on the instruction plate(s) whether the
or turntable winch drum shall provide a first digger derrick is insulating or non-insulating.
layer wire rope pitch diameter of no less Insulated digger derricks are designed and
than eighteen times the nominal diameter of manufactured for work in which the fiber-
the wire rope used. Drums and sheaves glass boom is not considered primary
used with synthetic-type rope should have a insulation, but secondary, such as that
diameter of no less than eight times the using insulating (rubber) gloves. Isolation or
rope diameter. bonding of the conductive components at
the platform end is not a requirement.
4.12.5 Boom Tip Components. Due to Insulating digger derricks are designed for
the unique nature of boom tip winches, qualification testing and operation at rated
sheaves, rollers and jib sheaves, the line voltages of 46 kV (rms) and below.
diameter of these optional devices shall
have a drum-to-rope diameter ratio selected NOTE: Insulating digger derricks do not
by the manufacturer. protect personnel from phase to phase or
phase to ground contacts at the platform
4.13 Ropes. end.
4.13.1 Construction. Ropes shall be of NOTE: Only personal protective equipment

the construction recommended by the rope (for example: insulating (rubber) gloves, hot
manufacturer for the service intended. sticks, cover up materials, etc.) shall be
considered primary insulation. The personal
4.13.2 Design Factor. The design factor protective equipment used in recognized
for steel wire ropes that wind on drums or line working procedures under the ANSI/
travel over sheaves shall not be less than IEEE C2, National Electrical Safety Code,
23

shall be the only reliable means of primary

protection. 5.3.3 Quality Assurance Test. The
manufacturer shall perform an electrical test
5.2 Electrical Requirements. on each insulating digger derrick to a
Qualification voltage as per Section 5.4.2.
5.2.1 Insulated Systems. All compo-
nents crossing the insulated portions of the 5.3.4 Periodic Electrical Test. Each
digger derrick shall have electrical insulating insulating digger derrick shall be periodically
values consistent with the design voltage electrically tested in accordance with
rating of the fiberglass boom. The insulating Section 5.4.3 to verify the dielectric resis-
system shall maintain the electrical tivity and detect conductivity changes in its
insulating values in all working boom insulating sections.
positions as defined by the manufacturer.
5.3.5 Before Use (Frequent) Test.
NOTE: Winch ropes are not insulated. Each insulating digger derrick may be
electrically tested before use (frequently) in
5.2.2 Vacuum Prevention Systems. accordance with paragraph 5.4.3.1(5)(c) to
Insulating digger derricks with a sheave measure boom current from phase con-
height or platform height greater than 50 ductor to ground.
feet (15.3m) with insulated hydraulic lines,
which cross the insulating portions, shall 5.4 Electrical Test Procedures.
have a method to prevent vacuum formation
in such lines that may result in reduction in 5.4.1 General. These specific electrical
dielectric strength. test procedures are designed to ensure
consistency in testing practices. Sound
5.3 Electrical Tests for Insulating engineering practices must be utilized when
Digger Derricks. designing electrical testing programs to
maintain the dielectric integrity of insulating
5.3.1 Design Voltage Test. The manu- digger derricks.
facturer shall perform a test as per Section
5.4.2 on a prototype digger derrick, to verify 5.4.2 Design, Qualification, and Qual-
the line voltage for which the digger derrick ity Assurance Test Procedures.
has been designed.
5.4.2.1 Test Procedure.
5.3.2 Qualification Test. Each insu-
lating digger derrick shall be tested in (1) Bonding. All metal at the
accordance with Section 5.4.2 to ensure upper boom tip of the insulating
compliance with the Electrical Qualification boom section shall be electrically
requirements as appropriate. If the digger bonded during the test.
derrick is altered or modified by the installer
after the Qualification Test is performed, the (2) Winch Line. No winch line
original Qualification Test is not valid. shall bridge the insulating fiber-
glass boom section during the test.
NOTE: Alteration or modification includes
such things as additions of an additional (3) Hydraulic Lines. All hydraulic
platform, a jib, a winch, or other auxiliary lines crossing the insulating boom
devices and other alterations. The installer section shall be completely filled
should also be cautioned that addition of with oil during the test.
devices shall be with written approval of the
manufacturer in order that the requirement (4) Metal Booms. All metal
for design testing is met. booms should be shunted to
24

assure good continuity. If good (2) Winch Line. No winch line

continuity across the boom is in shall bridge the insulating fiber-
doubt, shunting is required. glass boom section during the test.
(5) Test Criteria. The digger (3) Hydraulic Lines. All hydraulic
derrick shall be tested upon an lines crossing the insulating boom
insulated vehicle or an insulated section shall be completely filled
test stand. When testing the with oil during the test.
complete mobile unit, it shall be
tested as shown in Figure 5. The (4) Metal Booms. All metal
test voltage shall be applied to the booms should be shunted to
metal assembly at the upper boom assure good continuity. If good
tip of the insulated boom, and the continuity across the boom is in
lower end of the boom assembly doubt, shunting is required. (See
shall be connected by a coaxial Figure 5).
cable to ground through a current
meter. The unit shall be tested at (5) One of the following tests
100 kV rms 60 Hz for three shall be performed:
minutes and the current meter
shall not read more than one (a) With adequate test
milliampere. facilities, the mobile unit shall
be insulated from all paths to
(6) Documentation. The test ground as shown in Figure 5
configuration and the current and shall be connected
measured for the rated voltage test through a coaxial cable to a
shall be documented as part of the current meter and then to
Qualification Data. ground. Booms shall be posi-
tioned as shown in Figure 5
5.4.2.2 Test Procedure for Insulating and extended according to
Platform Liners. Platform liners used for the manufacturer’s require-
insulation shall be tested in a conductive ments for operation as an
liquid. The liquid level around both the inner insulated digger derrick. The
and outer surfaces of the liner shall be digger derrick shall be tested
within six inches (152mm) of the top of the according to the voltage,
liner. The liner shall withstand a minimum allowable current leakage,
of 50 kV 60 Hz for one minute without and time shown in Table 1.
flashover or breakdown through the
material. (b) With adequate test
facilities, the mobile unit shall
5.4.3 Periodic Maintenance Test Pro- be grounded, and direct cur-
cedures. rent tests conducted with a
current meter connected
5.4.3.1 Test Procedures. between the voltage source
and the unit. With the booms
(1) Bonding. All metal at the positioned as shown in
upper boom tip of the insulating Figure 5A, and extended
boom section shall be electrically according to the manufac-
bonded during the test. turer’s requirements for oper-
ation as an insulated digger
derrick the unit shall be
tested with a direct current
25

test according to the DC on a frequent basis to meet

voltage, allowable current the Periodic Test require-
leakage, and time shown in ment. This test may be used
Table 1. as the Periodic Test when
the voltage is at least double
that of any circuit on which
Table 1 the digger derrick is to be
Electrical Test Values for used, but not exceeding the
Periodic/Maintenance of an Insulated Qualification Voltage of the
Digger Derrick digger derrick.
60 Hertz Test (rms) 5.4.3.2 Test Procedures for Insulating

Maximum Liners. One of the following tests shall be
Voltage Allowable performed:
Time
40 kV Current
1 Minute (1) Platform liners used for insu-
400
microamperes lation shall be tested in a con-
Direct Current Test ductive liquid. The liquid level
Maximum around both the inner and outer
Allowable surfaces of the liner shall be within
Voltage Time six inches (152mm) of the top of
Current
56 kV 3 Minutes the liner. The liner shall withstand
56
microamperes a minimum of 35 kV 60 Hz for one
minute or 100 kV DC for three
minutes without flashover or
(c) In the field and with the breakdown through the material.
vehicle grounded, a fused
and protected ammeter shall (2) Alternate test method for
be placed between the high platform liner is as follows: The
voltage line and the bonded entire surface inside and outside to
metal fitting at the platform. within six inches (152mm) of the
A shunting arrangement shall top of the liner may be tested
be used while engaging or using other conductive electrodes
disengaging from the power such as wet cellulose sponge, wet
line. The ammeter should be cloth towels or metal foil. The
shielded from any stray elec- electrodes shall adhere closely to
trical currents, and should the inside and outside surface.
give the measurement of any Each side and the bottom of the
leakage current across the liner may be tested one surface at
boom and controls, or any a time if the procedure ensures
capacitive currents involved that the area in all corners is
from the platform to ground, tested. (For testing the bottom of
or both. The minimum volt- the liner, the user may find it
age of the test line should be easier to use a mix of electrode
that of any circuit on which materials such as a conductive
the digger derrick is to be liquid for the inside electrode and a
used. The duration of the test wet cellulose sponge, wet cloth
shall be three minutes. Cur- towels or metal foil for the outside
rent shall not exceed 30 electrode). The liner shall with-
microamperes per kV AC. stand a minimum of 35 kV 60 Hz
This test shall be performed for one minute, or 100 kV DC for
26

three minutes without flashover or (5) The yield strength of the

puncture of liner wall. vehicle frame.
5.5 Electrical Test Equipment. The (6) The frame resisting bending
test equipment shall meet the requirements moment (RBM).
of IEEE Std 4, IEEE Standard Techniques
for High-Voltage Testing. Voltage meas- (7) The wheelbase dimension
uring systems that provide AC rms may also (WB).
be used. The metering systems including
measurement cable used to measure AC (8) The rear of cab to rear axle
current shall have a system accuracy of five centerline dimension (CA).
percent or better.
(9) The minimum axle weights of
5.6 Electrical Certification. The the mobile unit required for sta-
Qualification Test required under Section bility.
5.3.2 shall be documented by the entity
performing such, with a certified report 6.2.2 Digger Derrick Specifications.
provided to the purchaser upon their
request. 6.2.2.1 General. The digger derrick man-
ufacturer shall clearly state in the manual
6. RESPONSIBILITIES OF MANU- and on the digger derrick the following
FACTURERS information:
6.1 General Responsibilities. Each (1) Make and model.

manufacturer of a digger derrick covered by
this standard shall comply with all (2) Serial number.
requirements of Section 4 for Design,
Section 5 where related to a Manufacturer (3) Year of manufacture.
and the requirements of this section.
(4) Insulated or non-insulated.
6.2 Specifications.
(5) Maximum pressure of the
6.2.1 Vehicle Specifications. The dig- hydraulic system and voltage of
ger derrick manufacturer shall provide to the the electrical control system.
installer the minimum values, as applicable,
for the following characteristics of vehicles (6) Cautions and restrictions of
required to provide a stable and structurally operation, including the applicable
sound vehicle for the digger derrick: ambient temperature range in
which the digger derrick may be
(1) The front gross axle weight used.
rating (GAWR front).
(7) Rated Load Capacity (see
(2) The rear gross axle weight Section 3.1).
rating (GAWR rear).
(8) Platform capacity.
(3) The gross vehicle weight
rating (GVWR). (9) Multiple configurations.
(4) The frame section modulus. (10) Compliance with ANSI/ASSE

A10.31.
27

6.2.2.2 Digger Derrick Component digger derrick. Two parts and maintenance
Ratings. Digger Derrick components shall manuals, either hard copy or electronic
be rated in the following terms. format, shall be provided for each digger
derrick. The manuals shall contain:
(1) Winch Capacity (see Section
3.1). (1) Descriptions, specifications
and ratings of the digger derrick.
(2) Winch Line (see Section 3.2).
Manufacturers should recommend (2) Operating instructions for the
the size, length, type and average digger derrick and its auxiliary
breaking strength of the rope for systems.
use with the winch.
(3) Precautions relating to multi-
(3) Rating Classification (see ple configurations such as person-
3.3.26). nel platforms, jibs, etc.
(4) Rated Capacity (see 3.3.27). (4) Instructions regarding routine

and frequency of recommended
(5) Platform Capacity (see Sec- maintenance.
tion 3.1).
(5) Replacement part informa-
(6) Digger Rating. The manufac- tion.
turer shall specify, for each speed
range: (6) Instructional markings, per
6.5.4.
(a) Running Torque
(b) Rotation Speed in RPM (7) Facsimiles of all safety and
at Rated Hydraulic Flow operating decals and their location.
(c) Rated Hydraulic Flow
(d) Rated Hydraulic Pres- (8) Notice of the requirements of
sure dealers, installers, owners, users,
operators, renters, lessors and
6.2.2.3 Design Voltage and Qualifica- lessees to comply with the appro-
tion Voltage. If the digger derrick is the priate section(s) of this standard.
insulating type, the manufacturer shall state
the design and qualification voltage in the 6.5 Markings. The digger derrick shall
manual and on the identification plate(s). have identification, operation and instruction
placards, decals, plates or the equivalent,
NOTE: Section 5 details the procedures for which are legible and readily visible. In no
Electrical Requirements. event shall markings be applied which
reduce the insulating properties of the
6.3 Quality Assurance. The manu- digger derrick. Markings on the digger
facturer shall have a documented quality derrick may refer to unit manuals for
assurance program that will ensure compli- additional identification, operation and
ance with this standard. instructional material.
6.4 Manuals. The manufacturer shall 6.5.1 Application of Markings. The

provide a separate operator’s manual and a manufacturer shall install on each digger
separate parts/maintenance manual for derrick the markings or provide these
each digger derrick. Two hard copy markings with appropriate installation
operator’s manuals shall accompany each instructions.
28

6.5.4 Instructional Markings. Mark-

6.5.2 Identification Markings. The ings shall be determined by the manu-
manufacturer shall install or provide an facturer or the manufacturer and user jointly
identification plate(s) to indicate the fol- to indicate hazards inherent in the operation
lowing minimum information. of a digger derrick. Instructional markings
shall be provided for:
(1) Make
(1) Electrical hazards involved in
(2) Model the operation of the machine to
warn that:
(3) Insulated or Non-Insulated
(a) A digger derrick does
(4) Qualification voltage and not provide protection to plat-
date of test form occupant(s) from con-
tact with, or in proximity to,
(5) Serial Number electrically charged equip-
ment, conductor or other
(6) Year of Manufacture components when the plat-
form occupant(s) is in contact
(7) Rated Load Capacity with, or in proximity to,
another electrical compo-
(8) Digger derrick hydraulic sys- nent.
tem pressure or digger derrick
control system voltage, or both (b) A digger derrick in
proximity to energized con-
(9) Unit equipped with plat- ductors, including load line
form(s) and load being lifted, shall be
considered energized, and
(10) Unit equipped with jib and that contact with the digger
the rated capacity of the jib derrick, winch line, load
being lifted or vehicle
(11) Design Voltage (including attached trailers)
under those conditions may
(12) Minimum ambient temper- cause serious injuries.
ature for operation of the digger
derrick to maintain structural (2) Hazards resulting from failure
integrity to operate the equipment in a
prescribed manner.
(13) Name and Location of Man-
ufacturer (3) Information related to the use
and load rating of the equipment
(14) Installer for material handling.
6.5.3 Operational Markings. The man- (4) Information related to the use
ufacturer shall install or provide markings and load rating of the digger
describing the function of each control and a derrick for multiple configurations.
boom angle indicator readable from the
lower control station(s). (See Appendix A (5) Information warning the oper-
for recommended symbols for control ator that winch lines are not
functions.) insulated.
29

(6) Information related to oper- 6.8 Installation Instructions. The

ator cautions. manufacturer shall provide instruction for
installing or mounting the digger derrick to
(7) Notice of the requirement to the installer.
comply with the appropriate
section(s) of this standard. 6.9 Welding. All welds whose failure
could result in uncontrolled motion of the
6.6 Mechanical Tests and Inspec- digger derrick shall meet the ANSI/AWS
tion. D1.1/D1.1M, Structural Welding Code-Steel,
and ANSI/AWS D1.2/D1.2M, Structural
6.6.1 Operational Tests. In addition to Welding Code-Aluminum. The manufacturer
the manufacturer’s prototype tests and shall establish applicable welding quality
quality assurance measures, each digger assurance procedures for all weldments.
derrick, including mechanisms, shall be Methods of non-destructive testing shall be
tested by the manufacturer to the extent described in the manufacturer's quality
necessary to ensure compliance with the assurance procedures. The manufacturer
operational requirements of this section. shall designate in an appropriate manual
Some examples are: the welds to be examined, the extent of the
examination and the method of test. If non-
(1) Boom(s) Elevating and Low- destructive testing is designated, the parti-
ering Mechanism cular method used shall be in accordance
with ANSI/AWS B1.10, Guide for the Non-
(2) Boom Extension Mechanism Destructive Inspection of Welds.
(3) Rotating Mechanism 6.10 Training and Training Materials.

Manufacturers shall develop and offer
(4) Stability Tests training materials that aid dealers, owners,
installers and users in the operation,
(5) Safety Devices inspection, testing and maintenance of the
digger derrick.
(6) Load Hoisting and Lowering
Mechanism 7. RESPONSIBILITIES OF DEAL-
ERS AND INSTALLERS
(7) Auger Drive and Stowage
Mechanism 7.1 General Responsibilities. Each
dealer or installer as applicable shall comply
When the manufacturer does not complete with the requirements of this section.
the mobile unit, such tests, which can be
performed only after complete assembly 7.2 Vehicle Specifications. Each
and installation, shall be the responsibility of dealer or installer, or both, who sells a
the installer. digger derrick shall inform the owner or
user, or both, of the manufacturer’s
6.6.2 Visual Inspection. A visual minimum vehicle specifications.
inspection of the finished unit shall be made
to determine that the operational tests have 7.3 Vehicle Weight Distribution.
not produced an adverse effect. The installer shall be responsible for the
weight distribution of the completed mobile
6.7 Electrical Tests. Insulating digger unit in accordance with the requirements of
derricks shall be tested in accordance with the digger derrick and the applicable regu-
the requirements of Section 5. lations. Allowance shall be made for the
30

weight of readily removable tools and installing a digger derrick on a

material specified by the user. chassis that is a highway vehicle.
7.4 Manuals. Upon delivery of the (6) Certification as a manufac-

equipment to the owner or user, the dealer turer (alteration, intermediate or
or installer shall provide the manuals as final) of a motor vehicle under the
required by Paragraph 6.4 of this standard Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
and manuals for auxiliary equipment added Standards is required.
by the installer.
7.6 Quality Assurance. The installer
7.5 Installations. The installer shall shall have a documented quality assurance
comply with Sections 5 and 6 of this program that will ensure compliance with
standard relating to proper installation and this standard.
shall follow the instructions of the
manufacturer. In the event the original 7.7 Welding. All welds made by the
manufacturer no longer exists, an equiva- installer, whose failure could result in motion
lent entity may provide these instructions. of the digger derrick, shall meet the
The installer of a digger derrick shall meet Structural Welding Code ANSI/AWS
the following requirements before the D1.1/D1.1M and ANSI/AWS D1.2/D1.2M.
mobile unit is placed in operation: The installer shall establish applicable
welding quality assurance procedures for all
(1) Complete successful stability welded joints and assemblies. If non-
tests in accordance with the destructive testing is designated, the
requirements of 4.5.1, 4.5.2 and particular method used shall be in
4.5.3. accordance with ANSI/AWS B1.10.
(2) Complete operational and 7.8 Training. The dealer or installer

visual tests in accordance with the shall offer training or training materials that
requirements of 6.6.1 and 6.6.2. aid owners, renters, lessors or lessees and
users in the operation, inspection, testing
(3) Complete appropriate elec- and maintenance of the digger derrick. This
trical tests required in 5.4.3 of this training or training materials shall be offered
standard. For insulated digger initially and subsequently on request.
derricks, the installer shall assure
conformance to the Qualification 7.9 Dealer or Installer as User.
test requirements of 5.3.2, either Whenever a dealer or installer directs
by obtaining certification of the test personnel to operate a digger derrick
and performing a periodic test after (inspecting, sales demonstrations or any
installation, or by performing the form of use), the dealer or installer shall
Qualification test. assume the responsibilities of users as
specified in Section 9 of this standard. All
(4) Measure and post the travel personnel authorized to operate the digger
height of the mobile unit in a derrick shall have been trained.
location that is readily visible to the
vehicle operator. 7.10 Rated Load Capacity Charts.
Upon completion of the stability test(s), as
(5) Comply with all requirements required in Section 4.5.1, the installer shall
of the applicable Federal Motor permanently attach appropriate rated load
Vehicle Safety Standards in effect capacity charts, visible to the operator at the
at the time of installation when controls. Rated load capacity charts shall
be provided by the manufacturer, or by the
31

installer at the specific instruction of the

manufacturer. The rated working load of the 8.2.3 Frequent Inspection and Test.
winch line may limit the maximum capacity Items determined by the owner in accor-
of the digger derrick. dance with the manufacturer’s recommen-
dations for each specific digger derrick shall
Rated load capacity charts shall include the be inspected for defects.
number of platforms, platform rating, the
options included and the winch line rated Prior to first use during each work shift the
working load (see Section 9.6). operator shall perform the following tests
and inspections:
8. RESPONSIBILITIES OF OWN-
ERS (1) Operating controls and asso-
ciated mechanisms for conditions
8.1 General Responsibilities. Each interfering with proper operation.
owner shall comply with the requirements of
this section. The following responsibilities (2) Visual and audible safety de-
pertain to the owner’s inspection, testing, vices for malfunction.
maintenance, modification, training and
transfer of ownership. These activities shall (3) Hydraulic or pneumatic sys-
be performed by a qualified person(s). tems for observable deterioration
or excessive leakage.
8.2 Inspection and Testing Classifi-
cations. (4) Fiberglass and other insula-
ting components for visible dam-
8.2.1 Initial Inspection and Test. Prior age or contamination.
to initial use, all new or modified mobile
units shall be inspected and tested to (5) Missing or illegible opera-
ensure compliance with the provisions of tional and instructional markings.
this standard. Verification by the manu-
facturer, the installer or an equivalent (6) Electrical systems of/or re-
entity(s), meets this requirement. lated to the digger derrick for
malfunction, signs of excessive
8.2.2 Regular Inspection and Test. deterioration, dirt and moisture
The inspection procedure for mobile units is accumulation.
divided into two classifications based upon
the intervals at which inspections and tests (7) Visual inspection of bolts,
shall be performed. The owner shall set pins, and other fasteners for loose,
intervals in accordance with the manufac- deformed or missing fasteners and
turer’s recommendations. Such intervals are other locking devices.
dependent upon component function and
exposure to wear and deterioration as well (8) Winch lines for any area of
as other agents that adversely affect gross damage or deterioration that
component life. Two classifications are would result in appreciable loss of
designated: original strength.
(1) Frequent Inspection and Any suspected items shall be carefully

Test. Daily (or at the start of each examined or tested and a determination
work shift) to monthly intervals. made by a qualified person as to whether
they constitute a safety hazard.
(2) Periodic Inspection and Test.
One to twelve month intervals.
32

All unsafe items shall be replaced or (9) Hydraulic and pneumatic

repaired before use. cylinders and holding valves for
malfunction and visible damage.
8.2.4 Periodic Inspection and Test.
An inspection of the mobile unit shall be (10) Hydraulic and pneumatic fil-
performed at the intervals defined in 8.2.2, ters for cleanliness and the pre-
depending upon its activity, severity of sence of foreign material in the
service and environment or as specifically system indicating other component
indicated below. (These inspections shall deterioration.
include the requirements of 8.2.3):
(11) Electrical systems and com-
(1) Structural members for de- ponents for deterioration or wear
formation, cracks or corrosion. including those not readily visible
on a frequent inspection.
(2) Parts, such as pins, bear-
ings, shafts, gears, rollers, locking (12) Performance test of all boom
devices, chains, chain sprockets, movements.
wire and synthetic ropes, and
sheaves for wear, cracks or (13) Condition and tightness of
distortion. bolts and other fasteners, as
specified by the manufacturer.
(3) Hydraulic and pneumatic
relief valve settings. (14) Welds, as specified by the
manufacturer.
(4) Hydraulic system for proper
oil level. (15) Legible and proper identifi-
cation, operational and instruct-
(5) Hydraulic and pneumatic fit- tional markings.
tings, hoses, and tubing for
evidence of leakage, abnormal (16) If the digger derrick is rated
deformation or excessive abrasion. as an insulated device, the elec-
trical insulating components and
(6) Compressors, pumps, mo- system(s) shall be thoroughly
tors and generators for loose inspected for lack of cleanliness
fasteners, leaks, unusual noises or and other conditions that com-
vibrations, loss of operating speed promise insulation.
and excessive heating.
(17) The digger derrick shall be
(7) Hydraulic and pneumatic tested for compliance with the
valves for malfunction and visible rating of the digger derrick in
cracks in the external valve hous- accordance with one of the appli-
ing, leaks and sticking spools. cable methods and procedures as
outlined in Section 5.4.3 of this
(8) Visually inspect any vacuum standard.
prevention systems and verify
function of such systems on digger (18) The digger derrick shall be
derricks that have a sheave height dielectrically tested after repair or
or platform height greater than modification of any component that
50 feet. crosses the insulating system(s) in
accordance with Section 5.4.3.
33

(19) An insulated replacement the digger derrick in accordance with the

boom shall be tested by the manufacturer’s recommendations and Sec-
supplier to ensure conformance to tion 8 of this standard.
Section 5.3.3 of this standard.
8.5 Modifications. No modifications
Any suspected items shall be carefully or additions that affect the stability,
examined or tested and a determination mechanical, hydraulic or electrical integrity
made by a qualified person as to whether or the safe operation of the digger derrick
they constitute a safety hazard. All unsafe shall be made without the written approval
items shall be replaced or repaired before of the manufacturer. If such modifications or
use. changes are made, the capacity, operation
and maintenance instruction markings shall
8.3 Inspection Records and Test be changed accordingly. In no case shall
Records. the safety factors be reduced below those
specified in this standard or below the
(1) Items to be inspected shall manufacturers design safety factors,
be designated to the operator or whichever are greater. Should the original
other authorized person making manufacturer no longer exist, an equivalent
frequent inspections. Records of entity may approve required modification.
frequent inspections need not be
made. However, where a safety 8.6 Weight Distribution. The owner
hazard is found, it shall be report- shall specify to the installer the payload and
ed in writing to a person respon- its distribution as well as complete vehicle
sible for the corrective action and specifications when the owner supplies the
that report and a record of the vehicle. Changes in loading or additions
correction shall be maintained for made to the mobile unit after the final
a period of five years, or as acceptance that affect weight distribution
required by applicable regulations. shall meet applicable regulations by
governmental agencies. In no case shall
(2) Written, dated and signed axle loads of the fully loaded vehicle exceed
reports and records shall be made the Gross Axle Weight Ratings (GAWR)
of periodic inspections and tests assigned by the manufacturer.
and retained for a period of five
years or as required by applicable Note: Any change in weight distribution
regulations. may adversely affect stability.
8.4 Maintenance. The owner shall 8.7 Transfer of Ownership. When a

determine maintenance and frequency of change in ownership of a digger derrick
maintenance in accordance with the occurs, it shall be the responsibility of the
manufacturer’s recommendations. Welding seller to provide the manufacturer's
repairs of components or welds, designated manual(s) for that digger derrick to the
as critical in the manufacturer’s manual, purchaser. It is the responsibility of the
shall be made in accordance with the purchaser to notify the manufacturer of the
manufacturers recommendations. Should unit model and serial number and the name
the original manufacturer no longer exist an and address of the new owner within 60
equivalent entity may determine the re- days.
quired procedure.
8.8 Markings. The markings on the
8.4.1 Maintenance Training. The own- digger derrick shall not be removed,
er shall provide training for maintenance defaced or altered. All missing or illegible
personnel in inspection and maintenance of markings shall be promptly replaced.
34

(5) Factors affecting stability.

8.9 Parts. When parts or components
are replaced they shall be identical in (6) The purpose of placards and
specification and function to the original decals.
digger derrick parts or components or shall
provide an equal or greater factor of safety. (7) Workplace inspection.
8.10 Safety Bulletins. Owners shall (8) Applicable safety rules and
comply with safety related bulletins as regulations, such as Part 4, ANSI/
received from the manufacturer, dealer or IEEE C2, National Electrical Safety
installer. Code (applies to utility workers as
defined in ANSI/IEEE C2). The
8.11 Manuals. The owner shall ensure above standard is an example;
that the operating manual(s) is stored on the other industries using digger
mobile unit. derricks have safety rules pertinent
to that industry.
8.12 Training, Retraining, and Famil-
iarization of Operators. (9) Authorization to operate.
8.12.1 Owner as a Renter or Lessor. (10) Operator warnings and in-

An owner functioning as a renter or lessor structions.
shall have the same responsibilities as
specified under Section 11 of this standard. (11) Actual operation of the digger
derrick. Under the direction of a
8.12.2 General Training. Only personnel qualified person, the trainee shall
who have received general instructions operate the digger derrick for a
regarding the inspection, application and sufficient period of time to demon-
operation of digger derricks, including strate proficiency in the actual
recognition and avoidance of hazards operation of the digger derrick.
associated with their operation, shall
operate a digger derrick. Such items (12) Proper use of personal fall
covered shall include, but not necessarily be protection equipment when the
limited to, the following issues and digger derrick is equipped with a
requirements: platform(s).
(1) The purpose and use of 8.12.3 Retraining. The operator shall be
manuals. retrained, when so directed by the user,
based on the user’s observation and eval-
(2) That operating manuals are uation of the operator.
an integral part of the digger
derrick and must be properly 8.12.4 Familiarization. When an opera-
stored on the vehicle when not in tor is directed to operate a digger derrick
use. they are not familiar with, the operator, prior
to operating, shall be instructed regarding
(3) A pre-start inspection. the following items and issues:
(4) Responsibilities associated (1) The location of the manuals.

with problems or malfunctions
affecting the operation of the (2) The purpose and function of
digger derrick. all controls.
35

(3) The safety devices and oper- (8) Applicable safety rules and
ating characteristics specific to the regulations, such as Part 4, ANSI/
digger derrick. IEEE C2, National Electrical Safety
Code (applies to utility workers as
9. RESPONSIBILITY OF USERS defined in ANSI/IEEE C2). The
above standard is an example;
9.1 General Responsibilities. Each other industries using digger
User shall comply with the requirements of derricks have safety rules pertinent
this section. to that industry.
9.2 Personnel. Only trained and (9) Authorization to operate.

authorized personnel shall be permitted to
operate the digger derrick. (10) Operator warnings and in-
structions.
9.3 Training, Retraining, and Famil-
iarization of Operators. (11) Actual operation of the digger
derrick. Under the direction of a
9.3.1 General Training. Only personnel qualified person, the trainee shall
who have received general instructions operate the digger derrick for a
regarding the inspection, application and sufficient period of time to demon-
operation of digger derricks, including strate proficiency in the actual
recognition and avoidance of hazards operation of the digger derrick.
associated with their operation, shall
operate a digger derrick. Such items (12) Proper use of personal fall
covered shall include, but not necessarily be protection equipment when the
limited to, the following issues and digger derrick is equipped with a
requirements: platform(s).
(1) The purpose and use of 9.3.2 Retraining. The operator shall be
manuals. retrained, when so directed by the user,
based on the user’s observation and
(2) That operating manuals are evaluation of the operator.
an integral part of the digger
derrick and must be properly 9.3.3 Familiarization. When an opera-
stored on the vehicle when not in tor is directed to operate a digger derrick
use. they are not familiar with, the operator, prior
(3) A pre-start inspection. the following items and issues:
(4) Responsibilities associated (1) The location of the manuals.

affecting the operation of the (2) The purpose and function of
digger derrick. all controls.
(5) Factors affecting stability. (3) Safety devices and operating

characteristics specific to the dig-
(6) The purpose of placards and ger derrick.
decals.
9.4 Application. The employer and
(7) Workplace inspection. assigned operator shall ensure that the
digger derrick is used only for intended
36

applications as defined in the operating digging holes, setting screw anchors or

manual, and that recognized safety prac- handling poles. When the platform is
tices are observed. occupied, the winch line of the digger
derrick shall only be used for raising or
9.5 Alterations. Altering or disabling lowering equipment to the worker’s position
of safety devices, guards or interlocks if so and material handling shall be limited in
equipped shall be prohibited. accordance with the manufacturer’s load
capacity chart provided for combined use.
9.6 Winch Line Rated Load. The Combined platform and material handling
user shall specify to the installer the winch load shall not exceed 3,000 pounds.
line rated working load to be noted on the
Rated Load Capacity Chart (see Section When operating a digger derrick with a
7.10). platform but no top controls, the operator
shall not leave the lower controls
10. RESPONSIBILITIES OF OPERA- unattended when personnel are aloft in the
TORS platform.
10.1 General Responsibilities. Each 10.3 Work Platform. The operator shall
operator shall comply with the requirements not use railings, planks, ladders or any other
of this section. device in or on the work platform for
achieving additional working height or
10.2 Operation. When operating the reach.
digger derrick from the lower controls, the
operator shall stand or sit at the control 10.4 Brakes. The vehicle parking
station provided. Operation of the lower brake(s) shall be set at all times that the
controls from any position other than boom is elevated.
prescribed control stations shall not be
permitted. Remote controls shall be used 10.5 Loading. Any loading which
such that the operator is not placed in the includes a horizontal load shall be avoided
electrical path between the unit and the unless the mobile unit is designed for that
ground. application.
During operation of the digger derrick all 10.6 Observations. Observations dur-
platform occupants shall use appropriate fall ing operation for any defects shall be con-
protection connected to the digger derrick at ducted on an ongoing basis.
the platform position.
10.6.1 Pre-Start Inspection. Items deter-
Operation of a digger derrick with platform mined by the owner in accordance with the
occupant(s) requires the use of capacities manufacturer’s recommendations for each
different from those of the rated load specific digger derrick shall be inspected for
capacity chart for the digger derrick. When defects prior to each day’s operation. The
operating a digger derrick with occupied operator shall perform the following tests
platform(s) and simultaneously using and inspections once daily, prior to first use:
material handling components, operation
shall be in accordance with requirements for (1) Operating controls and asso-
combined use (see 4.5.3). ciated mechanisms for conditions
interfering with proper operation.
NOTE: Winch ropes are not insulated.
(2) Visual and audible safety de-
When operating a digger derrick with the vices for malfunction.
platform occupied, it shall not be used for
37

(3) Hydraulic or pneumatic sys- (6) Weather conditions.

tems for observable deterioration
or excessive leakage. (7) Presence of unauthorized
persons.
(4) Fiberglass and other insula-
ting components for visible dam- 10.8 Precautions. Before and during
age or contamination. each use the operator shall:
(5) Missing or illegible opera- (1) Check for overhead obstruc-

tional and instructional markings. tions and electrical conductors.
(6) Electrical systems of/or re- (2) Ensure that the load on the
lated to the digger derrick for platform and/or load lifting devices
malfunction, signs of excessive are in accordance with the
deterioration, dirt and moisture manufacturer's platform capacity
accumulation. and/or rated load capacity.
(7) Visual inspection of bolts, (3) Ensure that outriggers and

pins and other fasteners for loose, stabilizers are used if the manu-
deformed or missing fasteners and facturer's instructions require their
other locking devices. use.
(8) Winch lines for any area of (4) Use outrigger pads when
gross damage or deterioration that necessary to provide firm footing.
would result in appreciable loss of
original strength. (5) On units equipped with steel
type platforms, ensure that guard-
Any suspected items shall be carefully rails are properly installed and the
examined or tested and a determination gates are closed.
made by a qualified person as to whether
they constitute a safety hazard. All unsafe (6) When using a platform, en-
items shall be replaced or repaired before sure proper use of fall protection
use. equipment.
10.7 Worksite. Before the digger 10.9 Personnel. Only trained and
derrick is used the worksite shall be authorized personnel shall be permitted to
surveyed for hazards such as: operate the digger derrick.
(1) Untamped earth fills or soft 10.10 Training, Retraining and Famil-
ground. iarization of Operators.
(2) Ditches. 10.10.1 General Training. Only personnel

who have received general instructions
(3) Drop-offs and excessive regarding the inspection, application and
slopes. operation of digger derricks, including
recognition and avoidance of hazards
(4) Debris. associated with their operation, shall oper-
ate a digger derrick. Such items covered
(5) Overhead obstructions and shall include, but not necessarily be limited
electrical conductors. to, the following issues and requirements:
38

(1) The purpose and use of

manuals. 10.10.2 Retraining. The operator shall be
retrained, when so directed by the user,
(2) That operating manuals are based on the user’s observation and
an integral part of the digger evaluation of the operator.
derrick and must be properly
stored on the vehicle when not in 10.10.3 Familiarization. When an opera-
use. tor is directed to operate a digger derrick
they are not familiar with, the operator, prior
(3) A pre-start inspection. to operating, shall be instructed regarding
the following items and issues:
(4) Responsibilities associated
with problems or malfunctions (1) The location of the manuals.
affecting the operation of the
digger derrick. (2) The purpose and function of
all controls.
(5) Factors affecting stability.
(3) Safety devices and operating
(6) The purpose of placards and characteristics specific to the
decals. digger derrick.
(7) Workplace inspection. 11. RESPONSIBILITIES OF RENT-

ERS, LESSORS OR LESSEES
(8) Applicable safety rules and
regulations, such as Part 4, ANSI/ 11.1 General Responsibilities. Each
IEEE C2, National Electrical Safety renter or lessor or lessee shall comply with
Code (applies to utility workers as the requirements of the applicable section
defined in ANSI/IEEE C2). The or sections below.
above standard is an example;
other industries using digger 11.1.1 Lessor or Lessee as Dealer or
derricks have safety rules pertinent Installer. When a lessor or lessee uses the
to that industry. digger derrick as a dealer or installer they
shall have the same responsibilities as
(9) Authorization to operate. specified under Section 7 of this standard.
(10) Operator warnings and in- 11.1.2 Lessor or Lessee as Owner.

structions. When a lessor or lessee uses the digger
derrick as an owner they shall have the
(11) Actual operation of the digger same responsibilities as specified under
derrick. Under the direction of a Section 8 of this standard.
qualified person, the trainee shall
operate the digger derrick for a 11.1.3 Lessor or Lessee as User.
sufficient period of time to When a lessor or lessee uses the digger
demonstrate proficiency in the derrick as a user they shall have the same
actual operation of the digger responsibilities as specified under Section 9
derrick. of this standard.
(12) Proper use of personal fall 11.1.4 Lessor or Lessee as Operator.

protection equipment when the When a lessor or lessee uses the digger
digger derrick is equipped with a derrick as an operator they shall have the
platform(s).
39

same responsibilities as specified under (6) The purpose of placards and

Section 10 of this standard. decals.
11.2 Ownership Duties. The renter or (7) Workplace inspection.

lessor shall carry out the duties of owner-
ship specified in this standard, which are not (8) Applicable safety rules and
assigned to the renting entity or lessee as regulations, such as Part 4, ANSI/
the user. IEEE C2, National Electrical Safety
Code (applies to utility workers as
11.3 Obligations. Upon delivery each defined in ANSI/IEEE C2). The
renter or lessor of a digger derrick shall above standard is an example;
provide the operators manual. This manual other industries using digger der-
shall be stored on the mobile unit. ricks have safety rules pertinent to
that industry.
11.4 Training. The renter or lessor
shall offer training or training materials that (9) Authorization to operate.
aid the renting entity or lessee in the
operation, inspection, testing and mainte- (10) Operator warnings and in-
nance of the digger derrick. This training structions.
shall be offered initially and subsequently on
request. (11) Actual operation of the digger
derrick.
11.4.1 General Training. Only personnel
who have received general instructions Under the direction of a qualified
regarding the inspection, application and person, the trainee shall operate
operation of digger derricks, including the digger derrick for a sufficient
recognition and avoidance of hazards period of time to demonstrate
associated with their operation, shall proficiency in the actual operation
operate a digger derrick. Such items of the digger derrick.
covered shall include, but not necessarily be
limited to, the following issues and (12) Proper use of personal fall
requirements: protection equipment when the
digger derrick is equipped with a
(1) The purpose and use of platform(s).
manuals.
11.4.2 Retraining. The operator shall be
(2) That operating manuals are retrained, when so directed by the user,
an integral part of the digger based on the user’s observation and
derrick and must be properly evaluation of the operator.
stored on the vehicle when not in
use. 11.4.3 Familiarization. When an opera-
tor is directed to operate a digger derrick
(3) A pre-start inspection. they are not familiar with, the operator, prior
(4) Responsibilities associated the following items and issues:
affecting the operation of the (1) The location of the manuals.
digger derrick.
(2) The purpose and function of
(5) Factors affecting stability. all controls.
40

(3) Safety devices and operating

characteristics specific to the
digger derrick.
11.5 Communications. In the event

the manufacturer or installer provides the
renter or lessor manuals, bulletins or other
materials for the information of the user of a
digger derrick, the renter or lessor shall
pass them on to the user without any undue
delay.
41

Figure 1 - Digger Derrick Nomenclature
1. Upper Controls 17. Auger

2. Platform 18. Auger Stowage Bracket
3. Platform Pin 19. Lower Boom Winch
4. Upper boom Tip 20. Lower Controls
5. Extension Cylinder 21. Pedestal
6. Boom Pin 22. Rotation Bearing
7. Lower Boom 23. Slewing Mechanism
8. Intermediate Boom 24. Turntable
9. Upper Boom 25. Turntable Winch
10. Winch Line 26. Lift Cylinder
11. Boom Tip Winch 27. Outriggers
12. Boom Tip Sheave 28. Outrigger Cylinder
13. Pole Guide 29. Outrigger Controls
14. Pole Guide Tilt Cylinder 30. Boom Angle Indicator
15. Digger Hanger Bracket 31. Jib
16. Digger 32. Load Capacity Chart
33. Remote Controls
Note 1: This illustration is used to amplify and explain the text and is not meant to cover all possible
configurations for digger derrick equipment.
Note 2: Reprinted with permission of the Association of Equipment Manufacturers (formerly EMI).
42

Figure 2 - Digger Derrick Specifications
A3 Sheave Height (Maximum Extension)

A2 Sheave Height (Intermediate Extension)
A1 Sheave Height (Retracted)
B3 Horizontal Reach (Maximum Extension)
B2 Horizontal Reach (Intermediate Extension)
B1 Horizontal Reach (Retracted)
S2 Digging Radius (Maximum)
S1 Digging Radius (Minimum)
(a) Elevation (Above Horizontal)
(b) Elevation (Below Horizontal)
(c) Turntable Rotation
C Outrigger Height
E Outrigger Spread (At Ground Level)
F Outrigger Spread (Fully Extended)
D Outrigger Penetration (Below Ground Level)
G Chassis Frame Height
J Travel Height (Boom Stowed)
K Digger Derrick C.G. (Horizontal)
L Digger Derrick C.G. (Vertical)
H Center of Rotation Location (Longitudinal)
CA Cab Axle Dimension
WB Wheelbase
FP Front Projection
RP Rear Projection
R Load Radius
P Rated Load Capacity
W Digger Derrick Weight
M Stow Clearance
43

Figure 3 - Mounting Positions for Truck-Mounted Digger Derricks
U Center of Rotation Location

(Transverse)
V Digger Derrick C.G. (transverse)
CENTER MOUNT
BEHIND CAB REAR MOUNT CORNER MOUNT
44

Figure 4 - Platform Inside Dimensions
IDENTIFICATION A B C D E
S-1 24 24 22 22 42
S-2 46-1/2 22-1/2 45-3/4 21-3/4 41-1/8
S-3 28-3/8 22-1/4 27-7/8 21-3/8 40-5/8
S-4 24 24 22 22 39
Miscellaneous - - - - 42 +/-3
Note: All Dimensions are inches, tolerances are +1/2”, -0”
45

Figure 5 - Dielectric Configuration for Digger Derricks
Note 1: Insulating section extended to minimum extension required by the manufacturer (Illustrated).
Note 2: Units with Upper Controls must have controls out with boom tip.
Note 3: Units with fiberglass boom tip must be positioned with the transferable tip out to boom tip.
Note 4: Bonding jumper of #2 copper wire (.29” diameter) may be installed during test or permanent (illustrated).
Note 5: No winch line shall bridge the insulating boom section during the test.
Note 6: If the unit is equipped with optional platform(s), they should be installed during the test.
Figure 5A- Optional DC Dielectric Configuration for Digger Derricks
Note 1: Insulating section extended to minimum extension required by the manufacturer (Illustrated).
Note 2: Units with Upper Controls must have controls out with boom tip.
Note 3: Units with fiberglass boom tip must be positioned with the transferable tip out to boom tip.
Note 4: Bonding jumper of #2 copper wire (.29” diameter) may be installed during test or permanent (illustrated).
Note 5: No winch line shall bridge the insulating boom section during the test.
Note 6: If the unit is equipped with optional platform(s), they should be installed during the test.
46

Appendix A- Recommended Identification and Instruction Symbols for Control Functions
The manufacturers of Digger Derricks complying with this standard are provided the following symbols and wording
as suggested identification and instructional guides for Digger Derrick controls.
FUNCTION:
BOOM RAISE/LOWER
BOOM FUNCTION:
INTERMEDIATE EXTEND/RETRACT
FUNCTION:
BOOM UPPER
EXTEND/RETRACT
FUNCTION:
WINCH
RAISE/LOWER
FUNCTION:
SLEWING CLOCKWISE/COUNTER
CLOCKWISE
FUNCTION:
DIGGER
DIG/CLEAN
A-FRAME FUNCTION:
OUTRIGGERS RETRACT/EXTEND
47

SWING-DOWN FUNCTION:
OUTRIGGERS LOWER/RAISE
FUNCTION:
RETRACT/EXTEND
H-FRAME
OUTRIGGERS
FUNCTION:
RAISE/LOWER
POLE GUIDE FUNCTION:

TILT FORWARD/BACK
POLE GUIDE FUNCTION:

OPEN/CLOSE OPEN/CLOSE
MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS
48

The information and materials contained in this publication have been developed from sources
believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as
secretariat of the ANSI accredited A10 Committee or individual committee members accept no
legal responsibility for the correctness or completeness of this material or its application to
specific factual situations. By publication of this standard, ASSE or the A10 Committee does
not ensure that adherence to these recommendations will protect the safety or health of any
persons, or preserve property.
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Safety Requirements,
Definitions and
Specifications for
Digger Derricks—
for Construction and
Demolition Operations
A S AMERICAN SOCIETY OF
S E SAFETY ENGINEERS
A S
S E
Printed in U.S.A.

Merican Ational Tandard

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ANSI/ASSE A10.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

American National Standard

American National Standard

Safety Requirements, Definitions and

American Society of Safety Engineers

Approved April 27, 2006

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

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Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn

Published May, 2006 by

American Society of Safety Engineers

Copyright © 2006 by American Society of Safety Engineers

No part of this publication may be reproduced

Printed in the United States of America

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A10.1 Planning for Construction Safety and Health (under development)

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One purpose of these standards is to serve as guides to governmental authorities having

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Organization Represented Name of Representative

Accident Prevention Corporation Frank Burg, CSP

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Subgroup A10.31 had the following members:

Mike Anderson (Chairman)

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1. Scope, Purpose, Requirements, Application and Exceptions............... 11

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Figure 1 - Digger Derrick Nomenclature................................................... 42

Appendix A - Recommended Identification and Instruction Symbols

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.31

1. SCOPE, PURPOSE, REQUIRE- owners, renters, lessors or lessees

1.1 Scope. 1.3 Requirements. The requirements

1.1.3 Uniform Specification Data. This 2. REFERENCED AND RELATED

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3.1.18 Insulated Digger Derrick. A 3.1.27 Non-Destructive Testing. The

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3.1.35 Platform Capacity. The compo- 3.1.44 Voltage.

3.1.37 Rated Load Capacity. The maxi- • Qualification Voltage. The

3.1.41 Unloaded Vehicle Weight (UVW). (1) Operator’s Manual

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Turntable Winch (25): A winch located on

Outriggers (27): The structural members 3.3.1 Sheave Height (Maximum

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4.3.5 Emergency Stop. 4.4.3 Outrigger Security. Outriggers

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4.7.2 Column Load. The maximum 4.10 Platforms.

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4.10.4 Buckets or Baskets. ANSI Z535.3, Criteria for Safety Symbols

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4.12 Load Hoist. 3.5:1. For synthetic-type ropes and rotation-

4.13.1 Construction. Ropes shall be of NOTE: Only personal protective equipment

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shall be the only reliable means of primary

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