DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

GEO 202
Discuss how population growth
affects your motherland
development
THEORIES
▪ (Malthus, 1798) Pointed out that the population tends
to increase geometrically, while food supplies only
grow arithmetically.
▪ Contrary to Malthusian, the Revisionist schools of
thought believe that large population would result
into high number of labor force, productivity and even
positive impacts such as economies of scale and
specializations which leads to economic growth.
Population and Development
▪ development, it is a multidimensional process. This
involves major changes in social structures, popular
attitudes, national institutions, as well as acceleration
of economic growth, the reduction of inequality and
the eradication of poverty.
▪ Now the focal point is welfare of ‘human being’ not
the material gains only. The view, that income and
wealth are not ends in themselves but in fact these
are instruments to get the main ‘end’ that is welfare of
human being.
Measurement of Economic Development

▪ 1. GNP

▪ 2. PCY or per capita income

▪ 3. Welfare

▪ 4. Social indicators
Population Growth in Tanzania
▪ The population of United Republic of Tanzania has
increased more than four times from 12.3 million in
1967 to 57.6 million in 2020. The average annual
growth rate according to the 2012 Population and
Housing Census is 3.1 percent.
▪ In the present era, with the existing fertility trends
and population growth rates, it takes about twelve
years in (LDCs) to raise world population by one
billion
Economic Growth in Tanzania
▪ Economic growth which is projected to have reached
7.1 percent in 2015 by the National Bureau of
Statistics (2016) was powered by good performance in
the information and communication, public
administration and defense, financial and insurance,
mining and quarrying sectors.
▪ In 2019, real GDP growth was estimated at 6.8% down
slightly from 7% in 2018 and was projected to be
broadly stable at 6.4% in 2020 and 6.6% in 2021,
Trend of population growth and economic growth in
Tanzania 1991 -2019
 Advantages of a big Population
▪ Provides market for both agricultural and industrial goods
through buying those goods for domestic use.
▪ Increased division of labour in society
▪ Sources of government revenue through taxes imposed by
government e.g. sales tax, P.A.Y.E, etc.
▪ Increases requirements for skills, training and education.
▪ Greater use of systems of exchange – i.e. money, markets,
trade, accounting
Advantages of a big Population
▪ Stimulates development of agriculture and industry because of the
need to provide goods and services like sugar, mattresses, etc.
▪ Leeds to utilization of idle resources like minerals, forests, because
of the need to extract raw materials to make consumer goods.
▪ Big population leads to rapid growth and expansion to towns, thus
provides social and economic services like trade and commerce,
health care, education, etc.
▪ General expansion of systems of administration and government
But!
We
Should
Focus On;
 …
Greater emphasis on the quality of the
population rather than sheer numbers, More and
better educational opportunities.
More investment in modern agriculture.
Higher levels of savings and investment with
lower dependency ratios
Sustainable Development
▪ Economic development refers to a sustainable increase in
living standards. It implies increased per capita income,
better education and health as well as environmental
protection”.
▪ If the resources are used corruptly in order to get some short
term goals then both future and present generations will
suffer, therefore, some of the economists have introduced
environmental accounting.
Recommendations
▪i) The government should encourage
population growth with caution.
▪ii) The government should also take steps to
ensure that the economy is growing at a higher
rate than the growth of population.
 Conclusion
▪ Given the size of the country and available resources,
we see that Tanzania still need more people in order to
develop. It shows that population growth cause
economic growth. The higher the population more
consumption for goods and services and hence more
industries, jobs, etc. are created to the economy.
 Thanks 4
listening
WISH YOU ALL THE BEST TOWARDS THE
‘UE’