Env. Management - 2nd Mod. Meteorology

ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
5th semester
Mining Engineering
Alok Ranjan Mahananda 1
Modules
Module – 2
Air Pollution ; Atmospheric composition and
meteorology;
Sources of air pollution – Point and non –

point ; Emission factors; Control measures
–extraction, suppression and consolidation
of dust
METEOROLOGY
Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric
sciences which includes atmospheric
chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major
focus on weather forecasting.

METEOROLOGY
Meteorological phenomena are observable weather

events that are explained by the science of meteorology.
Meteorological phenomena are described and quantified
by the variables of Earth's atmosphere: temperature, air
pressure, water vapour, mass flow, and the variations and
interactions of those variables, and how they change over
time. Different spatial scales are used to describe and
predict weather on local, regional, and global levels.

WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Weather forecasting is the application of

science and technology to predict the state of
the atmosphere at a future time and given
location. Humans have attempted to predict the
weather informally for millennia and formally
since at least the 19th century. Weather
forecasts are made by collecting
quantitative data about the current state of the
atmosphere and using scientific understanding
of atmospheric processes to project how the
atmosphere will evolve.

WEATHER AND CLIMATE
The main focus of meteorology is the study of the
chemistry and physics for weather/climate. For long
term weather patterns, climatology studies the past
and how climate change will affect the future.
If you specifically want to study past weather
patterns, paleoclimatology examines how prehistoric
climates have changed in a geologic time scale.
Paleotempestology is specific to tropical cyclones.
Meanwhile, barometry studies atmospheric pressure
is measured and how it relates to weather and
climate. Topoclimatology focuses on topographic
relief and how it influences local climate in the lower
air layer.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE
CLIMATOLOGY – How climate (long-term weather patterns)

has varied in the past and how climate change will affect the
future.
METEOROLOGY – How atmosphere chemistry and physics
relate to weather and climate patterns.
TOPOCLIMATOLOGY – How topographic relief influences
local climate in the lower air layer.
BAROMETRY – How atmospheric pressure is measured
and relates to weather and climate.
PALEOCLIMATOLOGY – How prehistoric climates have
changed in a geologic time scale.
PALEOTEMPESTOLOGY – How tropical cyclones have
changed in a geologic time scale.

ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
The physical processes in weather and climate can be

described in one of these branches of meteorology. For
example, aerodynamics describes how air circulates in
the atmosphere.
We use radiometry to measure incoming solar radiation
from the sun. Next, hydrometeorology focuses on how
this energy is transferred between the land surface,
water and atmosphere.
Finally, there are branches of meteorology dedicated
to Earth’s magnetic field. For example, geomagnetism
studies solar winds and how it impacts our magnetic field

ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
AERONOMY – How chemical and physical properties are

composed in the upper region of Earth and planets.
RADIOMETRY – How electromagnetic radiation in the
atmosphere is observed and measured.
AERODYNAMICS – How air circulates in the atmosphere.
HYDROMETEOROLOGY – How water and energy are
transferred between the land surface and atmosphere
(hydrologic cycle).
GEOMAGNETISM – How Earth’s magnetic field changes at
different time scales including pole reversals.
GEOPHYSICS – How physical processes and properties
relate to Earth and its surrounding space.

LIFE SCIENCE
Meteorology had tremendous impacts on the biosphere.

And there are several branches of meteorology that are
concerned with this aspect.
For example, biometeorology measures how atmospheric

conditions and short-term weather patterns impact living
things. It may examine photosynthesis in plants or
evapotranspiration rates in different seasons.
There’s also bioclimatology which addresses how long-

term climate patterns affects living things. This includes
elements from geobiology which relates the lithosphere,
atmosphere and biosphere.

LIFE SCIENCE
BIOCLIMATOLOGY – How climate interacts and

affects living things.
GEOBIOLOGY – How the biosphere relates to the

lithosphere and atmosphere.
BIOMETEOROLOGY – How atmospheric

conditions and weather patterns impact living
things.

AVIATION METEOROLOGY
Aviation meteorology deals with the impact of
weather on air traffic management. It is important
for air crews to understand the implications of
weather on their flight plan as well as their aircraft,
as noted by the Aeronautical Information Manual:

AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY
Meteorologists, soil scientists, agricultural

hydrologists, and agronomists are people concerned
with studying the effects of weather and climate on
plant distribution, crop yield, water-use
efficiency, phenology of plant and animal
development, and the energy balance of managed
and natural ecosystems. Conversely, they are
interested in the role of vegetation on climate and
weather.
HYDROMETEOROLOGY
Hydrometeorology is the branch of meteorology that deals with

the hydrologic cycle, the water budget, and the rainfall statistics of storms. A
hydrometeorologist prepares and issues forecasts of accumulating
(quantitative) precipitation, heavy rain, heavy snow, and highlights areas
with the potential for flash flooding. Typically the range of knowledge that is
required overlaps with climatology, mesoscale and synoptic meteorology,
and other geosciences. The multidisciplinary nature of the branch can
result in technical challenges, since tools and solutions from each of the
individual disciplines involved may behave slightly differently, be optimized
for different hard- and software platforms and use different data formats.
There are some initiatives – such as the DRIHM project – that are trying to
address this issue.
NUCLEAR METEOROLOGY
Nuclear meteorology investigates the distribution

of radioactive aerosols and gases in the
atmosphere.

MARITIME METEOROLOGY
Maritime meteorology deals with air and wave forecasts

for ships operating at sea.
Organizations such as the Ocean Prediction Center,

Honolulu National Weather Service forecast office,
United Kingdom Met Office, and JMA prepare high seas
forecasts for the world's oceans.

MILITARY METEOROLOGY
Military meteorology is the research and application of

meteorology for military purposes.
In the United States, the United States

Navy's Commander, Naval Meteorology and
Oceanography Command oversees meteorological
efforts for the Navy
and
Marine Corps while the United States Air Force's Air
Force Weather Agency is responsible for the Air Force
and Army.

MILITARY METEOROLOGY

ENVIRONMENTAL METEOROLOGY
Environmental meteorology mainly analyzes industrial
pollution dispersion physically and chemically based
on meteorological parameters such as temperature,
humidity, wind, and various weather conditions.


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ENVIRONMENTAL

Sources of air pollution – Point and non –

Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric

sciences which includes atmospheric

chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major

focus on weather forecasting.

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 4

Meteorological phenomena are observable weather

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 5

Weather forecasting is the application of

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 7

CLIMATOLOGY – How climate (long-term weather patterns)

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 9

The physical processes in weather and climate can be

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 10

AERONOMY – How chemical and physical properties are

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 11

Meteorology had tremendous impacts on the biosphere.

For example, biometeorology measures how atmospheric

There’s also bioclimatology which addresses how long-

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 13

BIOCLIMATOLOGY – How climate interacts and

GEOBIOLOGY – How the biosphere relates to the

BIOMETEOROLOGY – How atmospheric

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 14

Aviation meteorology deals with the impact of

weather on air traffic management. It is important

for air crews to understand the implications of

weather on their flight plan as well as their aircraft,

as noted by the Aeronautical Information Manual:

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 15

Meteorologists, soil scientists, agricultural

Hydrometeorology is the branch of meteorology that deals with

Nuclear meteorology investigates the distribution

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 23

Maritime meteorology deals with air and wave forecasts

Organizations such as the Ocean Prediction Center,

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 26

Military meteorology is the research and application of

In the United States, the United States

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 27

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 28

Environmental meteorology mainly analyzes industrial

pollution dispersion physically and chemically based

on meteorological parameters such as temperature,

humidity, wind, and various weather conditions.

Alok Ranjan Mahananda 32

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