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1. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION
Cl Window - is a vented barrier secured in a glou and glazing to
•Y•loblt: and durable
i
wall opening.
ab do

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. 95 "57 ht:od
lllsr�ol and §ound
The function of a window iMUIQlion pro�nln lQ
bt:ocuptoblt: toclienl
/1orn

is to:
1
and within &uilding Rcg t.,

• Admit light and air to the building, rromc

jamb

• Give a view to the outside,

• Provide insulation against heat loss, and direct
gtozt:d
fi�t:d
• Give a measure ofresistance to frre. tight glo§.s.

D A window is comprised oftwo parts:

i. Window frame secured to the wall opening with the help of
suitable hold fasts. 134�70

ii. Window shutter fixed to the window frames by means of .s.ill

suitable hinges. fYPICAL ELEVATIONS TYPICAL VERTICAL SECTION

A window must be aesthetically acceptable in OF MOOIFIE.D BS WINDOW

xt ofbuilding design and surrounding environment.

1. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION
o The selection of size, shape, location and D Based on the above factors, the following
number ofwindows in a room depends up on the following factors:
i. Size ofthe room .
thumb rules are in use:
Breadth of window = 1/8
ii. Location ofthe room
iii. Utility of the room .
(width ofroom + height ofroom)
The total area of window­
iv. Direction ofthe wall openings should normally vary from 10-20% of the floor area of
V. Direction ofthe wind
vi. Climatic condition such as humidity, temperature, etc.
.
the room, depending upon climatic conditions.
The area of window opening
should be at least one square meter for every 30-40 cubic meter
vii. Requirements ofexterior view ofinside content ofthe room.
viii. Architectural treatment to the exterior ofthe building. • In public buildings, the
D Windows should be selected or designed to minimum area ofwindows should be 20% of floor area.
resist wind loadings, be easy to clean and provide for safety and • For sufficient natural light, the
security. area ofglazed panels should at least be 8-10% ofthe floor area.
They should be sited to provide visual contact

2. TYPES OF WINDOWS 2. TYPES OF WINDOWS

D Windows are classified as follow: t. FlxED WINDOWS

I D These
- --
indow

Classification of windows 'I windows are provided for the - =

sole purpose of admitting light
and/or providing vision to the
- - � "'
ryle

room. .......
hased on nature of operational! !Based on Materi�s used for I
r-
I movements of shutter construction
uller

he window consists of a
,:::-

t. FIXED WINDOWS
window frame to which
shutters are fixed.
- ... -:--
�
Hold fast

I
D These windows are provided for the sole
purpose ofadmitting light and/or providing vision to the room. hutters are fully glazed. (ol Etevo1ion

The window consists of a window �•from,

frame to which shutters are fixed. ---��loss pane

�
.

Shutters are fully glazed. (bl Pion

 2. TYPES OF WINDOWS 2. TYPES OF WINDOWS
2. PIVOTED WINDOWS
3. DOUBLE HUNG WINDOWS

D
D The shutters are allowed to swing round pivots
D These type of window consists of a frame and
fixed to the window frame.
a pair of shutters arranged one above the other, which can slide
The frame of the window shutter vertically within the grooves provided in the window frame.
is similar to that of an encasement window.
By the provision of such sliding,
The shutter can swing or rotate the windows can be cleaned effectively and at the same time
ventilation ci

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L__ Pivot
--- VERTICAL HORIZONTAL
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-
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,) PIVOT PIVOT

lo) Verlfeo1 pivoTed

lb) Horlzontol plvoitd 10

2. TYPES OF WINDOWS 2. TYPES OF WINDOWS

4. SLIDING WINDOWS 5. CASEMENT WINDOWS
D These windows are similar to sliding doors. D These are the
The shutters move either horizontally or vertically on small roller main common type of windows

��:!Bi
bearings. usually provided in buildings.
Suitable openings or grooves are T

. ._, . D
left in the frame or walls to accommodate the shutters when they are he shutters of the window open

,hopsa 00 '"I' �'.''"':�

slided 1 sashes hung on spring

m- ��.
like the shutters of the doors.

he shutters consist of styles, top

T

rails, bottom rails, and intermediate

rails thus dividing it into panels.
T
he panels may either be glazed, or
unglazed, or partly glazed and
HUNG HORIZONTAL partly unglazed.
SASH SLIDING SASH
(b) Section AB {EnforQea)
FlG. 17.27. CASEMENT WINDOWS.

11 12

2. TYPES OF WINDOWS 2. TYPES OF WINDOWS

6. SASH OR GLAZED WINDOWS 7. LOUVERED WINDOWS
D A sash window is a type of casement window in D These are similar to louvered doors. Such
which the panels are fully glazed. windows are provided for the sole aim of ventilation, and they do not
The frame of each shutter consists permit any outside vision.

f.
of two vertical styles, top rail and a bottom rail. The shutter consist of top and
The space b/n the top and bottom bottom rails, and two styles which are grooved to receive louvers.
rails is divided into small panels by means of small timber members • The economical angle of
placed he -"""" c � inclination of the louvers is 45 ° .
louvr¢s �ung on :rs slope downward to the
....,dew ��fffucra .,%

:s venetian shutters are

provided in which the le lose.

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t1+ II II
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LOUVRE
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(c) Se,::11011 CD
(o)El•vollon
(enlor9ed) 13 14
 2. TYPES OF WINDOWS 2. TYPES OF WINDOWS
7. LOUVERED WINDOWS 8, METAL WINDOWS
o Metal windows, made of mild steel is becoming
increasingly popular in private as well as public buildings, because of
their strength and cost.
o Windows made of other metals, such as
aluminum, bronze, stainless steel, etc. are used where high degree of
elegance finishing is required.
o Aluminum windows are rust proof, durable and
require no maintenance and painting
o Mild steel windows are of the cheapest, and are
therefore extensively used in all types of buildings.
o The commonly used sections in mild steel
windows are angle section, Z-sections, T-sections and channel
(o) Elevation (b) Secrion AS
(entorc;ied)
Steel windows can be fixed either directly to
ning, or it may be fixed into wooden frame already
15 16

2. TYPES OF WINDOWS 2. TYPES OF WINDOWS

8. METAL WINDOWS 8, METAL WINDOWS
D Steel windows have the following advantages over
timber windows.

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.:._T;;�
�

Steel windows are generally

manufactured in factories, with greater precision and better quality control.

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They exhibit elegant appearance and
stream lined finishing. !di Ot10u, at A (1) Otloll,01 B

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They are stronger and more durable than " ·<-.:.-LI"""""'
wooden windows. -•··-- "'""
:
G'°" Goon

There is no contraction or expansion due r"l"""""" ,shunu

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;

Purty Illj "ttr

to weather effects in the steel windows. L

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Cc J Seer Ion V·Y

They are rot proof and termite proof. � - Glou Frame- , ,

They are highly fire resistant (ti)

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Since steel windows are fabricated from

thin sections, they provide more effective area for light and ventilation.
They grant better facilities for providing
able parts.
......:..... 17 18

2. TYPES OF WINDOWS 2. TYPES OF WINDOWS

9, BAYWINDOWS 10. CLERE-STOREY WINDOWS
o Bay windows project outside the external wall D These windows
of the room. This projection may be triangular, circular, rectangular or are provided in a room which has
Moin
polygonal in plan. greater ceiling height than the roof
They are provided to get an surrounding rooms, or when a lean-to­
increased area of opening for admitting grater light and air. roof of low height is there adjacent to
They also provide extra space in the room.
the ling. o It is generally
provided near the top of the main roof,
and they open above the lean-to-roof, .,!
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or roof slab of adjoining rooms.
Sruner

Lwindo., sill L WL"':Cow trotN

19 20
2. TYPES OF WINDOWS 2. TYPES OF WINDOWS
11. CORNER WINDOWS 12. DORMER WINDOWS
D This is a special type of window which is D A dormer window is a vertical window
provided in the comer of a room. provided on the slopping roof.
D This window has two faces in two D Such a window provides ventilation and
perpendicular directions. Due to this, light and air is admitted from lighting to the enclosed space below the roof, and at the same time,
two directions. very much improve the appearance of the building.
¥very much 13. GABLE WINDOWS
improves the eleva Window D the gable
end of a pit<
frame

1-Shufler

-Glozlno

Frame L Shulter
21 22

2. TYPES OF WINDOWS 2. TYPES OF WINDOWS

14. LANTERN WINDOWS 15. SKY LIGHTS
D such windows are provided over the flat roofs, D A sky
to provide more light and air to the inner apartments/rooms of a light is provided on a slopping
building. roof, to admit light.
D They may be of several shapes in plan. D The
D They admit light either through vertical faces or window projects above the top
incJ1nPr1 f�l'P� slopping surface and they run
D
rRidge plate
g below parallel to the sloping surface.
the rccver
16. VENTILATORS.

tfr91'-
D Ventilator Fram1

s are small windows, fixed at a

8[:;]11 •II,�
f----- Glazing _L._

greater height than the window,

rn • generally about 30-50cm below

�"·'"

a�
CL:� r-Flo: root roof level.
The EC.Ion '"'"""
(cl\'enlcal
Cb)
and a 111§!�
23
.which (bJ Pion 24

2. TYPES OF WINDOWS
17. VENTILATOR COMBINED WITH WINDOW OR DOOR: FAN LIGHT
D Ventilators may also be provided in
continuation of a window or a door, at its top.
D Such a ventilator is usually hinged at top and
can open out. Alternatively, the ventilator shutter can be hinged at the
bottom. .-----------·+-- •
---,

Wlndo"'
,huller

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