YÖKDİL SOSYAL

READING
PASSAGES

www.remzihoca.com
 EASY

YÖKDİL SOSYAL
READING PASSAGES

www.remzihoca.com
 READING PASSAGES - EASY

THE EIFFEL TOWER

Paris is the capital city of France. This city is well-known for many things. It’s known for its charming streets,
impressive art, and delicious food. One of the things Paris is most known for is the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower is a
very tall structure. It stands over 1000 feet tall! It has four huge legs. These bend inwards till they meet to form a
single tower. The structure is made of more than 18,000 pieces of iron. These iron pieces make a criss-crossing
framework for the tower. This kind of framework is very strong, but also has many empty spaces. So the Eiffel Tower
is tall and strong, but it weighs very little for its size! This tower was built for a huge event called the World Fair. It was
the main focus of the event. Millions of people saw the tower during and after the event. And many of them hated it!
Some people from Paris felt it was ugly. Others were afraid that it was not strong and safe, and that it might fall.
However, today people love the Eiffel Tower. About 7 million people visit it each year! It is thought of as a beautiful
symbol of Paris.

Vocabulary
afraid (adj): korkmuş
art (n): sanat, beceri
bend (v): bükmek, boyun eğmek
build (v): inşa etmek
charming (adj): çekici
criss-cross (v): çarpraz çizgi çekmek,
boydan boya geçmek
event (n): olay, etkinlik
fair (n): fuar
fall (v): düşmek, azalmak
form (v): oluşmak, şekil vermek
framework (n): temel yapı
however (trans): ancak
huge (adj): kocaman
impressive (adj): etkileyici
iron (n): demir, ütü
meet (v): buluşmak, tanışmak,
gidermek
safe (adj): güvende, güvenli
stand (v): ayakta durmak, tahammül
etmek
structure (n): yapı, bina
tower (n): kule
ugly (adj): çirkin
visit (v): ziyaret etmek
weigh (v): tartmak, hesap etmek

Collocations
capital city : başkent empty space : boş alan main focus : ana odak
delicious food : lezzetli yemek

Preposition
well-known for : ...ile ünlü made of : ...dan yapılmak

2 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - EASY

SOAP
Soap has been around for thousands of years. Early kinds of soap were made from animal fats. When animal fats
were boiled, they turned into soap. Some people believe that soap was invented as early as 2800 BCE. Even though
soap is very old, it was not popular until the 1600s! Before the 1600s, most people could not buy soap because it was
too expensive. Many people got sick because they did not clean themselves with soap. Now, soap is cheap and easy
to make. Most soap is made in factories. People no longer have to boil animal fats to make their own soap. They can
just buy it at the store.

Vocabulary
believe (v): inanmak early (adj): erken, başları invent (v): icat etmek, uydurmak
boil (v): kaynamak easy (adj): kolay, rahat kind (n): tür
buy (v): satın almak expensive (adj): pahalı sick (adj): hasta, midesi bulanmış
cheap (adj): ucuz factory (n): fabrika soap (n): sabun
clean (v): temizlemek fat (n): yağ store (n): mağaza, depo

Collocations
get sick : hastalanmak use soap : sabun kullanmak

Preposition
kind of : ...nın türü turn into : ...ya dönüşmek clean with : ...ile temizlemek
made from : ...dan yapılmak in factory : fabrikada

www.remzihoca.com 3
 READING PASSAGES - EASY

ROMAN EMPIRE
The Roman Empire was the largest empire of the ancient world. Its capital was Rome, and its empire was based on
the Mediterranean. The Empire dates from 27 BC, when Octavian became the Emperor, Augustus. The empire was
the third stage of Ancient Rome. Rome was first ruled by Roman kings, then by the Roman Republic, then by an
emperor. Many modern lands were once part of the Roman Empire, including Britain (not Scotland), Spain, Portugal,
France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Germany, Egypt, and the north coast of Africa. The main language of the Roman Empire
was Latin; Greek was an important secondary language. The western part of the Roman Empire continued for about
500 years, and the eastern part, including Greece and Anatolia, continued for about a thousand years more. The
eastern part was called the Byzantine Empire with a capital at Constantinople, which was the ancient name for the
modern city of Istanbul in Turkey.

Vocabulary
Mediterranean (n): Akdeniz continue (v): devam etmek main (adj): ana
capital (n): başkent, büyük harf, emperor (n): imparator once (adv): bir kez, bir zamanlar
sermaye including (prep): … dahil rule (v): yönetmek, hüküm vermek
coast (n): sahil language (n): dil secondary (adj): ortaokul, ikincil, sonraki
stage (n): aşama, sahne

Collocations
roman empire : roma imparatorluğu ancient world : eski dünya large empire : büyük imparatorluk

Preposition
name for : ...nın adı

4 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - EASY

CHOCOLATE
One of the most popular foods of all time is chocolate. People nowadays eat chocolate in many different forms. We
eat chocolate candy, and we drink hot and cold chocolate drinks. The chocolate we eat today is made from a lot of
different ingredients, but the most important ingredient is cacao bean. The story of cacao bean and its long journey
to stores and supermarkets all over the world started hundreds of years ago in Mexico. Cacao trees need hot and
humid weather, and they originally grew in the Yucatan Peninsula. The Maya were the first people to eat cacao beans.
They picked cacao beans from wild trees and cleared land to cultivate their own trees. They made a drink from cacao
beans and exchanged the beans for other goods. They also used cacao beans for religious ceremonies. Mayan
merchants travelled north and introduced cacao beans to the Aztec people. Soon the cacao bean was part of the
Aztecs' lives. They used it as a drink, as part of religious ceremonies and even as money. With 10 beans, you could buy
a rabbit. With 100 beans, you could buy a slave. The Aztecs could not grow cacao trees because of the dry climate.
When the Aztecs conquered the Maya, they asked for cacao beans as a tribute.

Vocabulary
candy (n): şeker important (adj): önemli rabbit (n): tavşan
clear (v): temizlemek ingredient (n): malzemeler, unsur slave (n): köle
conquer (v): fethetmek, üstesinden gelmek merchant (n): tüccar travel (v): seyahat etmek, yol almak
cultivate (v): ekip biçmek, geliştirmek money (n): para tribute (n): övgü, eser
exchange (v): değiş tokuş etmek nowadays (adv): bugünlerde wild (adj): vahşi, vahşi doğa
grow (v): büyümek originally (adv): başlangıçta

Collocations
different form : farklı şekil/tür humid weather : nemli hava religious ceremony : dinî tören, ayin
long journey : uzun yolculuk hot weather : sıcak hava dry climate : kurak iklim

Preposition
made from : ...dan yapılmak pick from : ...den toplamak introduce to : …ya tanıtmak
all over the world : dünyanın her use for : ... için kullanmak
yerinde

www.remzihoca.com 5
 READING PASSAGES - EASY

TRAFFIC SIGNS
Traffic signs warn you of possible dangers and provide information. They tell you what the rules are and what the
road conditions are like. A road sign is something that gives information by means of a symbol, or in only 1 or 2 words.
It helps people in their vehicles on the road. Without signs and traffic lights there would be many accidents and
arguments on the road. Warning signs are usually black on a yellow background and are mostly diamond shaped.
Pictures, diagrams and symbols are used to alert you to danger. Speed signs are sometimes used together with other
signs. They show the maximum speed that is safe in good conditions. Sometimes other signs are used together with
warning signs to advise on how long you should look out for a particular hazard. Although the purpose of a traffic
signal is to regulate the flow of automobiles, traffic signals emerged long before automobiles were invented. The
idea for developing traffic signals began in the 1800’s, the first gas-lit traffic lights were installed outside the Houses
of Parliament in London. They would signal "stop" and "go" during the day, and at night red and green lights would be
used. In 1909, nine European governments chose four pictorial symbol signs to be used as a standard in some areas.
By 1930, all major American cities and many small towns had at least one electric traffic signal, and the innovation
was spreading around the world. The death rates in the United States fell by more than 50 percent between 1914 and
1930.And the technology became a symbol of progress. The need for new traffic signs is always growing and
changing, especially to keep up with advancements in technology and modern lifestyles. In some places, signs are
going digital.

Vocabulary
accident (n): kaza, tesadüf
argument (n): tartışma, iddia
background (n): arka plan, kişinin
geçmişi
change (v): değişmek, (para) bozdurmak
condition (n): durum, koşul, rahatsızlık
develop (v): gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak
diagram (n): şema
diamond (n): elmas, eşkenar dörtgen
emerge (v): ortaya çıkmak
fall (v): düşmek, azalmak
grow (v): büyümek
hazard (n): tehlike
innovation (n): yenilik
install (v): kurmak, tayin etmek
invent (v): icat etmek, uydurmak
lifestyle (n): yaşam tarzı
parliament (n): millet meclisi
progress (n): ilerleme
purpose (n): amaç
road (n): yol
rule (n): kural, yönetim
safe (adj): güvende, güvenli
signal (v): işaret vermek
speed (n): hız
spread (v): yayılmak
vehicle (n): taşıt

Collocations
traffic sign : trafik işareti
possible danger : olası tehlike
provide information : bilgi sağlamak
give information : bilgi vermek
warning sign : uyarı işareti light gas : gaz yakmak
maximum speed : azami hız motor vehicle : motorlu taşıt
regulate flow : akışı düzenlemek death rate : ölüm oranı

Preposition
warn of : ... hakkında uyarmak
on the road : yolda
alert to : ...ya karşı uyarmak
advise on : ... konuda tavsiye vermek
idea for : …için fikir around the world : dünya genelinde |
during the day : gün boyunca dünyanın etrafında
at night : geceleyin need for : … ihtiyacı
advancement in : ... alanında ilerleme

6 www.remzihoca.com
 MEDIUM

YÖKDİL SOSYAL
READING PASSAGES

www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - MEDIUM

THE DIGITAL DIVIDE

A recent survey has shown that the number of people in the United Kingdom who do not intend to get internet access
has risen. These people make up 44% of UK households, or 11.2 million people in total. The research also showed that
more than 70 percent of these people said that they were not interested in getting connected to the internet. This
number has risen from just over 50% in 2005, with the lack of computer skills as a reason for not getting internet
access, though some also said it was because of the cost. More and more people are getting broadband and high
speed net is available almost everywhere in the UK, but there are still a significant number of people who refuse to
take the first step. The cost of getting online is going down and internet speeds are increasing, so many see the main
challenge to be explaining the relevance of the internet to this group. This would encourage them to get connected
before they are left too far behind. The gap between those who have access to and use the internet is the digital
divide, and if the gap continues to widen, those without access will get left behind and miss out on many
opportunities, especially in their careers.

Vocabulary
access (n): erişim
available (adj): mevcut, müsait
broadband (n): geniş bant
cost (n): maliyet, bedel
encourage (v): teşvik etmek
especially (adv): özellikle
explain (v): açıklamak
household (n): ev halkı
increase (v): artmak
intend (v): niyet etmek
net (n): ağ
opportunity (n): fırsat
refuse (v): reddetmek
relevance (n): ilgi
rise (v): yükselmek, doğmak (güneş),
ayağa kalkmak
show (v): göstermek
skill (n): beceri
though (conj, trans): ...e rağmen, fakat
widen (v): genişletmek

Collocations
recent survey : yeni araştırma high speed : yüksek hız digital divide : sayısal uçurum
research may show : araştırma take step : adım atmak main reason : temel sebep
gösterebilir main challenge : başlıca sorun, engel

Preposition
in total : toplamda lack of : ... eksikliği gap between : …arasındaki boşluk, fark
interested in : …ile ilgili reason for : ...nın sebebi access to : …ya erişim
connect to : …ile bağlantı kurmak challenge to : ...için zorluk key to : ...için önemli

www.remzihoca.com 8
 READING PASSAGES - MEDIUM
1. State whether the following are True (T) 5. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F): or False (F):
More people in the UK do not intend to High speed intenet is not available
get internet access than before. everywhere in the UK.

A) (T) A) (T)
B) (F) B) (F)

2. State whether the following are True (T) 6. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F): or False (F):
Most of those without internet access Many people think that getting the costs
want to get it. down is the key to this problem.

A) (T) A) (T)
B) (F) B) (F)

3. State whether the following are True (T) 7. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F): or False (F):
The minority of the people surveyed in The digital divide is widening in the UK.
2005 weren't interested in having
internet access. A) (T)
B) (F)
A) (T)
B) (F)
8. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F):
4. State whether the following are True (T) Not having access to the internet will
or False (F): only affect people's careers.
The main reason for not getting internet
access is the cost. A) (T)
B) (F)
A) (T)
B) (F)

9 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - MEDIUM

ROBOT BIRDS
Liverpool city council want to clear the city of fat pigeons. They say that that people are feeding the birds, which
makes them fat. The pigeons get bigger because their normal diet would consist of seeds and insects, not high-fat
junk food they are eating in the city centre. The council want people to know that everyone who feeds the pigeons is
responsible for the streets being so crowded with these birds. They hope to encourage the birds to move away from
the city centre and into parks and open spaces. Ten robotic birds have been brought into the city centre to scare the
pigeons away and visitors are asked not to give the pigeons any food. The mechanical birds - known as 'robops' - will
sit on the roofs of buildings. They can be moved around to different locations. They look like a peregrine falcon,
which is a bird that kills pigeons. They even make noises and flap their wings to scare the pigeons. They hope that
the pigeons will go away before the city becomes the European Capital of Culture in two years.

Vocabulary
because (conj, trans): ...dığı için, çünkü feed (v): beslemek robotic (adj): robota ilişkin, robot (dans)
building (n): bina, inşa etme hope (v): ummak roof (n): çatı
clear (v): temizlemek insect (n): böcek scare (v): korkutmak
diet (n): beslenme, rejim location (n): konum seed (n): tohum
different (adj): farklı pigeon (n): güvercin visitor (n): ziyaretçi
encourage (v): teşvik etmek

Collocations
make sb fat : birini şişmanlatmak high-fat food : yüksek yağlı yiyecek give food : yiyecek vermek
get big : büyümek open space : açık/boş alan city council : şehir meclisi

Preposition
responsible for : ...dan sorumlu crowded with : …ile dolu sit on : ...üzerinde oturmak/bulunmak

www.remzihoca.com 10
 READING PASSAGES - MEDIUM
1. State whether the following are True (T) 4. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F): or False (F):
Pigeons get fat because they eat seeds Visitors shouldn't feed the pigeons.
and insects.
A) (T)
A) (T) B) (F)
B) (F)
5. State whether the following are True (T)
2. State whether the following are True (T) or False (F):
or False (F): The robotic birds can move around the
According to the council, everyone is to city centre.
blame for the numbers of pigeons.
A) (T)
A) (T) B) (F)
B) (F)
6. State whether the following are True (T)
3. State whether the following are True (T) or False (F):
or False (F): Liverpool is the European Capital of
They want the pigeons to move out of Culture.
the city centre.
A) (T)
A) (T) B) (F)
B) (F)

11 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - MEDIUM

THE INTERNET
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite,
a set of communications protocols, to serve billions of users worldwide. The internet has reshaped and redefined
most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television. This has given birth to new
services. Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting to Web site technology, or are reshaped into
blogging and web feeds. The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant
messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets and
small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across
entire industries. The origins of the Internet reach back to research of the 1960s, commissioned by the United States
government in collaboration with private commercial interests to build robust, fault-tolerant, and distributed
computer networks. The commercialization of what was by the 1990s an international network resulted in its
popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2011, more than 2.1 billion
people —nearly a third of Earth's population — use the services of the Internet.

Vocabulary
accelerate (v): hızlanmak
artisan (n): zanaatkar
aspect (n): özellik
boom (v): ani ses çıkarmak, artmak
commercialization (n): ticarileş(tir)me
commission (v): görevlendirmek,
rütbe vermek
communication (n): iletişim
enable (v): olanak sağlamak
entire (adj): bütün
global (adj): küresel
including (prep): … dahil
incorporation (n): birleşme
industry (n): sanayi, çalışkanlık
interconnect (v): birbirine bağlamak
media (n): medya
newspaper (n): gazete
origin (n): köken
outlet (n): çıkış, indirim mağazası, priz
popularization (n): kitleselleştirme
print (n): baskı
private (adj): özel
publishing (n): yayıncılık
research (n): araştırma
reshape (v): şeklini değiştirmek
retail (n): perakende satış
robust (adj): sağlam
serve (v): hizmet etmek, görev
yapmak, işe yaramak
service (n): hizmet, çalışma süresi
trader (n): tüccar
user (n): kullanıcı
virtually (adv): neredeyse
worldwide (adj, adv): dünya çapında

Collocations
computer network : bilgisayar ağı
new form : yeni çeşit, biçim
human interaction : insan etkileşimi
instant message : anlık ileti
social network : sosyal ağ commercial interest : ticari ilgi
online shopping : internet üzerinden human life : insan hayatı
alışveriş use service : hizmet kullanmak
supply chain : tedarik zinciri

Preposition
in distress : tehlikede/sıkıntıda associated with : ... ile ilişkili story about : ...hakkında hikaye
similar to : ...ya benzer in the hole : bir delikte

www.remzihoca.com 12
 READING PASSAGES - MEDIUM
1. State whether the following are True (T) 3. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F): or False (F):
The internet has completely dethroned The internet was first introduced in the
traditional media. 1990s.

A) (T) A) (T)
B) (F) B) (F)

2. State whether the following are True (T) 4. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F): or False (F):
The internet has had an impact on More than a quarter of the Earth's
commerce. population are internet users.

A) (T) A) (T)
B) (F) B) (F)

13 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - MEDIUM

THE PRINTING PRESS

From a single point of origin, Mainz, Germany, printing spread within several decades to over two hundred cities in a
dozen European countries. By 1500, printing presses in operation throughout Western Europe had already produced
more than twenty million volumes. In the 16th century, with presses spreading further afield, their output rose
tenfold to an estimated 150 to 200 million copies. The operation of a press became so synonymous with the
enterprise of printing that it lent its name to an entire new branch of media, the press. In Renaissance Europe, the
arrival of mechanical movable type printing introduced the era of mass communication which permanently altered
the structure of society. The relatively unrestricted circulation of information and ideas transcended borders and
threatened the power of political and religious authorities. The sharp increase in literacy broke the monopoly of the
literate elite on education and learning and supported the emerging middle class.

Vocabulary
afield (adv): uzakta
arrival (n): varış
border (n): sınır, şerit
branch (n): branş, dal, nehir kolu
circulation (n): dolaşım
emerging (adj): gelişmekte olan
enterprise (n): girişim
entire (adj): bütün
era (n): çağ
estimated (adj): tahmini
information (n): bilgi produce (v): üretmek, neden olmak
introduce (v): tanıştırmak, ortaya koymak relatively (adv): nispeten
lend (v): ödünç vermek, kredi vermek rise (v): yükselmek, doğmak (güneş),
literacy (n): okuryazarlık ayağa kalkmak
movable (adj): taşınabilir support (v): desteklemek
operation (n): ameliyat, operasyon, threaten (v): tehdit etmek
işletme transcend (v): aşmak
output (n): çıktı, çıkış unrestricted (adj): sınırlanmamış
power (n): güç, enerji volume (n): hacim, cilt, ses (gücü)
press (n): basın

Collocations
mass communication : kitle iletişimi
alter permanently : kalıcı olarak
değiştirmek
alter structure : yapısını değiştirmek
political authority : siyasal otorite break monopoly : tekeli bozmak
religious authority : dini otorite negative effect : olumsuz etki
sharp increase : keskin artış/yükseliş middle class : orta sınıf

Preposition
synonymous with : ... ile eş anlamlı
spread over : ... üzerinde yayılmak
in operation : çalışmakta
lend to : ...ya ödünç vermek
increase in : ...de artış rise in : ...da artış
monopoly on : ... üzerinde tekel effect on : …üzerinde etki
in use : kullanımda, tedavülde
link to : ... ile bağlantılı olmak, ilişkili olmak

www.remzihoca.com 14
 READING PASSAGES - MEDIUM
1. State whether the following are True (T) 3. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F): or False (F):
By the beginning of the 16th century, Printing had a negative effect on the
the printing press was in use in several middle classes.
different countries.
A) (T)
A) (T) B) (F)
B) (F)

2. State whether the following are True (T)

or False (F):
Movable type printing can be linked to a
rise in the number of people who could
read and write.

A) (T)
B) (F)

15 www.remzihoca.com
 HARD

YÖKDİL SOSYAL
READING PASSAGES

www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

BLACK DEATH
The Black Death is the name for a terrible disease that spread throughout Europe from 1347 to 1350. There was no
cure for the disease and it was highly contagious. The plague likely started in Asia and travelled westward along the
Silk Road. The disease was carried by fleas that lived on rats. Historians think that black rats living on European
trading ships caught the disease, eventually bringing it to Europe.
It's hard to imagine how scary life was in the Middle Ages during the Black Death. By the time the disease ran
finished, it had killed at least one third of the people in Europe and probably more. In Paris it's estimated that
around 800 people died a day. There were so many dead that they couldn't bury them. They had to carry them to
massive pits.
Unfortunately, the people in the Middle Ages didn't know that the disease was carried by rats. This made larger
cities and towns especially dangerous as there were lots of rats there. Sometimes entire towns or villages were
wiped out by the plague.
As you might expect, there was panic. Many people were sure it was the end of the world. People locked their doors
and tried to hide in their houses. However, this did little good in cities where rats, and therefore fleas, were
everywhere. They also burned down houses and even entire villages to try and stop the disease.
Today we call this disease the bubonic plague. Very few people get the disease today and most of those that do
recover fine. When people got the disease in the Middle Ages, they almost always died. People would get really sick
including black and blue blotches all over their body.
Much of the infrastructure of Europe was gone when the Black Death finally subsided. It's estimated that it took
around 150 years for Europe to rebuild.

Vocabulary
blotch (n): leke however (trans): ancak rebuild (v): tekrar inşa etmek,
bring (v): getirmek imagine (v): hayal etmek, sanmak canlandırmak
bury (v): gömmek, gizlemek including (prep): … dahil recover (v): iyileşmek
die (v): ölmek infrastructure (n): altyapı scary (adj): korkutucu
entire (adj): bütün likely (adv): muhtemelen silk (n): ipek
estimate (v): tahmin etmek massive (adj): muazzam sure (adj): emin
eventually (adv): sonunda pit (n): çukur, maden ocağı, terrible (adj): korkunç
expect (v): ummak meyve/sebze çekirdeği therefore (trans): bu yüzden
flea (n): pire plague (n): veba trading (n): ticaret
historian (n): tarihçi rat (n): sıçan, hain travel (v): seyahat etmek, yol almak

www.remzihoca.com 17

Collocations
disease may spread : hastalık yayılabilir
highly contagious : yüksek derecede
bulaşıcı
catch disease : hastalığı yakalanmak
the Middle Age : Orta Çağ
make sth dangerous : bir şeyi tehlikeli
hale getirmek
lock door : kapıyı kilitlemek
bubonic plague : hıyarcıklı veba
READING PASSAGES - HARD
get disease : hastalık kapmak take action : harekete geçmek, adım
get sick : hastalanmak atmak
subside finally : sonunda azalmak living conditions : yaşam koşulları
take year : yıl sürmek strategic plan : stratejik plan
state accurately : doğru bir şekilde give time : zaman vermek
ifade etmek give treatment : tedavi etmek
main idea : ana fikir dry skin : kuru cilt
important point : önemli nokta itchy skin : kaşıntılı cilt

Prepositions
name for : ...nın adı
spread throughout : ... boyunca yayılmak
cure for : ... için tedavi
hide in : ...da/içinde saklanmak
be known as : ... olarak bilinmek at church : kilisede
save from : ...dan kurtarmak infer from : ...dan çıkarım yapmak
effective in : …da etkili chance for : …için şans
defend against : ...ya karşı savunmak

1. State whether the following are True (T) 4. State whether the following are True (T) or
or False (F): False (F):
The Black Plague is also known as the Fleas carried the Black Plague.
Black Spots of Death
A) (T)
A) (T) B) (F)
B) (F)
5. State whether the following are True (T) or
2. State whether the following are True (T) False (F):
or False (F): Burning down house saved many
People who caught the Black Plague people from the Black Plague.
often recovered in the Middle Ages.
A) (T)
A) (T) B) (F)
B) (F)
6. Which of the following could be another
3. State whether the following are True (T) title for this passage?
or False (F):
Traders carried the Black Black to A) Plagues, their Pros and Cons
Europe along the Silk Road. B) How Europe Defeated the Black Plague

A) (T) C) The Black Plague and Its Destruction of

Europe
B) (F)
D) Why the Black Plague Came to Europe
E) Stories of the Silk Road

18 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

7. The meaning of the word "highly" in 11. The passage states that the Black
this passage is ----. Plague occurred because ----.

A) elevated A) of trade ships coming from America carrying

B) forgotten black rats
C) too much B) rats carried the Bubonic Plague from the Far
East
D) very
C) of dirty living conditions in the Middle Ages of
E) above others Europe
D) fleas with the Bubonic Plague were carried on
8. The word "wiped out" is rats along the Silk Road from the East
closest in meaning to ----. E) people ate rats and caught the plague from
the food
A) cleaned
B) destroyed
12. The passage mentions each of the
C) washed following EXCEPT ----.
D) dropped
A) It is hard to imagine how difficult life was in
E) fell off the Middle Ages
B) The Black Death killed more than one third of
9. What does the pronoun "this" in Europe
this passage refers to? C) In Paris more than 800 people died per day
A) panicking D) There were too many people to bury so they
were buried in mass pits/graves
B) the Black Plague
E) The Bubonic Plague may have killed almost
C) believing it is the end of the world
90% of people in Europe
D) burning down houses
E) locking the door and hiding inside
13. According to this passage, ----.

10. Which of the following most A) people did not know that the fleas on the rats
accurately states the main idea of carried the Bubonic Plague
the passage? B) people thought the Black Plague was a type
A) The Black Plague was an important of magic
point in the development of modern C) many lives were saved by burning down
Europe. houses and villages
B) People in the Middle Ages were D) hiding inside and locking the door stopped the
resourceful and effective in fighting the plague
Bubonic Plague. E) the villager did not panic but instead made
C) The Silk Road changed the Middle strategic plan for defence and recovery
Ages of Europe through trade and
disease.
D) The Black Plague arrived via the Silk
Road and destroyed most of Europe
regardless of actions taken to defend
against the plague.
E) Communities came together to defend
their villages and towns against the
plague.

www.remzihoca.com 19

14. According to the passage, people who
caught the Bubonic Plague ----.
A) recovered if given time and treatment
B) had skin with black and blue blotches and
always died in the Middle Ages
C) had a type of dry and itchy skin
D) asked to be burned to save them from going
to hell
E) often were saved by the priests at the
churches
20
READING PASSAGES - HARD
15. It can be inferred from the passage that
----.
A) humans can not fight the Black Plague
always die
B) if the Bubonic Plague returns most of Europe
will be destroyed
C) medicine has advanced a lot since the Middle
Ages and can save people from the plague
D) the plague was a chance for people leave the
cities and hide in the country
E) humanity has developed and changed little
since the Middle Ages
www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

COLONIALISM
Colonialism happens when a country takes control of other lands, regions, or areas outside of its borders by turning
those other lands, regions, or territories into a colony. Usually, it is a more powerful, richer country that takes
control of a smaller, less powerful region or territory. Sometimes the word "imperialism" is also used to refer to
colonialism.
In the 1700s and 1800s, many of the richer, more powerful European countries such as Britain, France, Spain, and
the Netherlands established colonies in the continents of Africa, South America, and the Caribbean.
Some countries use colonialism to get more land for their people to live in. By doing so, the country will help
immigrants move to the new area. The local people living in the land or territories were usually moved away by
using force and violence from armies. To protect these immigrants from the local residents who were pushed
aside, colonial nations often set up a military castle or colonial police system.
Other countries use colonialism to get more land so that they can use the land for farming or to take out resources
such as trees, coal, or metal, or creating a local government or military castle.
Other countries use colonialism so that they can get workers from the poorer country to work in factories or farms.
In the past, powerful countries that were colonizing poorer countries or regions often forced the people from the
poorer countries to work as slaves.

Vocabulary
army (n): ordu farming (n): çiftçilik resident (n): sakin
border (n): sınır, şerit happen (v): meydana gelmek resource (n): kaynak
colonialism (n): kolonicilik immigrant (n): göçmen slave (n): köle
colony (n): koloni land (n): kara, ülke territory (n): bölge
continent (n): kıta powerful (adj): güçlü worker (n): işçi

www.remzihoca.com 21

Collocations
take control : kontrolü almak
rich country : zengin ülke
establish colony : koloni kurmak
local people : yerel halk
use force : güç kullanmak
use violence : şiddet kullanmak
READING PASSAGES - HARD
local government : yerel yönetim manual labour : el işçiliği
common practice : yaygın/genel natural resource : doğal kaynak
uygulama get aid : yardım almak
face hardship : sıkıntılarla karşı advanced technology : ileri teknoloji
karşıya kalmak
gain independence : bağımsızlık
kazanmak

Prepositions
turn into : ...ya dönüşmek in the world : dünyada transfer from : ...dan aktarmak
protect from : ...dan korumak extract from : ...dan çıkarmak throughout history : tarih boyunca
in the past : geçmişte

1. State whether the following are True 4. State whether the following are True (T)
(T) or False (F): or False (F):
Generally with colonialism, poorer The word imperialism and colonialism
countries are offering themselves have roughly the same definition.
to richer countries to be used.
A) (T)
A) (T) B) (F)
B) (F)
5. State whether the following are True (T)
2. State whether the following are True or False (F):
(T) or False (F): Colonial countries control colonized
Often, the people of rich imperialist countries with taxation not policing.
countries would go and work as
slaves in the poor colonised country. A) (T)
B) (F)
A) (T)
B) (F)
6. Which of the following could be another
title for this passage?
3. State whether the following are True
(T) or False (F): A) Basic History and Structures of Colonialism
Rich European countries were B) When England Ruled the World
very active imperialists in the C) The Military and Imperialism
1700 and 1800's.
D) European Domination of the World
A) (T) E) The 1700 and 1800's Culture of Europe
B) (F)

22 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

7. The meaning of the word “take out” in 11. According to this passage, a colony is --
this passage is ----. --.

A) remove A) a poorer or less powerful country or region

B) destroy which gets protection, aid and advanced
technology transfers from a richer or more
C) date
powerful country
D) kill
B) a poorer or less powerful region controlled by
E) put out another country for the benefit of the
controlling country
C) a country with very low population density and
8. The word “turning” is
a very basic technological level
closest in meaning to ----.
D) a country whose businesses are mostly
A) rotating worker-owned cooperatives and whose
B) altering citizens tend to live in shared housing
C) changing E) a newly settled territory
D) redoing
E) switching 12. According to this passage, ----.

A) controlling countries may send their excess

9. What does the pronoun “they” in
this passage refers to?
A) colonial nations
B) lands
C) colonial police
D) other countries
E) military castles
10. This passage is mainly about ----.
A) how the British colonies in the New
World became the United States
B) the political and geographical
requirements of military castles
C) how powerful countries take control of
other countries and turn them into
colonies
D) how countries throughout history have
dealt with the problem of
overpopulation
E) why some countries are much wealthier
than others
population to live in colonies, after forcibly
removing the people native to the colonized
country
B) controlling countries may bring workers in
from their colonies to do low-paid manual
labour, or even to work as slaves
C) controlling countries may extract natural
resources from their colonies and use those
resources to enrich the controlling country's
people
D) controlling countries may use lands for
farming
E) all of the above
13. Which of the following was NOT listed in
the passage above as a controlling
country that created colonies?
A) Britain
B) France
C) Spain
D) The Netherlands
E) Ecuador

www.remzihoca.com 23
 READING PASSAGES - HARD

14. According to this passage, many 15. The author suggests in this passage
colonies were established in ----. that ----.

A) North and South America A) slavery is no longer a common practice of

B) the Caribbean, South America and Africa colonizing countries
C) Africa and Asia B) there are no more colonies in the world
D) remote island areas C) countries which have been colonized face
many economic hardships when the gain their
E) Australia and New Zealand independence
D) most of the time, Western nations have
colonized Eastern nations
E) colonialism has led to greater international
equality and solidarity

24 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

The Neolithic Revolution is the transformation of human societies from being hunter-gatherer based to agriculture
based. This period, which occurred between 12,000 and 8,000 years ago, brought along many profound changes to
human society and culture, including the creation of cities and permanent dwellings, labour specialization, the baking of
bread and brewing of beer, personal property, more complex hierarchical social structures, non-agricultural crafts,
slavery, the state, official marriage, personal inheritance, and more. The term
"Neolithic revolution" refers both to the period of time when it occurred as well as the enduring changes it caused.
Tens of thousands of years ago, there were no crops: only the primitive ancestors of the plants we recognize as being
edible. After hundreds or thousands of generations of purposeful and accidental selection by human farmers, who
would destroy or confiscate the seeds of plants with undesirable qualities, we domesticated strains optimized for
maximum nutrition and largest yield. The so-called "Neolithic founder crops" include emmer, einkorn, barley, lentil, pea,
chickpea, bitter vetch, and flax. These are all new species created by human intervention into wild ancestor species.
The use of fields for crop-growing and granaries for the storage of food simplify this whole nutrition endeavour for
humans, allowing for non-farming occupations in society. Trade and barter systems emerged, as well as informal
currencies. Farmers could be paid for supplying others with food. Soldiers could be trained and armies raised. The
creation of personal goods and food stores meant that plundering from raiders became more common, necessitating a
soldier class to protect the farmers. The Neolithic revolution was the first fundamental restructuring of human affairs
seen in a couple hundred thousand years. The Neolithic revolution first emerged in the Fertile Crescent, around
present-day Iraq, which would also be the founding site of the world's first large cities, including Babylon. Mankind was
most active and prosperous around the Near and Middle East at this time. Some of the oldest known human settlements
were founded in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey just a couple thousand years after the conclusion of the Neolithic revolution.

Vocabulary
accidental (adj): kazara
agriculture (n): tarım
ancestor (n): ata
bake (v): fırında pişirmek
barter (n): değiş tokuş
brew (v): bira yapmak, demlemek, için
için kaynamak
chickpea (n): nohut
conclusion (n): sonuç
confiscate (v): haciz koymak
crescent (n): hilal
currency (n): para birimi
destroy (v): yok etmek
domesticate (v): evcilleştirmek
edible (adj): yenilebilir
emerge (v): ortaya çıkmak
endeavour (n): çaba
enduring (adj): uzun süre dayanan
fertile (adj): verimli, doğurgan
flax (n): keten (bitki)
founding (adj): kurucu
fundamental (adj): temel
generation (n): nesil, enerji üretimi
hunter-gatherer (n): avcı toplayıcı
including (prep): … dahil
informal (adj): gayriresmi
inheritance (n): miras, kalıtım
labour (n): iş, iş gücü, doğum sancısı
mankind (n): insanoğlu
marriage (n): evlilik
necessitate (v): gerektirmek
nutrition (n): beslenme
occupation (n): meslek, işgal etme
occur (v): meydana gelmek
optimize (v): en uygun hâle getirmek
plunder (v): yağma etmek
primitive (adj): ilkel
prosperous (adj): zengin
purposeful (adj): kararlı
quality (n): kalite, nitelik
raider (n): yağmacı
restructuring (n): yeniden yapılandırma
selection (n): seçim
simplify (v): basitleştirmek
site (n): alan, web sitesi
slavery (n): kölelik
specialization (n): uzmanlık
storage (n): depolama
undesirable (adj): istenmeyen

www.remzihoca.com 25

Collocations
human society : insan toplumu
profound change : büyük değişiklik
permanent dwelling : kalıcı konut
personal property : kişisel mülkiyet
hierarchical structure : hiyerarşik yapı
train soldier : asker eğitmek
raise army : ordu toplamak
Prepositions
transformation from : ...dan dönüşüm
recognize as : ... olarak tanımak
pay for : ...yı karşılamak, ...nın parasını
ödemek
1. State whether the following are True
(T) or False (F):
Slavery was abolished during
the Neolithic revolution.
A) (T)
B) (F)
2. State whether the following are True
(T) or False (F):
The Neolithic revolution first
emerged in Western Europe.
A) (T)
B) (F)
3. State whether the following are True
(T) or False (F):
Trade and barter systems emerged
during the Neolithic revolution.
A) (T)
B) (F)
READING PASSAGES - HARD
human affair : insan ilişkisi social order : toplumsal düzen
human settlement : insan yerleşimi effective weapon : etkili silah
mass destruction : toplu yıkım make sb aggressive : sinirlendirmek
cereal grain : tahıl tanesi important discovery : önemli keşif
domesticated animal : evcilleştirilmiş human civilization : insan uygarlığı
hayvan human progress : insani gelişme
urban society : kentsel toplum
supply sb with sth : birine bir şeyi need for : … ihtiyacı
tedarik etmek obstacle to : …ya engel / ...nın
change in : …da değişiklik önündeki engel
4. State whether the following are True
(T) or False (F):
Beer was first brewed during
the Neolithic revolution.
A) (T)
B) (F)
5. State whether the following are True
(T) or False (F):
The first recognizable humans
appeared during the Neolithic
revolution.
A) (T)
B) (F)
6. Which of the following could be
another title for this passage?
A) The Neolithic Revolution: The Beginning
of the Social Justice Movement
B) The Neolithic Revolution: The Dawn
of Commerce and Agriculture
C) The Neolithic Revolution: The First
Weapons of Mass Destruction
D) The Neolithic Revolution: History’s
Greatest Genetic Breakthrough
E) The Neolithic Revolution: The Dawn
of Democracy
26 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

7. The meaning of the word "trained" 11. Which of the following does this
in this passage is ----. passage say about how fighting
changed during the Neolithic
A) aimed revolution?
B) pulled behind
A) The development of agriculture meant that
C) brought up everyone had what they needed, so there was
D) taught no more need for war.
E) linked together B) As people accumulated more possessions,
raids became more frequent and soldiers were
trained to protect property.
8. The word "strains" in this passage
is closest in meaning to ----. C) Effective weapons were developed which
allowed wars to be fought more quickly and
A) tension-related injuries decisively.
B) changes in size D) The eating of grain inflamed people’s immune
C) musical sounds systems and made them much more
aggressive than they had been before.
D) varieties or species
E) There was no change.
E) massive exertions

9. What does the underlined 12. The passage lists all these things as
pronoun "these" refer to? changes that occurred during the
Neolithic Revolution, EXCEPT ----.
A) Neolithic founder crops
A) the brewing of beer
B) cereal grains
B) the domestication of crops for maximum yield
C) domesticated animals
C) the beginning of slavery
D) flax and hemp
D) the baking of bread
E) Neolithic humans
E) the discovery of fire

10. This passage is mainly about ----.

13. Which of these is NOT listed as a crop
A) the transformation from a domesticated during the Neolithic
hunter-gatherer society to an Revolution?
agricultural society
A) cotton
B) the transformation from an agricultural
society to an urban society B) vetch
C) the transformation from isolated roving C) barley
bands to an organized hunter-gatherer D) lentils
society
E) flax
D) how the invention of alcohol changed
human life, for better and for worse
E) how Neolithic people overthrew a
repressive social order

www.remzihoca.com 27
 READING PASSAGES - HARD

14. This passage says that the Neolithic 15. We can infer from this passage that ----.
Revolution began in the area now called
----. A) people would be healthier and happier if they
were still hunter-gatherers
A) Britain B) technological development tends to lead to
B) Greece more peaceful and just societies
C) Egypt C) changes in technology and changes in social
D) Iraq organization tend to happen together
E) China D) most important discoveries in the history of
human civilization were made in Europe
E) religion is the greatest obstacle to human
progress

28 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Sub-Saharan Africa comprises 49 of Africa's 54 states. All of them are in central Africa except the five Arab states
are on the Mediterranean. In 2010 sub-Saharan Africa was home to more than 853 million people. This region has
the highest population growth in the world. DSW (Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevölkerung) estimates that the
population is likely to triple by the end of the 21st century: one in three people would then live in Africa. The end of
the Cold War and the worldwide structural change process in the 1990’s triggered radical transformations in Africa.
In almost every country of the region, multi-party presidential or parliamentary elections have been held. Progress
towards regional and pan-African cooperation are reinforcing this positive trend. Joint African organisations and
institutions are promoting cross-border cooperation, shared values and conflict resolution mechanisms. However,
long-term democratic stability is under threat in some countries from armed conflict, political and ethnic tension,
border disputes and unstable state structures. Corruption, capital flight, national debt, dependence on global
commodity markets, the brain drain and inequitable world trade regulations are also inhibiting progress towards a
better state, society and economy. Sub-Saharan Africa is still the world's poorest region. In the latest Human
Development Index (HDI) of the United Nations Development Programme, 28 countries in this region are listed
among the world's 30 least developed countries. Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region in the world where poverty
has increased since 1990. Although real per capita income has increased, the absolute number of poor has grown
by around 100 million. More than two thirds of the people in sub-Saharan Africa live on less than two US dollars per
day. Widespread poverty has knock-on effects for nutrition and health in particular. More than one fifth of the
region's people are thought to suffer from malnutrition. Average life expectancy is a mere 54 years – in industrial
countries it is 78 years. Nearly 40 per cent of the population are still without adequate water supplies and almost
70 per cent without proper sanitation. The immune deficiency disease AIDS and other infectious diseases such as
malaria and tuberculosis are also taking a heavy toll.

Vocabulary
Mediterranean (n): Akdeniz
absolute (adj): mutlak
although (conj, trans): ...e rağmen, fakat
border (n): sınır, şerit
central (adj): merkezi
commodity (n): ürün
comprise (v): oluşturmak
corruption (n): yolsuzluk
cross-border (adj): sınır ötesi
dispute (n): anlaşmazlık
estimate (v): tahmin etmek
except (conj): ... hariç
however (trans): ancak
inequitable (adj): haksız
inhibit (v): engellemek
institution (n): kurum, gelenek
joint (adj): ortaklaşa
likely (adj): olası
malaria (n): sıtma
malnutrition (n): yetersiz beslenme
market (n): pazar, piyasa
nutrition (n): beslenme
poverty (n): yoksulluk
promote (v): teşvik etmek, terfi
ettirmek, reklamını yapmak
regulation (n): düzenleme
reinforce (v): güçlendirmek
sanitation (n): hijyen
state (n): durum, devlet, eyalet
trigger (v): tetiklemek
triple (v): üç kat artmak
unstable (adj): dengesiz

www.remzihoca.com 29

Collocations
population growth : nüfus artışı
cold war : soğuk savaş
structural change : yapısal değişiklik
radical transformation : köklü dönüşüm
parliamentary election : parlamento
seçimi
hold an election : seçim düzenlemek
positive trend : olumlu eğilim
shared values : paylaşılan değerler
conflict resolution : çatışmanın çözümü
long-term stability : uzun vadeli istikrar
armed conflict : silahlı çatışma
political tension : siyasi gerilim
ethnic tension : etnik gerginlik
Prepositions
home to : ...ya ev sahipliği yapan
in the world : dünyada
progress towards : ...ya doğru/yönünde
ilerleme
1. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F):
The only area in the world where
poverty has increased over the last 25
years is Sub-Saharan Africa.
A) (T)
B) (F)
2. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F):
80 percent of people living in Sub-
Saharan Africa are malnourished.
A) (T)
B) (F)
3. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F):
Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest
population growth rate in the world.
A) (T)
B) (F)
READING PASSAGES - HARD
capital flight : sermaye kaçışı yetersizliği
national debt : devlet borcu infectious disease : bulaşıcı hastalık
global commodity : küresel ürün heavy toll : büyük kayıp/hasar
inhibit progression : ilerlemeyi take toll : kayba/hasara neden olmak
engellemek politically stable : siyasi açıdan istikrarlı
poor region : fakir bölge natural resource : doğal kaynak
developed country : gelişmiş ülke take step : adım atmak
income may increase : gelir artabilir political issue : politik konu
widespread poverty : geniş çaplı social issue : toplumsal mesele
yoksulluk political landscape : siyasi görünüm
life expectancy : ömür | yaşam change dramatically : çarpıcı bir
süresi/beklentisi biçimde değişmek
water supply : su kaynağı foreign power : dış mihrak
immune deficiency : bağışıklık cultural sensitivity : kültürel duyarlılık
under threat : tehdit altında lack of : ... eksikliği
dependence on : …ya bağlı olma across the border : sınırı geçme
per day : her gün
4. State whether the following are True (T) or
False (F):
It is estimated that by the end of this
century 50 percent of the world’s
population will live in Sub-Saharan
Africa.
A) (T)
B) (F)
5. State whether the following are True (T) or
False (F):
Most countries in this area of the world
are very politically stable but suffer from
a lack of natural resources and
professional people.
A) (T)
B) (F)
6. Which of the following could be another
title for this passage?
A) Sub-Saharan Africa and Potential
B) The Future of Sub-Saharan Africa
C) Life Expectancy and Sub-Saharan Africa
D) Africa Breakdown
E) Poverty, Population and Politics in Sub-
Saharan Africa
30 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

7. The meaning of the word “ 11. The passage mentions each of the
absolute” in this passage is ----. following EXCEPT ----.

A) partial A) in every single country in Sub-Saharan Africa

B) total there have been free and fair elections
C) certain B) since the 1990’s Sub-Saharan Africa has
changed quite dramatically in terms of the
D) controlling political landscape
E) rough C) currently, there are many groups trying to
achieve cooperation across borders in the
8. The word “disputes” is hope of achieving more shared values
closest in meaning to ----. D) in most countries in the region there have
been elections with multiple candidates
A) disagreements running for office
B) arguments E) joint organisations have been formed to try
C) fights and promote conflict resolution
D) wars
E) violence 12. The passage states that democratic
instability persists because ----.
9. What does the pronoun “it” in
A) people in Sub-Saharan Africa are not used to
this passage refers to?
a centralised form of government but are
A) 54 years happy with tribes and warlords
B) malnutrition B) of the simple reason of money corrupting the
political system and people not being able to
C) the average
access wealth
D) health
C) a variety of very complex reasons, all of
E) average life expectancy which come from foreign powers interfering in
Sub-Saharan Africa
10. This paragraph is mostly about ----. D) most people leave the region and try to
escape to Europe
A) regional differences in Africa and
E) of a variety of reasons such as war,
population growth forecasts
corruption, unstable institutions, and ethnic
B) the causes of instability in problems to name just a few issues
Sub-Saharan Africa and the steps
being taken to resolve social and
political issues 13. According to this paragraph, ----.
C) the population growth, persistent poverty, A) the people of Sub-Saharan Africa are one of
and political instability that are occurring the world’s poorest places after India and
in Sub- Saharan Africa South-East Asia
D) poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa and B) Sub-Saharan Africa is the world’s poorest
the situation and events that caused region with the number of poor people at 100
poverty ensure that it continues million
E) changes towards increasingly positive C) the rates of poverty have been decreasing
and stable democratic forms of since the 1990’s when new health policies
government in Sub-Saharan Africa were introduced
D) in Sub-Saharan Africa the rates of per capita
income and poverty are both decreasing due
to political instability
E) about 50 percent of the population live on less
than five dollars a day

www.remzihoca.com 31

14. According to the passage, life
expectancy ----.
A) is at a basic universal level of approximately
74 years globally
B) in Sub-Saharan Africa is the same as the rest
of Africa and even higher in some countries
C) in Sub-Saharan Africa is slowly closing in on
modern countries at 78 years life expectancy
D) is a mere 54 years of age in Sub-Saharan
Africa
E) is a very low for men in Sub-Saharan Africa
quite much higher for women
32
READING PASSAGES - HARD
15. It can be inferred from the passage that
----.
A) there are multiple factor facing Sub-Saharan
Africa and that they will only be solved with
time, assistance, leadership and cultural
sensitivity
B) the challenges facing Sub-Saharan Africa can
not be solved and that it may be best to forget
the concept of democratic countries in that
area
C) the future of Sub-Saharan Africa will have to
be fixed by outside forces and military groups
taking over the countries
D) eventually the countries in that region will
band together to form a super state like the
European Union
E) if people are not extremely careful the entire
region may be destroyed by disease and
become a desert
www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLOURS

The psychology of colour is based on the mental and emotional effects colours have on sighted people. Did you
know your surroundings may be influencing your emotions and state of mind? Do you ever notice that certain
places especially irritate you? Or that certain places are especially relaxing and calming? Well, there’s a good
chance that the colours in those spaces are playing a part.
In art therapy, colour is often associated with a person’s emotions. Colour may also influence a person’s mental or
physical state. For example, studies have shown that some people looking at the colour red resulted in an increased
heart rate. Looking at the colour red led to adrenaline being pumped into the bloodstream.
There are also commonly noted psychological effects of colour as it relates to two main categories: warm and cool.
Warm colours – such as red, yellow and orange – can affect a variety of emotions ranging from comfort and warmth
to hostility and anger. Cool colours – such as green, blue and purple – often affect feelings of calmness as well as
sadness. The concepts of colour psychology can also be applied in everyday life. For example, maybe you’re
planning on painting your walls with a new colour scheme. Well, you might want to consider some of these
suggestions about colours and how they might affect your emotions and mood.
Do you need to be creative? Try using the colour purple. Purple uses both red and blue. Purple provides a nice
balance between stimulation and serenity that is supposed to encourage creativity. Light purple is said to result in
a peaceful surrounding, thus relieving tension. These could be great colours for a home or business office.
Are you looking for a peaceful and calming environment? You might consider using green and/or blue. These cool
colours are considered restful. There is actually a bit of scientific logic. The eye focusing on the colour green hits
the retina. It is said to be less strainful on your eye muscles. The colour blue is suggested for busy rooms. Blue is a
calming and serene colour and is said to decrease respiration and lower blood pressure. The bedroom is a great
place to use these colours as they should help you relax.
Do you want to create an environment of stimulation or increase people's appetite? You might consider utilizing the
colours yellow or orange. These colours are often linked with food and can cause your tummy to grumble a little.
Have you ever wondered why so many restaurants use these colours? You need to be careful about using bright
colours like orange and especially yellow. They reflect more light and stimulate a person’s eyes. Overstimulation
can lead to irritation. You also probably don’t want to paint your dining room or kitchen with these colours if you
keep track of your food and calorie intake.
Moreover, marketing and advertising are well-known for utilizing colour psychology. Some companies have
invested a lot of money in colour research. This investment shows they believe in the concepts of colour
psychology. Colour is used to make people hungry, encourage trust and increase feelings of calmness or energy.
Most marketing and advertising executives will agree that understanding psychological effects of colours has
benefits.

www.remzihoca.com 33

Vocabulary
advertising (n): reklamcılık
apply (v): başvurmak, uygulamak,
sürmek (krem vs),
ile ilgisi olmak (kural, kanun)
benefit (n): yarar, devlet yardımı
bloodstream (n): kan dolaşımı
calming (adj): sakinleştirici
calmness (n): sakinlik
concept (n): kavram
consider (v): düşünmek
decrease (v): azalmak
emotion (n): duygu
emotional (adj): duygusal
READING PASSAGES - HARD
executive (n): yönetici
grumble (v): söylenmek, (karnı)
guruldamak
hostility (n): düşmanlık, savaş durumu
influence (v): etkilemek
irritate (v): sinirlendirmek, tahriş
etmek
irritation (n): sinirlendirme, iritasyon
lower (v): indirmek
marketing (n): pazarlama
notice (v): fark etmek
provide (v): sağlamak
relaxing (adj): rahatlatıcı
respiration (n): solunum
restful (adj): dinlendirici
sadness (n): üzüntü
serenity (n): sükûnet
sighted (adj): görebilen
stimulate (v): harekete geçirmek
stimulation (n): uyarım
strainful (adj): yorucu
surroundings (n): muhit
thus (trans): bu yüzden
utilize (v): yararlanmak

Collocations
mental effort : zihinsel çaba
good chance : iyi şans, olasılık
play a part : rol oynamak
physical state : fiziksel durum
mental state : psikolojik durum
study may show : çalışma gösterebilir
heart rate : kalp atış hızı
warm colour : sıcak renk
cool colour : soğuk renk
encourage creativity : yaratıcılığı
teşvik etmek
peaceful surroundings : huzurlu ortam
relieve tension : gerilimi azaltmak
scientific logic : bilimsel mantık
blood pressure : kan basıncı / tansiyon
increase appetite : iştahı artırmak
bright colour : parlak renk
reflect light : ışığı yansıtmak
calorie intake : kalori alımı
invest money : para yatırmak
make sb hungry : birini acıktırmak
sell product : ürün satmak
psychological disorder : psikolojik
bozukluk
take seriously : ciddiye almak

Prepositions
name for : ...nın adı
spread throughout : ... boyunca yayılmak
cure for : ... için tedavi
hide in : ...da/içinde saklanmak
be known as : ... olarak bilinmek at church : kilisede
save from : ...dan kurtarmak infer from : ...dan çıkarım yapmak
effective in : …da etkili chance for : …için şans
defend against : ...ya karşı savunmak

1. State whether the following are True (T) 3. State whether the following are True (T)
or False (F): or False (F):
Companies and businesses used to When some people look at the colour
used colour psychology when trying to blue it can make their blood pressure
sell products but found that colour had increase.
no effect on people buying things.
A) (T)
A) (T) B) (F)
B) (F)
4. State whether the following are True (T)
2. State whether the following are True (T) or False (F):
or False (F): A type of therapy which associates
The effect that colours have on colour and people’s emotions is called
emotions and mental states is termed art therapy.
colour psychology.
A) (T)
A) (T) B) (F)
B) (F)

34 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

5. State whether the following are True (T) 10. Which of the following most accurately
or False (F): states the main idea of the passage?
Colours have an effect on the
emotions of sighted and non sighted A) Colours can be used to treat a variety of
people. psychological disorders and should be part of
any therapy system.
A) (T) B) Colour affects the biological state, emotions
B) (F) and minds of people and businesses,
psychologists and therapists use this
knowledge.
6. Which of the following could be another
title for this passage? C) To be an effective business it is important to
study colour psychology to understand how to
A) Negative Effects of Colour use colour to make people to buy products.
B) The Psychology of Happiness and Colour D) Men and women respond to colours differently
C) The Effects of Colour on the Body and Mind and any institution should take this into
consideration when planning the colour of the
D) Colour and Buying building.
E) How to Paint your House for your Child E) In evolution colours helped human know what
was safe to eat and we still use these old
ways of thinking when deciding how, what and
7. The meaning of the word “lead” in when to eat.
this passage is ----.

A) direct
11. According to the passage, which of the
B) grab following is true of colour in everyday
C) cause life?
D) force
A) The colours of wall in a house have no effect
E) start on the mood of the people staying in the
house and looking at those colours.
8. The word “scheme” is B) It has been shown to be very difficult to
closest in meaning to ----. change the biological state, such as heart
rate, of a person by looking at colours.
A) plan
C) Colour can affect biology and emotion, for
B) organization example, more adrenaline is dropped into the
C) management bloodstream when people look at the colour
red.
D) direction
D) Emotions or mental states and colour have
E) system
not yet been connected in serious
psychological studies.
9. What does the pronoun “It” in E) Colour psychology and art therapy have not
this passage refers to? been shown to be able to change a person’s
mood or emotions by using colour.
A) scientific logic
B) the retina
C) eye muscle
D) green
E) focusing

www.remzihoca.com 35

12. The passage mentions each of the
following EXCEPT ----.
A) Emotions, from comfort to hostility, can be
influenced by warm colours.
B) The most used warm colours used in colour
psychology are red, yellow and orange.
C) Cool colours effects emotions such as
sadness or calmness.
D) Psychologists note the effects of two types of
colours groups, warm colours and cool
colours.
E) Blue, grey, brown and black are the main
colours that make up the cool colour group.
13. According to this paragraph, ----.
A) the colours yellow or orange do not stimulate
a person’s appetite or increase hunger
B) warm colours can affect appetite which is why
restaurants use warm colours when painting
the walls
C) the most common psychological effect of
warm colours is calm and serenity
D) it is impossible for a colour to make your
tummy make a noise but it can look nice and
make you want to enter the restaurant
E) orange and yellow stimulate a person’s eyes
and make them feel excited and positive
36
READING PASSAGES - HARD
14. According to the passage, marketing
and advertising companies ----.
A) do not believe that colour psychology works
and thereby do not use it as part of their sales
and marketing plans
B) are not known for trying to colour to influence
the decisions of the customers to buy their
products
C) always disagree over whether to use colour
marketing, and whether it works
D) use colour psychology and many companies
have invested money into using colour to
generate sales
E) have never truly invested much money into
colour therapy and are missing out on a way
to get customers to buy more products
15. It can be inferred from the passage that
----.
A) colour therapy is not a valid part of
psychology and should not be taken seriously
B) colours affect the human body and body, and
that if businesses use colours to influence
people we should be more aware and careful
of our environment
C) the human mind is basically controlled by
colours and we cannot fight the power of
colours
D) when designing a house the colours used to
paint it are very important but more from an
aesthetic point of view than a psychological
one
E) to calm ourselves down and think clearly it
must be necessary to close our eyes to stop
colours influencing our thoughts
www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

GENERATION GAP
A generation gap consists of the differences in opinions expressed by members of two different generations. More
specifically, a generation gap can be used to describe the differences in actions, beliefs and tastes exhibited by
members of younger generations when compared to members of older generations regarding politics, values and
other matters. While generation gaps have been prevalent throughout all periods of history, the breadth of
differences of these gaps has widened in the 20th and 21st centuries.
The term "generation gap" was first used in the 1960s. During that time, the younger generation showed a large
difference in their beliefs and opinions compared to their parents' generation. We now refer to the 1960s generation
as the baby boomers.
Since the emergence of generation gaps, sociologists have divided the lifespan of an individual into three parts:
childhood, midlife and retirement. One of the most notable findings about the generation gap is the isolation of
members. When an individual is engaged in his generation's primary activity he/she is isolated from the other
generations.
For example, millennials – individuals born between 1982 and 2002 – are called technology natives because the
members of this generation grew up and lived with technology. The use of technology is a significant part of a
typical millennial's activity.
When a member of another older generation approaches a millennial for help in using such technologies, a wide
difference between knowledge on technology becomes evident. Older generations are not associated with
technology as much as millennials are. As such, businesses focusing on technology isolate those generations that
do not understand their products as much as millennials do.
Generation gaps play big roles in businesses, as companies must find ways to balance the needs and views of
individuals from differing age groups. Businesses must be aware of the changing demographics of their client
base, as gender gaps can have drastic effects on their business as well as the overall business cycle.

Vocabulary
approach (v): yaklaşmak
because (conj, trans): ...dığı için, çünkü
breadth (n): genişlik
client (n): müşteri
cycle (n): bisiklet, döngü
demographics (n): nüfus bilimi
describe (v): tasvir etmek
differing (adj): ayrı
drastic (adj): ani ve beklenmedik
emergence (n): ortaya çıkma, belirme
evident (adj): açık
isolation (n): soyutlanma
knowledge (n): bilgi
lifespan (n): ömür
member (n): üye
notable (adj): kayda değer
prevalent (adj): yaygın
primary (adj): başlıca, ilkokul, ilk
regarding (prep): … ile ilgili
retirement (n): emeklilik
specifically (adv): özel olarak
value (n): değer
widen (v): genişletmek

www.remzihoca.com 37

Collocations
generation gap : kuşak çatışması
express opinion : fikrini ifade etmek
significant part : önemli bölümü
READING PASSAGES - HARD
find way : yol bulmak key feature : temel özellik
balance need : ihtiyacı dengelemek show difference : farkı göstermek
gender gap : cinsiyet ayrımı

Prepositions
when compared to : … ile
karşılaştırıldığında
consist of : ...dan oluşmak
difference in : ...bakımından farklılık
throughout history : tarih boyunca
divide into : …ya bölmek
finding about : ... hakkında bulgu
engaged in : …ile uğraşmak
isolated from : ...dan soyutlanmış
live with : ...ile yaşamak
difference between : …arasındaki fark
associated with : ... ile ilişkili
play role in sth : bir şeyde rol oynamak
aware of : …nın farkında
effect on : …üzerinde etki
use as : ...olarak kullanmak
different to : farklı
different from : …dan farklı
gap between : …arasındaki boşluk, fark
communicate with : …ile iletişim
kurmak

1. State whether the following are True (T) 4. State whether the following are True (T) or
or False (F): False (F):
In the construction of business life and Generation gaps have increased or
business plans, generation gaps are not widened over the this century.
thought about or considered.
A) (T)
A) (T) B) (F)
B) (F)
5. State whether the following are True (T) or
2. State whether the following are True (T) False (F):
or False (F): Lifespans are divided into four groups
Generation gap was not used as a term when discussing generation gaps.
until the 1960’s.
A) (T)
A) (T) B) (F)
B) (F)
6. Which of the following could be another
3. State whether the following are True (T) title for this passage?
or False (F):
Millennials are not considered A) Family Differences
technology natives. B) Planning to Sell

A) (T) C) Generation Gaps, History and Society

B) (F) D) The New Generation

E) Millennials and Technology

38 www.remzihoca.com
READING PASSAGES - HARD

7. The meaning of the word “associated” in 11. The passage states that the term
this passage is ----. generation gap was first used because --
--.
A) disconnected
B) partnered A) in the 1960’s the young generation had huge
differences in beliefs from older people
C) excited by
B) over the evolution of humans and society the
D) motivated adults are becoming very different to the
E) connected children
8. The word “views” is closest in C) in 1982 the generation of children called the
meaning to ----. millennials was born
D) after people returned home from WW2 they
A) scenes
felt very different from people
B) opinions
E) in the 1960’s the field of sociology was just
C) vistas starting to find names for everyday situations
D) visions
E) ideas
12. The passage mentions each of the
following EXCEPT ----.
9. The writer views
differences in generation A) Generation gaps have not occurred through
gaps as ----. much of history
B) The idea and existence of a generation gap is
A) fun very new and did not occur in the past.
B) positive C) The size of the generation gap between
C) boring generations of people has decreased over the
D) exciting last century.
E) isolating D) Generation gaps are differences in opinion
between different generations.
E) The term generation gap can be used to
10. The text tells as a whole ----. describe differences in opinion but not in
A) how generation gaps have been studied actions or tastes.
and used by sociologists in academic
studies 13. According to this paragraph, ----.
B) the systems used by businesses to sell
more products A) the 1950’s generation is now referred to as the
baby boomers
C) the history of the generation gap and
how it now affects society both socially B) sociologists are currently unable to divide the
and in business lifespans of people into different groups
D) why millennials are not very social C) sociologist separate life into three groups:
when compared to earlier childhood, midlife, and retirement
generations D) currently sociologists divide lifespans into two
E) the one thousand year history of groups: retired and unretired
the generation gap E) one of the key features of generation gaps is
that they make people feel closer together

www.remzihoca.com 39

14. According to the passage, millennials
are ----.
A) people who were born between 1992 and 2012
B) are called technology natives as they have
grown up with technology
C) are unable to use technology very well as
they have not had as much time to learn how
it works
D) find it very easy to communicate with older
generations
E) are also called digital strangers as they have
problems with technology
40
READING PASSAGES - HARD
15. You can conclude from this passage
that ----.
A) generation gaps will eventually disappear as
people become less linked to technology
B) throughout human history generation gaps
have always existed and will not change very
much
C) younger people today are more mature and
generation gaps will not occur as they grow up
D) generation gaps can have negative effects on
emotions and society as each generation is
isolated from the other more and more over
E) to understand humans it is necessary to first
know which generation gap they are coming
from
www.remzihoca.com
CEVAP ANAHTARI

THE DIGITAL DIVIDE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B B B A B A B

ROBOT BIRDS
1 2 3 4 5 6
B B A A B B

THE INTERNET
1 2 3 4
B A B A

THE PRINTING PRESS

1 2 3
A A B

www.remzihoca.com 41
 CEVAP ANAHTARI

BLACK DEATH
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B B A A B C D B E D D E A B C

COLONIALISM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B B A A B A A C D C B E E B A

THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B B A A B B D D A A B E A D C

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A B A B B E C A E C A E B D A

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLOURS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B A B A B C C A D B C E B D B

GENERATION GAP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B A B A B C E B E C A D C B D

42 www.remzihoca.com
 YDS DERSLERİ
Çeviri, kelime, okuma çalışmaları ve soru çözüm stratejileri ile
seviyeniz ne olursa olsun sizi YDS’ye eksiksiz hazırlayacak internetin
olduğu her yerden istediğiniz zaman ulaşabileceğiniz online eğitimler
sunuyoruz.

YÖKDİL DERSLERİ
Sosyal Bilimler, Sağlık Bilimleri ve Fen Bilimleri alanlarına yönelik
çeviri, kelime, okuma çalışmaları ve soru çözüm stratejileri ile
seviyeniz ne olursa olsun sizi YÖKDİL’e eksiksiz hazırlayacak internetin
olduğu her yerden istediğiniz zaman ulaşabileceğiniz online eğitimler
sunuyoruz.

ÇEVİRİ DERSLERİ
İster sınav için ister akademik kariyeriniz için katılabileceğiniz
Akademik Çeviri Dersleri ile kısa sürede İngilizce'den Türkçe'ye çeviri
bilginizi geliştirebilirsiniz. Çeviri dersleri aracılığıyla çeviri bilginizin
yanı sıra hem okuma-yazma becerinizi hem de kelime bilginizi ileri
seviyeye taşıyabilirsiniz.

KİTAPLAR
YDS ve YÖKDİL’e yönelik titizlikle hazırladığımız kitaplarımızı, internete
erişiminizin olmadığı zamanlarda YDS ve YÖKDİL sınavlarına eksiksiz
hazırlanmak için rehber olarak kullanabilirsiniz.

ONLINE UYGULAMALAR
İnternete bağlanabilen tüm cihazlarda rahatça kullanabileceğiniz
İngilizce öğrenme uygulamalarımızla, öğrenmeyi hem zevkli hale
getiriyor hem de bireyselleştiriyoruz. Üstelik tüm uygulamalarımızı
online derslere katılan kullanıcılara ücretsiz sunuyoruz.

Rh Pozitif Yayıncılık Danışmanlık ve Eğitim, Öğretim Hizmetleri San. Tic. Ltd. Şti.
Ertuğrulgazi Mahallesi Ceylanbeyli Sk. No:29 Pk:26140 Tepebaşı | Eskişehir
0(850) 532 74 74 | 0(532) 365 01 08
iletisim@remzihoca.com

www.remzihoca.com