Question # 1 of 10 Total Marks: 1: Time Left Start Time: 11:26:54 AM

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Question # 1 of 10 ( Start time: 11:26:54

Total Marks: 1
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In which of the following nonrandom sampling techniques does the researcher ask the research
participants to identify other potential research participants?
Snowball
Convenience
Purposive
Quota
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The operational definition is also known as
Working definition
Nominal definition
Conceptual definition
Dictionary definition

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Question # 3 of 10 ( Start time: 11:27:50 Total Marks: 1

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The key objective of data analysis is to:
Calculate statistics
Understand relationships between variables
Obtain the distribution of responses for each question
Create tables which display the survey results

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Null hypothesis states:
Absence of relationship
Existence of relationship
The direction of relationship
Casual relationship

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Which of the following should not be a use of deception in any case?
To protect the confidentiality of a third party
To prevent biasing of the respondents
To improve the response rate of respondents
Use of deception for all the given purposes is acceptable

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What is the final step of a scientific investigation?
Analyze data
Collect data
Report the findings
Determine whether the hypothesis was supported

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In stratified sampling, strata are:
Internally homogenous
Internally heterogeneous
Externally homogenous
None of the given option

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After you locate a source, you should write down all details of the reference, except;
Full names of the authors
Titles
Volumes
Price

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The logic of qualitative data analysis is described as:
Objective
Subjective
Inductive
Deductive
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Simple random sampling is less efficient then complex probability sampling techniques due to
which of the following reason/s?
It requires population list which id usually not available
Population in this sampling must be homogenous
It can not target population having more than 30 elements
All of the given options

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In which of the following Tests, we give extra training to the interviewer in case of big research
funded by an organization?
Test Run
Pilot Test
Post Hoc Test
T- Test

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A researcher is conducting a research on HR system of State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) of
Pakistan. SOEs include profit and non profit making. Further they can be divided in service and
regulatory authorities. HR structure of all these organizations is diverse and varies in nature.
Which of the following is better option for researcher to reach accurate results?
Take all population as sample (census)
Simple random sampling
Quota sampling
Convenience sampling

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Pilot testing can be beneficial in:
Structuring open ended questions
Determining population
Collecting sample
Analysis of data

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In stratified sampling, strata are:
Externally homogenous

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Which of the following is not a function of clearly identified research questions?
They guide your literature search.
They keep you focused throughout the data collection period.
They make the scope of your research as wide as possible.
They are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument

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Which of the following statements is true?
All concepts are variables and all variables are concepts
All variables are concepts but all concepts are not variable
All concepts are variable but all variables are not concepts
None of the above

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Ms. Laiba has decided to use the test at the end of the textbook to measure the achievement
levels of the students in her study. Which of the following BEST describes the chapter test?
Definition
Construct
Variable
Operationalized variable

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The organization of concepts in sequence from the most concrete and individual to the most
general indicates is
One that bears no relation to the underlying concept.
An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept.
The degree of abstraction
An operational definition
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Hypothesis refers to __________:
The outcome of an experiment
A conclusion drawn from an experiment
A form of bias in which the subject tries to outguess the experimenter
A tentative statement about the relationship

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Which of the following is Not a technique to narrow down the broad problem area?
Doing a literature survey
Ask questions from the knowledgeable persons
Consider topic in specific context
Decide about the sample

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Statistics is used by researchers to:
Analyze the empirical data collected in a study
Make their findings sound better
Operationally define their variables
Ensure the study comes out the way it was intended

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Conditions favoring the use of a sample over a census include a:
Long time frame
Small budget
High cost of sampling errors
Low cost of non-sampling errors

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A variable is:
Any characteristic of interest that can take on more than one value
Defined as the groups manipulated in experimental research
The complete set of scores we use in statistical analysis
Completely specified only in observational research

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Ms. Laiba has decided to use the test at the end of the textbook to measure the achievement
levels of the students in her study. Which of the following BEST describes the chapter test?
Definition
Construct
Variable
Operationalized variable

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Which of the following is NOT a longitudinal study?
Trend study
Census study
Panel study
Cohort study
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When we say that science is parsimonious, we mean that:
Scientific theories are based on laws.
We must be careful because causes can occur after specific effects.
The best scientific theories are those that offer the simplest explanations for a law.
Science accurately describes a wide range of behavior.
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The term “Extrapolation” is better explained by the statement:
Facts lead to the rejection of theory
Identification the gap in knowledge
Theory predicts facts
None of the given options

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Complex probability sampling is efficient than simple random sampling, this is possible due to
which of the following reason?
It has ability to use all information of population
It is expensive thus accurate
It takes large samples to increase generalizability

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A telephone company is interested in obtaining customers' reactions to a new service package.
Which of the following primary research methods would be most effective in reaching this
audience to obtain their feedback?
An Internet survey
Telephone interviews
A mail survey
Focus groups

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If an interview is conducted with a respondent who does not meet the qualifications for a study,
what kind of bias has occurred?
Respondent bias
Position bias
Non-response bias
Instrument bias
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A researcher wants to study the impact of average hour of study in a week on CGPA of MBA
students in virtual university of Pakistan. He focused on specifically the students specialized in
finance. The total of number of MBA (finance) students in VU is an example of which of the
following?
Sample
Element
Population
Target population

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Which type of question is most likely to be used when the researcher is just starting to explore
what people think about a particular topic?
Closed-ended
Open-ended
Structured
Semi structured
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Apart from that deception is unethical, what is the other important disadvantage of deceiving
people?
It increases the response rate
It can damage the professional reputation of researcher
I can damage the anonymity of respondents

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Which of the following should not be a consideration in writing a proposal?
Understanding the problem situation
The appearance/form of the proposal
Responding to every element exactly as specified by the client
Knowing as much as possible about the proposal recipients

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Which of the following is a measure of inflation?
Scale
Consumer price index
Weighting
Unidimensionality

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Census is better option than sampling in which of the following cases?
When physical material is to be destroyed in study
When population is highly variable
When budget constraints are there
When researcher wants speedy data collection

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Which of the following is most helpful in defining research problem?
Hypothesis
Preliminary data collection

Descriptive research
Theoretical framework

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Variable that is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment is called________.
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Extraneous variable
None of the given options

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Research questions are crucial because they will:
Guide your decisions about what data to collect and from where.
Help you decide which research area interests you.
Ensure that your findings have external validity.
Prevent you from thinking about research strategies.

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Which of following statement is true?
Theory and Research are dichotomous
Theory and Research are interrelated
There is no difference between Theory and Research
None of the given statements is true

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How is nominal data presented?
In order
In discrete categories
Units of equal distance
Data where there is a true zero
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The independent variable is;
The variable manipulated in order to observe its effects

The variable that is measured
The free spirited variable
A confounding variable

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Detailed and unambiguous instructions are particularly important for:
Computer-assisted telephone surveys
Mail surveys
Computer-assisted personal interviews
Internet surveys

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In cluster sampling, subgroups are:
Externally heterogeneous

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When you are confident that the experimental manipulation produced the changes you measured
in the dependent variable, your study probably has good ________ validity.
Construct
Internal
External
Causal

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The researcher protects the confidentiality in following ways, Except;
Obtaining signed nondisclosure documents.
Restricting access to data instruments where the respondent is identified.
Disclosure of data subsets.
Restricting access to respondent identification.
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All of the following are true about theories, except;
They organize and summarize existing knowledge about a topic.
They are tentative until the facts prove them true.
They provide possible explanations for the phenomenon under study.
They lead to testable hypotheses through the process of deduction.

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When we say that science is parsimonious, we mean that:
Scientific theories are based on laws.
We must be careful because causes can occur after specific effects.
The best scientific theories are those that offer the simplest explanations for a law.
Science accurately describes a wide range of behavior.
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If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom to ascertain their merit
and worth, he is likely conducting which type of research?
Basic
Applied
Evaluation
Experimental

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The logic of purposive sampling is:
That a random sample can generalize to a population.
That a few information-rich participants studied in depth yield many insights about a topic.
To include all participants, even though they are not all relevant to the problem
To use participants because the researcher has access to them.

DC070200625 : NEELAM 88
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Quiz Start Time: 12:29 PM

Total Marks: 1
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Which of the following is Not a technique to narrow down the broad problem area?
Doing a literature survey
Ask questions from the knowledgeable persons
Consider topic in specific context
Decide about the sample
DC070200625 : NEELAM 88

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The small scale trial run of a particular item is called ______________.
Test run
Pilot test
Post hoc test
t-test
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“Have you ever had or been treated for skin allergy? Yes No” Which type of question it is?
Leading question
Loaded question
Double barreled question
Ambiguous question

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Which of the following is a measure in which a researcher adds or combines several distinct
indicators of a construct into a single score?
Scale
Index
Unidimensionality
Weighting

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If an interview is conducted with a respondent who does not meet the qualifications for a study,
what kind of bias has occurred?
Respondent bias
Position bias
Non-response bias
Instrument bias
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Which of the following best defines the population of study?
The subject on which the measurement is being taken
The total collection of elements about which we wish to make some inferences
Some selected elements from a population through which we can draw conclusions about all
population

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Why do you need to review the existing literature?
To give your dissertation a proper academic appearance, with lots of references
Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count
To find out what is already known about your area of interest
To help in your general studying
DC070200625 : NEELAM 87

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What is the first step in the research process?
Preliminary data collection
Problem definition
Theoretical framework
Define broad problem area

Question # 1 of 10 Total Marks: 1: Time Left Start Time: 11:26:54 AM

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Quiz Start Time:

Question # 1 of 10 ( Start time: 11:26:54

Quiz Start Time: 11:26 AM 88

Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 11:27:25

Quiz Start Time: 11:26 AM 88

Question # 3 of 10 ( Start time: 11:27:50 Total Marks: 1

Understand relationships between variables

Obtain the distribution of responses for each question

Create tables which display the survey results

Quiz Start Time: 11:26 AM 88

Question # 4 of 10 ( Start time: 11:28:17

The direction of relationship

Quiz Start Time: 11:26 AM 88

Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 11:28:41

To prevent biasing of the respondents

To improve the response rate of respondents

Use of deception for all the given purposes is acceptable

Quiz Start Time: 11:26 AM 88

Question # 6 of 10 ( Start time: 11:29:07

Report the findings

Determine whether the hypothesis was supported

Quiz Start Time: 11:26 AM 88

Question # 7 of 10 ( Start time: 11:29:33

Quiz Start Time: 11:26 AM 86

Question # 8 of 10 ( Start time: 11:30:32

Full names of the authors

Quiz Start Time: 11:26 AM 88

Question # 9 of 10 ( Start time: 11:31:01

Question # 10 of 10 ( Start time: 11:31:29

It requires population list which id usually not available

Population in this sampling must be homogenous

It can not target population having more than 30 elements

All of the given options

Quiz Start Time: 11:33 AM 87

Question # 1 of 10 ( Start time: 11:33:17

Post Hoc Test

Quiz Start Time: 11:33 AM 88

Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 11:33:49

Take all population as sample (census)

Simple random sampling

Quiz Start Time: 11:33 AM 83

Question # 3 of 10 ( Start time: 11:34:19

Structuring open ended questions

Quiz Start Time: 11:33 AM 88

Question # 4 of 10 ( Start time: 11:34:49

None of the given option

Quiz Start Time: 11:33 AM 88

Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 11:35:15

They guide your literature search.

They keep you focused throughout the data collection period.

They make the scope of your research as wide as possible.

They are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument

Quiz Start Time: 11:33 AM 88

Question # 6 of 10 ( Start time: 11:35:40

All concepts are variables and all variables are concepts

None of the above

Question # 7 of 10 ( Start time: 11:36:05

Quiz Start Time: 11:33 AM 88

Question # 8 of 10 ( Start time: 11:36:29

One that bears no relation to the underlying concept.

An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept.

The degree of abstraction

Question # 9 of 10 ( Start time: 11:36:52