Source:https://linuxize.

com/post/how-to-install-virtualbox-guest-additions-in-ubuntu/

Para activar el portapapeles compartido se necesita instalar el guest additions:

Installing Guest Additions on Ubuntu Guest

VirtualBox ships with an image ISO file called “VBoxGuestAdditions.iso” containing Guest
Additions installers for all supported guest operating systems. This file is located on the host
machine and can be mounted on the guest system using the VirtualBox GUI manager. Once
mounted, the guest additions installer can be used to install the guest additions on the guest system.
Below are the step-by-step instructions to install VirtualBox guest additions on Ubuntu guests.
These steps will work on both Ubuntu Desktop and Server guest installations.
1. Open VirtualBox GUI Manager.
2. Start the Ubuntu guest virtual machine.
3. Login to the Ubuntu guest as a sudo user and install the packages required for building
external kernel modules:
sudo apt updatesudo apt install build-essential dkms linux-headers-$(uname
-r)

 $(uname -r) prints the running Kernel version .

 From the virtual machine menu, click Devices -> “Insert Guest Additions CD Image” as
shown on the image below:
Source:https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-virtualbox-guest-additions-in-ubuntu/

If you get an error saying the guest system has no CD-ROM, stop the virtual machine, open the
virtual machine settings and from the “Storage” tab, add a new CD-ROM device to the machine by
clicking on the plus sign (Adds optical device). Once done, reboot the virtual machine.
 Open the Ubuntu guest terminal, create a new directory as the mount point for the CD drive
and mount the ISO file:
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/cdromsudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

Navigate to the directory and run the VBoxLinuxAdditions.run script to install the Guest
Additions. The --nox11 option will tell the installer not to spawn an xterm window:
cd /mnt/cdromsudo sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run --nox11

The output will look like below:

Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 5.2.32 Guest Additions for Linux........
...
VirtualBox Guest Additions: Starting.

Reboot the Ubuntu guest for changes to take effect:

sudo shutdown -r now

Once the virtual machine is booted, log into it and verify that the installation was successful and the
kernel module is loaded using the lsmod command:
lsmod | grep vboxguest

The output will look something like this:

vboxguest 303104 2 vboxsf

8. No output means that the VirtualBox kernel module is not loaded.

Now that VirtualBox Guest Additions are installed on the Ubuntu guest machine, you can
enable Shared clipboard and Drag’n Drop support from the virtual machine settings
“Storage” tab, Enable 3D acceleration from the “Display” tab, create Shared folders and
more.

Conclusion
Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions on Ubuntu 18.04 virtual machine is an easy task. The Guest
Additions will optimize the guest operating system for better performance and enhance usability.
To find more information about the Guest Additions, visit the official VirtualBox Guest Additions
documentation page.