The present PPT is for use by students registered in MCL133.

No part of this lecture

may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior
permission of the instructor.

Lecture 03
Credits 3 (3-0-0)

Instructor: Dr. Sagar Sarkar

Friday (11:00 AM-12:00 PM) – Slot F

Characterization of Metallic Powders
Near Net Shape Manufacturing (MCL133)

1
 Recap

• Different methods to produce metal powders?

• Solid-state reductions

• Atomization

• Electrolysis

• Chemical

• Pros and cons of different methods

2
 Characterization of Metallic Powders
• Chemical composition
• Purity
• Particle shape
• Particle size
Which method to use?
• Particle distribution
• Particle porosity
• Surface topography
• Flow ability

3
 Chemical composition & Purity
• Optical Emission Spectroscopy
https://www.hitachi-hightech.com/global/products/science/tech/ana/icp/descriptions/icp-
oes.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jkyZtuAkVYc

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azom.com%2Farticle.aspx%3FArticleID%3D2449&psig=AOvVaw0ABnDS
ISODPgA2FhqUAVLN&ust=1642773042786000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCIjy9dS8wPUCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

4
 Chemical composition & Purity
• Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS/EDX)
https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/microscopy/edx-analysis-with-sem-how-does-it-
work/#:~:text=The%20way%20EDX%20analysis%20works,shell%20to%20fill%20the%20
vacancy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WS2YCIIQTOw

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FEnergy-dispersive-X-ray-analysis-EDX-spectrum-of-YTBS-residue-
adsorbent_fig1_326818104&psig=AOvVaw0LwRjJvTMzs7_0ytM5QW9a&ust=1642772943888000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCMCSiaS8wPUCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

5
 Chemical composition & Purity

• X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHMzFUo0NL8

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fserc.carleton.edu%2Fresearch_education%2Fgeochemsheets%
2Ftechniques%2FXRD.html&psig=AOvVaw2MyCTr1KrmieJ35FUsbI-
K&ust=1642772817929000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCLDUk-e7wPUCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

6
 Chemical composition & Purity

• X-ray diffraction system

https://www.azonano.com/images/equipments/EquipmentImage_374.jpg

7
 Particle Shape, Size and Distribution
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis

https://www.coursera.org/lecture/methods-surface-analysis/sem-basic-principles-5encz

https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-319-92955-
https://sites.wustl.edu/imagingfacility/files/2020/04/Zeiss-Evo-10.jpg 2_4/MediaObjects/428575_1_En_4_Fig2_HTML.png

8
 Particle Shape, Size and Distribution
Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Remy-
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340169716/figure/fig1/AS:873143895863308@1585185135497/SEM-
Glardon/publication/225603135/figure/fig5/AS:302796063690758@1449203615409/SEM-image-of-the-
images-of-as-received-iron-powders-a-and-b-are-images-for-iron-powder-type-A.ppm
unsintered-spherical-CP-titanium-powder_Q640.jpg

9
 Particle Shape, Size and Distribution
Particle size distribution

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jie-Yin-24/publication/337379180/figure/fig1/AS:834365063966720@1575939541471/a-Morphology-and-b-Particle-size-distribution-of-the-Inconel-718-powder.png

D10 : Defined as the point on the distribution curve below which 10% of the particles fall
https://www.diamondvogel.com/documents/sites/documents.vogelpaint.com/files/documents/Te
chBrief_11_Particle_Size_Distribution.pdf

10
Thank you

11