MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

MIXER:
1. OBJECTIVE:
Main objective of mixer is to mix the elemental yield from reactor and sorbent CaO for further
proceed to the fluidized bed reactor.

2. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

ELEMENTAL (C, H, O, H2O, ASH)

W1, x1 Mixed stream

W1 V W, x

x1

CaO

3. ASSUMPTIONS:
 Non-reactive system
 Perfect mixing of elements and sorbent
 No heat loss occur
 Uniform composition
 Heat of mixing is negligible

4. SPATIAL VARIATION:
No variation is assumed

5. CONSERVATION LAWS:

Apply overall material balance

dm / dt = min - mout

d(pV)/ dt =(W1 + W2) – W

 p dV/dt = W1+W2-W 1)

Component balance:

d (pVx)/dt = W1x1 + W2x2 - Wx

p d(Vx) = W1x1 + W2x2 – Wx 2)

p d(V.x)/ dt = pV dx/ dt + px dV/dt

6. SIMPLIFICATION :

substituting in equation 2)

pV dx/dt + px dV/dt = W1x1 + W2x2 –Wx

pV dx/dt + (W1 + W2 - W)x = W1x1 + W2x2 –Wx

pV dx/ dt = W1x1+ W2x – Wx = W1x1 + W2x2 –Wx

dx/ dt = W1/ pV (x1 – x) + W2/pV (x2-x)

the dynamic model of blending process is given as

dV/ dt = W1 + W2 – W/p

dx/ dt = W1/ pV(x1-x) + W2/pV(x2-x)

7. PROCESS VARIABLE:
V, W1, W2, W, x1, x2

Input variable:
Manipulated variable
W1, W
Disturbance
W2, x1, x2
Controlled variable
V, x

Parameters
Row(p)
 8. EQUILIBRIUM RELATION:
Corresponding steady state equation is

( dV/ dt =0 , dx/ dt =0)

0 = W1 + W2 –W

0 = w1(x1-x) + W2(x2-x)

9. DEGREE OF FREEDOM:

No of equations = 2
No of variales = 7
D.O.F = 7-2
D.O.F = 5

The disturbances W2, x1 and x2 are determined by the surroundings and the manipulated
variables W2 and W are specified by the controller. In this condition, the model is exactly
specified and the system can be controlled.

10. INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM