Case Study 1

Group Number – 2
Subject Name – Computer Graphics and
Multimedia
Subject Code – ETCS 211

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Ms. Deepika Kumar Name – Paras Gupta
Roll No. – 03111502718
Branch– CSE (M)
1) Open an image in an image-editing program capable of identifying colors.
Select three different pixels in the image. Sample the color and write down
its value in RGB, HSB, CMYK, and web (hexadecimal) color.
Point Co-ordinates RGB HSB CMYK Hexadecimal
R = 130 H = 212o C = 47
1 (382, 437) G = 183 S = 47% M= 25 #82b7f3
B = 243 B = 95% Y=0
K=5
o
R = 239 H = 37 C=0
2 (799, 486) G = 176 S = 68% M= 26 #efb04c
B = 76 B = 94% Y = 68
K=6
o
R = 181 H = 72 C = 17
3 (1286, 527) G = 217 S = 86% M= 0 #b4d91f
B = 31 B = 85% Y = 86
K = 15

2) Discuss and Compare Image Creating Software.

 1. Photoshop

With Photoshop you can easily combine multiple images and even remove unwanted
objects from the image. It offers basic features like perspective correction, channel mixing,
and clone stamp tool. The automatic options infuse life to your images making your work
‘the talk of the town’ even if you are a newbie. Photoshop runs on both Windows and Mac.
Photoshop is also considered as one of the best photo editing and graphic design software
for beginners as it comes with simplified options like:

o Basic: Cropping, straightening, rotating and flipping.

o Auto-Fix: One touch adjustment.
o Blemish Removal: Ability to remove any spot or dirt from the image.
o Colour: Slide controls to enhance the colours of the image.
o One-Touch filter: 20 eye-catching effects to choose from.
o Image Rendering: Panoramic image option.
o Borders: Add your personal touch.
o RAW photo support: RAW format support.
o Sharing: via sites like Facebook, Revel, Twitter, Tumblr, and more.
 Pros of PHOTOSHOP
o Video editing is smooth.
o The crop tool is quite effective.
o Performance is highly improved.

Cons of PHOTOSHOP
o No perpetual license.
o The interface is crushing.
o Some tools lack progress bar visibility.

2. GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)

GIMP or GNU Image Manipulation Program is the perfect alternative to Adobe Photoshop.

The professional tools make it ideal for photo editing and graphic designing. The photo

manipulation feature is highly enhanced. The flexibility of the tool allows you to create

crystal-clear graphics and photos. Once you begin using GIMP, it will definitely achieve the

pedestal of being your main desktop publishing tool. The interface is totally customizable

and the full-screen mode allows you to view and edit at the same time. Yes, not all the

extensive features are available. Still, there are many features that will provide you a great
 experience. GIMP runs on GNU/Linux, OS X, Windows and other OS. Being a cross-

compatible graphic design software, it has a strong support community. This is, hands

down, one of the prime choices when selecting graphic design software for beginners:

Pros of GIMP
o The UI is bright and modern.
o Very easy to use.
o Comes with single windows usage.

Cons of GIMP
o Have a few bugs.
o Struggles with Cintiq tablets in the initial stage.

5. CorelDraw

If you are looking for a photo editor that gives you the ability to create infinite no of

designs without any restrictions while honing your skills at the same time? If so, you might

want to check out CorelDraw, a vector graphics editor, that is hands down one of the most
 popular Industry Standard editors presently. CorelDraw has some cool productive functions

and such an ease of use that no other vector editor can match up to.

The tools give you full control so you can get fast and dynamic results. With CorelDraw

version X5 and above, you get an inbuilt organizer (Corel CONNECT) also.

With tools like Twirl, Smear, Repel and Attract – vector object editing was never so easy.

The Alignment guide enables you to position objects as per your requirement. CorelDraw

works smoothly with large files in Corel Photo-Paint, making it a must-have in the graphic

design software list. It also supports apps like Barcode wizard, Duplexing wizard, Bit stream

Font Navigator, etc. Check out more about CorelDraw.

Pros of CorelDraw :
o The interface customization is ideal.
o The design is very fresh.
o The training videos are very helpful.
o Choose from perpetual license or subscription.
o The right-click gives awesome vectorization.
o Shaping Docker gives maximum usage.

Cons of CorelDraw :
o No Mac version.
o Tools are hard to learn for newbies.
o Navigation is not easy.
o Navigation board is not visible.
o The freehand brush is hard to use.
 Case Study 1
Group Number – 2
Subject Name – Computer Graphics and
Multimedia
Subject Code – ETCS 211

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Ms. Deepika Kumar Name – Paras Gupta
Roll No. – 03111502718
Branch– CSE (M)
Q1) Face Modelling using blender

solution :
Q4) Compare Huffman Coding, RLE and Arithmetic Coding for :
A:25 B:10 C:99 D:87 E:9 F:66

solution:
Huffman coding is an entropy encoding algorithm used for lossless data
compression. In this algorithm fixed length codes are replaced by variable length
codes. When using variable -length code words, it is desirable to create a prefix
code, avoiding the need for a separator to determine code word boundaries.
Huffman Coding uses such prefix code. Huffman procedure works as follow:
1. Symbols with a high frequency are expressed using shorter encodings than
symbols which occur less frequently.
2. The two symbols that occur least frequently will have the same length. The
Huffman algorithm uses the greedy approach at each step the algorithm chooses the
best available option. A binary tree is built up from the bottom up. To see how
Huffman Coding works, let’s take an example. Assume that the characters in a file to
be compressed have the following frequencies:
A: 25 B: 10 C: 99 D: 87 E: 9 F: 66

The processing of building this tree is:

1. Create a list of leaf nodes for each symbol and arrange the nodes in the order
from highest to lowest. Analysis and Comparison of Algorithms for Lossless Data
Compression: C:99 D:87 F:66 A:25 B:10 E:9

2. Select two leaf nodes with the lowest frequency. Create a parent node with
these two nodes and assign the frequency equal to the sum of the frequencies of two
child nodes. Now add the parent node in the list and remove the two child nodes
from the list. And repeat this step until you have only one node left.

3. Now label each edge. The left child of each parent is labeled with the digit 0
and right child with 1. The code word for each source letter is the sequence of
labels along the path from root to the leaf node representing the letter.
Run Length Encoding:

Run Length Encoding (RLE) is the simplest of the data compression algorithms.
It replaces runs of two or more of the same character with a number which
represents the length of the run, followed by the original character. Single
characters are coded as runs of 1. The major task of this algorithm is to identify
the runs of the source file, and to record the symbol and the length of each run.
The Run Length Encoding algorithm uses those runs to compress the original
source file while keeping all the non-runs without using for the compression
process.

RLE for (A: 25 B: 10 C: 99 D: 87 E: 9 F: 66) is : 25A10B99C87D9E66F

Arithmetic Coding:

Arithmetic Coding is useful for small alphabets with highly skewed

probabilities. In this method, a code word is not used to represent a symbol of
the text. Instead, it produces a code for an entire message. Arithmetic Coding
assigns an interval to each symbol. Then a decimal number is assigned to this
interval. Initially, the interval is [0, 1). A message is represented by a half open
interval [x, y) where x and y are real Numbers between 0 and 1. The interval is
then divided into sub-intervals. The number of sub-intervals is identical to the
number of symbols in the current set of symbols and size is proportional to their
probability of appearance. For each symbol a new internal division takes place
based on the last sub interval.
Comparison of RLE, Huffman and Arithmetic encoding

Performance RLE (Run Length Huffman Coding Arithmetic

Measure Encoding) Coding

Compression Ratio Very low Low High

Compression Factor Very high High Low

Compression Speed Very Fast Fast Slow

Memory Space High Low Very Low

Decompression Very Fast Fast Slow

Speed