Perhitungan Distilasi - Pilot Plant

DATA PE
Densitas etanol 0.7807 kg/L

T (°C)
Densitas air 0.9957 kg/L No t (menit)
BM etanol 46 F D
BM air 18 1 0 23 21
2 15 23.3 23.5
3 30 26.1 24.5
Temperature x y
100 0.00 0
98.1 0.02 0.192
95.2 0.05 0.377
91.8 0.10 0.527
87.3 0.20 0.656
84.7 0.30 0.713
83.2 0.40 0.746
82 0.50 0.771
81 0.60 0.794
80.1 0.70 0.822
79.1 0.80 0.858
78.3 0.90 0.912
78.2 0.94 0.942
78.1 0.96 0.959
78.2 0.98 0.978
78.3 1.00 1
TANPA REFLUX
XF massa = 0.121547563
> Mencari TbF dan Tavg
Persamaan trendline = 103.04 x4 +
TbF = 90.69955199 °C
TF = 30.46666667 °C (data pengamatan suhu masuk ko
𝑇 𝑎𝑣𝑔=(𝑇𝑏𝐹+𝑇𝐹)/2
Tavg = 60.58310933 °C
> Mencari Cp campuran

Cp air T = 60.58310933022 °C
T (°C) Cp (kJ/kg.K) x=
60 4.187
60.583109330224 x
70 4.1920
Cp etanol T = 60.58310933022 °C
T (°C) Cp (cal/g.°C) Cp (kJ/kg.K)
60.583109330224 0.705 2.951694
𝐶𝑝𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛=𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙×𝐶𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙+𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟×𝐶𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟

Cpcampuran = 4.037107682 kJ/kg.K
> Mencari lamda campuran (App A.2-9 Geankoplis 3rd Edition)

Enthalpy etanol pada TB = 78.3 C
HV = 1064 kJ/kg
HL = 207 kJ/kg
λ= 857 kJ/kg
𝜆𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛=𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙×𝜆𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙+𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 𝜆𝑎𝑖𝑟

λ campuran = 2,086.89
> Ploting Kurva Kesetimbangan

Untuk ploting di kurva kesetimbangan membutuhkan :
1 XD 0.76
2 XF 0.12
3 XB 0.04
1
f(x) = − 42.5916391 x⁶ + 148.067657 x⁵ − 201.548186 x⁴ + 136.757526 x³ − 48.6143247 x² + 8.9040
R² = 0.998540909123525
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80
sumbu x sumbu y
0.12 0.12
XF
0.12 0
0.76 0.76
XD
0.76 0
0.04 0.04
XB
0.04 0
> Garis Equilibrium x,y

y= -42.592 x6 + 148.07
x y
1 0.996
0.4587880338282 0.760092555
0.07359610078 0.458810801
0.0064663109709 0.0734806
> Tray
x y
0.76 0.76
0.4587880338282 0.76
0.4587880338282 0.458788034
0.07359610078 0.458788034
0.07359610078 0.073596101
0.0064663109709 0.073596101
> Jumlah tray 2.51

2 0.51
> Tray aktual 12
> Reboiler 1
𝐸𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖=(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙)/(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙)×100%
>
Efisiensi = 12.55 %
REFLUX 1:1
XF massa = 0.163892096
> Mencari TF dan Tavg

Persamaan trendline = 103.04 x4+
TbF = 88.63834734 °C
T avg = 59.552507 °C
Cp air T = 59.55250700463 °C
50 4.283
59.552507004629 x
60 4.1870
Cp etanol T= 59.55250700463 °C
59.552507004629 0.705 2.951694

Cpcampuran = 3.988134974 kJ/kg.K

Enthalpy etanol pada TB = 78.3 C
HV = 1064 kJ/kg
HL = 207 kJ/kg
λ= 857 kJ/kg

λcampuran = 2,027.60
> Mencari q
𝑞=1+(𝐶𝑝𝐿×(𝑇𝐵−𝑇𝐹))/𝜆
q= 1.11
q line
𝑦=𝑞/(𝑞−1) 𝑥+𝑥𝐹/(𝑞−1)
y= 9.739791798 x +
slope = 9.739791798
arc tan = 84.13789149 °C
> Garis Enriching

𝑦𝑛+1=𝑅/(𝑅+1)×𝑥𝑛+𝑥𝑑/(𝑅+1)
yn+1 = 0.5 xn + 0.27023191

refluks ratio = 1
XD = 0.540463828

1 XD 0.54
2 XF 0.16
3 XB 0.02
4 Q line 1.1144
5 Garis enriching dg intersep 0.27023191
1
f(x) = − 42.5916391 x⁶ + 148.067657 x⁵ − 201.548186 x⁴ + 136.757526 x³ − 48.6143247 x² + 8.9040
R² = 0.998540909123525
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
f(x) = 2.10898708979358 x − 0.0262558368764777
0.3 R² = 1
0.2
0.1
0
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80
sumbu x sumbu y
XF 0.16 0.16
0.16 0
XD 0.54 0.54
0.54 0
XB 0.02 0.02
0.02 0
Intercept 0 0.270231914157
0.54 0.54

y= -42.592 x6 + 148.07
x y
1 0.996
0.1 0.540213108
0.0209783739999 0.184523086
> Garis Enriching

yn+1 = 0.5 xn + 0.27023191
x y
0.54 0.54
0.5 0.520231914
0.4 0.470231914
0.3 0.420231914
0.2 0.370231914
0.1 0.320231914
0 0.270231914
> Q line
y= 9.739791798 x +
x y
0.16 0.16
0.2 0.52
0.3 1.49
0.1842698135457 0.36
> Garis Striping

y= 2.109 x +
x y Goal Seek
0.023676 0.02 0.18426981
0.1842698135457 0.362366821
0.1 0.1846
0.0209783739999 0.017943391
> Tray
x y
0.54 0.54
0.1 0.54
0.1 0.1846
0.0209783739999 0.1846
0.0209783739999 0.017943391
> Jumlah tray 1.97

1 0.97
> Tray aktual 12
> Reboiler 1
>
Efisiensi = 8.048902994 %
REFLUX 2:1
XF massa = 0.163892096
> Mencari TbF dan Tavg
Persamaan trendline = 103.04 x4 +
TbF = 88.63834734 °C
T avg = 59.552507 °C

Cp air T = 59.55250700463 °C
50 4.283
59.552507004629 x
60 4.1870
Cp etanol T= 59.55250700463 °C
59.552507004629 0.705 2.951694

Cp campuran = 3.988134974 kJ/kg.K

Enthalpy etanol pada TB = 78.3 °C
HV = 1064 kJ/kg
HL = 207 kJ/kg
λ= 857 kJ/kg

λcampuran 2,027.60
> Mencari q
𝑞=1+(𝐶𝑝𝐿×(𝑇𝐵−𝑇𝐹))/𝜆
q= 1.11
q line
𝑦=𝑞/(𝑞−1) 𝑥+𝑥𝐹/(𝑞−1)
y= 9.739791798 x +
slope = 9.739791798
arc tan = 84.13789149 °C
> Garis Enriching

𝑦𝑛+1=𝑅/(𝑅+1)×𝑥𝑛+𝑥𝑑/(𝑅+1)
yn+1 = 0.666666667 xn + 0.19058065
refluks ratio = 2
XD = 0.571741935

1 XD 0.57
2 XF 0.16
3 XB 0.02
4 Q line 1.1144
5 Garis enriching dg intersep 0.19058065
1
f(x) = − 42.5916391 x⁶ + 148.067657 x⁵ − 201.548186 x⁴ + 136.757526 x³ − 48.6143247 x² + 8.9040
R² = 0.998540909123525
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
f(x) = 1.84378231366087 x − 0.0199769780826397
R² = 1
0.2
0.1
0
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80
sumbu x sumbu y
0.16 0.16
XF
0.16 0
0.57 0.57
XD
0.57 0
0.02 0.02
XB
0.02 0
0 0.1906
Intercept
0.57 0.57

y= -42.592 x6 + 148.07
x y
1 0.996
0.1127 0.5697
0.0249 0.2117
0.0009 0.0261
> Garis Enriching

yn+1 = 0.6667 xn + 0.19058065
x y
0.57 0.57
0.5 0.5239
0.4 0.4572
0.3 0.3906
0.2 0.3239
0.1 0.2572
0 0.1906
> Q line
y= 9.739791798 x +
x y
0.16 0.16
0.2 0.52
0.3 1.49
0.1789 0.31
> Garis Striping

y= 1.8438 x +
x y Goal Seek
0.02368 0.02 0.1788759
0.1789 0.3098
0.1127 0.1877
0.0249 0.0260
> Tray
x y
0.57 0.57
0.1126509146308 0.57
0.1126509146308 0.187705756
0.024935061312 0.187705756
0.024935061312 0.025975266
0.0009 0.025975266
> Jumlah tray 2.05

2 0.05
> Tray aktual 12
> Reboiler 1
>
Efisiensi = 8.77041422 %
Catatan:
Yang belum selesai :
2. Mc Cabe Thiele
DATA PENGAMATAN DISTILASI
(°C) Flowrate (L/h) %etanol (v/v) Reflux Ratio X massa atanol
B F D B F D B L D F
24.1 0 0 0 15% 80% 5% 0 0 0.121548
27.9 60 30 30 20% 60% 3% 30 30 0.163892
26 60 40 20 20% 63% 3% 40 20 0.163892
Data Kesetimbangan Etanol-Air

100
f(x) = 103.04301417 x⁴ − 255.417666121 x³ + 230.908438969 x² − 100.091261358 x + 99.8901925837
R² = 0.999797776521521
95
90
85
80
75
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
-255.42 x3 + 230.91 x2 + -100.09 x + 99.89
data pengamatan suhu masuk kolom distilator)
(App. A. 2-5 Geankoplis 3rd Edition page 856)

4.187292 kJ/kg.K
(App A.3, Figure A.3-5 Geankoplis 3rd Edition page 879)
plis 3rd Edition)

Enthalpy air pada TB = 100 C
HV = 2676.1 kJ/kg
HL = 419.04 kJ/kg
λ= 2257.06 kJ/kg
+ 136.757526 x³ − 48.6143247 x² + 8.90406249 x + 0.01790977
0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

x5 + -201.55 x4 + 136.76 x3 + -48.614 x2 + 8.9041 x + 0.0179
-255.42 x3+ 230.91 x2+ -100.09 x+ 99.89

4.191296 kJ/kg.K
plis 3rd Edition)

HV = 2676.1 kJ/kg
HL = 419.04 kJ/kg
λ= 2257.06 kJ/kg
1.43
+ 136.757526 x³ − 48.6143247 x² + 8.90406249 x + 0.01790977
0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
x5 + -201.55 x4 + 136.76 x3 + -48.614 x2 + 8.9041 x + 0.0179

1.432383
-0.0263
0
-255.42 x3 + 230.91 x2 + -100.09 x + 99.89

4.191296 kJ/kg.K
plis 3rd Edition)

HV = 2676.1 kJ/kg
HL = 419.04 kJ/kg
λ= 2257.06 kJ/kg
1.43
+ 136.757526 x³ − 48.6143247 x² + 8.90406249 x + 0.01790977
0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
x5 + -201.55 x4 + 136.76 x3 + -48.614 x2 + 8.9041 x + 0.0179

1.432383
-0.02
0
X massa atanol X mol etanol
D B F D B
0.758237 0.039631 0.051362 0.551014 0.01589131
0.540464 0.023676 0.071238 0.31517 0.00939979
0.571742 0.023676 0.071238 0.343146 0.00939979
Mc Cabe Thiele
Untuk refluks 30 : 30
> Steam Consumption
λ campuran pada xF = 0,1639 (Geankoplis A3-23)
HV HL
0.1 2517 KJ/Kg 0.1 371.7 KJ/Kg
0.3 2193 KJ/Kg 0.3 314 KJ/Kg
0.1639 2413.4948 KJ/Kg 0.1639 353.27 KJ/Kg
λ = HV-HL
λ= 2,060.23 KJ/Kg
λs air pada Tb 100°C Table A.2-9 Geankoplis 5th Edition

HV 2676.1 KJ/Kg
HL 419.04 KJ/Kg
λs = HV - HL
λs = 2257.06 KJ/Kg
Densitas pada T distilat 23.5 C 296.5 K

Densitas etanol Perry 8th Ed. Table 2-32 p.143 Densitas air Geankoplis A.2-3
159.05 19.41 kmol/m3 20 998.23
296.5 14.1898817 kmol/m3 23.5 997.425
514 5.9296 kmol/m3 25 997.08
x 0.65273456 kg/L x 0.997425
Densitas campuran 0.736068 kg/L
Densitas pada T feed 23.3 C 296.3 K

Densitas etanol Perry 8th Ed. Table 2-32 p.143 Densitas air Geankoplis A.2-3
159.05 19.41 kmol/m3 20 998.23
296.3 14.1974774 kmol/m3 23.3 997.471
514 5.9296 kmol/m3 25 997.08
x 0.63888648 kg/L x 0.997471
R 1
D 30 L/h
V = (R + 1)D
V 60 kg/h
V bar = V - (1 - q)F
V bar 66.87 kg/h
ms 61.0340163 kg/h
λ campuran pada xd = 0,5405 Geankoplis A3-23

HV HL
0.5 1870 KJ/Kg 0.5 285.9 KJ/Kg
0.7 1544 KJ/Kg 0.7 258.4 KJ/Kg
0.5405 1804.04396 KJ/Kg 0.5405 280.34 KJ/Kg
λ = HV-HL
λ= 1,523.71 KJ/Kg
Cp air pada 25C Geankoplis Fig. A.3-5

Cp air 0.998 cal/gC 4.175632 kJ/kgK
T cold (kondensor)
T1
T2
Untuk refluks 40 : 20
> Steam Consumption
λ campuran pada xF = 0,1639 (Geankoplis A3-23)
HV HL
0.1 2517 KJ/Kg 0.1 371.7
0.3 2193 KJ/Kg 0.3 314
0.1639 2413.494804 KJ/Kg 0.1639 353.27
λ = HV-HL
λ= 2,060.23 KJ/Kg
λs air pada Tb 100°C Table A.2-9 Geankoplis 5th Edition

HV 2676.1 KJ/Kg
HL 419.04 KJ/Kg
λs = HV - HL
λs = 2257.06 KJ/Kg
Densitas pada T distilat 24.5 C 297.5

air Geankoplis A.2-3 Densitas etanol Perry 8th Ed. Table 2-32 p.143 Densitas air Geankoplis A.
kg/m3 159.05 19.41 kmol/m3 20
kg/m3 297.5 14.15190342 kmol/m3 24.5
kg/m3 514 5.9296 kmol/m3 25
kg/L x 0.650987557 kg/L x
Densitas pada T feed 26.1 C 299.1 K

air Geankoplis A.2-3 Densitas etanol Perry 8th Ed. Table 2-32 p.143 Densitas air Geankoplis A.
kg/m3 159.05 19.41 kmol/m3 20
kg/m3 299.1 14.09113813 kmol/m3 26.1
kg/m3 514 5.9296 kmol/m3 30
kg/L x 0.634101216 kg/L x
R 2
D 40 L/h
V = (R + 1)D
V 120 kg/h
V bar = V - (1 - q)F
V bar 119.93 kg/h
ms 109.4700865 kg/h
λ campuran pada xd = 0.57174 Geankoplis A3-23

HV HL
0.5 1870 KJ/Kg 0.5 285.9
0.7 1544 KJ/Kg 0.7 258.4
0.5717 1753.060645 KJ/Kg 0.5717 276.04
λ = HV-HL
λ= 1,477.03 KJ/Kg
Cp air pada 25C Geankoplis Fig. A.3-5

Cp air 0.998 cal/gC 4.175632 kJ/kgK
T cold (kondensor)
T1
T2
KJ/Kg
KJ/Kg
KJ/Kg
K
Densitas air Geankoplis A.2-3
998.23 kg/m3
997.195 kg/m3
997.08 kg/m3
0.997195 kg/L
Densitas air Geankoplis A.2-3

998.23 kg/m3
996.6745 kg/m3
995.68 kg/m3
0.996675 kg/L
KJ/Kg
KJ/Kg
KJ/Kg
Data Pengamatan Distilasi
Densitas Air = 0.9957 kg/L

Densitas Etanol = 0.7807 kg/L
BM Air = 18
BM Alkohol = 46
No t (menit) T (℃ ) Flowrate (L/h)
F D B F D B
1 0 23 21 24.1 0 0 0
2 15 23.3 23.5 27.9 60 30 30
3 30 26.1 24.5 26 60 40 20
24.13333 23
Data Kesetimbangan
T (°C) Xa Ya
100 0 0
Grafik Kesetimbangan
98.1 0.02 0.192 105
95.2 0.05 0.377
100
91.8 0.1 0.527 f(x) = 103.04301417 x⁴ − 255.41766612 x³ + 230.90843897 x² − 100.0
87.3 0.2 0.656 R² = 0.999797776521521
95
84.7 0.3 0.713
T (°C)
83.2 0.4 0.746 90
82 0.5 0.771 85
81 0.6 0.794
80.1 0.7 0.822 80
79.1 0.8 0.858
75
78.3 0.9 0.912 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0
78.2 0.94 0.942
Xa terhadap T Polynomial (Xa t
78.1 0.96 0.959
Ya terhadap T
78.2 0.98 0.978
78.3 1 1
Xf = 0.1497772519
Tb,f = 89.272497889 °C (dari pers polynomial)
Tf = 30.466666667 °C (T masuk kolom = T keluar preheater (T cold out))
𝑇 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒=(𝑇𝑏,𝑓+𝑇𝑓)/2
Cp air (pada suhu 59.86958°C) =
T average = 59.86958 °C = 333.0196 K
Cp Campuran etanol-air pada T = 59.86958 °C

Cp air (pada suhu 59.86958°C) = 4.186948 kJ/kg.K
T (K) Cp (kJ/kg.K)
323.15 4.183 Appendix A.2-5 geankoplis edisi 3
333.0196 x
333.15 4.187
Diperoleh, x = 4.186948
Cp etanol (pada suhu 59.86958°C) = 0.705 cal/g°C

= 2.951694 kJ/kg.K
𝐶𝑝 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛 (𝐶𝑝𝐿)=(𝑥𝐹×𝐶𝑝 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙)+((1−𝑥𝐹)×𝐶𝑝 𝑎𝑖𝑟)
Cp campuran (CpL) = 4.001935 kJ/kg.K
Lamda Campuran etanol-air pada T = 59.86958°C

%etanol (v/v) Reflux Ratio %etanol (w/w) %etanol (mol/mol)
F D B L D F D B F D
15% 80% 5% 0 0 12% 76% 4% 5% 55%
20% 60% 3% 30 30 16% 54% 2% 7% 32%
20% 63% 3% 40 20 16% 57% 2% 7% 34%
18% 68% 4% 15% 62% 3% 6% 40%
41766612 x³ + 230.90843897 x² − 100.09126136 x + 99.890192584
3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
hadap T Polynomial (Xa terhadap T)

hadap T

tanol (mol/mol)
B
2%
1%
1%
1%
T hot (⁰C) T cold (⁰C) Flowrate (L/h)
Reflux Ratio NO t (menit)
in out in out hot cold
Tanpa Reflux 1 0 93 58 30 35 60 500
Reflux 1:1 2 15 91 60 30 35 60 500
Reflux 2:1 3 30 92 59 32 37 60 500
Tanpa Reflux Fluida Dingin

T in = 30 ⁰C
T out = 35 ⁰C
ΔT = 5 ⁰C
T average = 32.5 ⁰C
flowrate fluida dingin = 500 L/h
Densitas air pada T average = 0.995512 Kg/L
Cp air pada T average = 4.183 KJ/Kg.K
m fluida dingin = 497.7559 Kg/h
Fluida Panas
T in = 93 ⁰C
T out = 58 ⁰C
ΔT = 35 ⁰C
flowrate fluida panas = 60 L/h 44.38069
fraksi volume etanol di bottom = 0.05
fraksi massa etanol di bottom = 0.04
densitas etanol pada T avg = 0.739678 Kg/L
densitas air pada T avg = 0.975038 Kg/L
densitas campuran = 0.96 Kg/L
cp etanol pada T avg = 2.49E+00 KJ/Kg.K
cp air pada T avg = 4.202011 KJ/Kg.K
cp campuran = 4.14 KJ/Kg.K
m fluida panas = 57.80 KJ/L
Q fluida dingin = 10410.564 KJ

Q fluida panas = 8366.9993 KJ
Q average = 9388.7815 KJ
ΔT1 = 58 ⁰C
ΔT2 = 28 ⁰C
LMTD = 41.195295 ⁰C
A = 1 m²
U = 227.90907 KJ/m²
Reflux 1:1 Fluida Dingin

T in = 30 ⁰C
T out = 35 ⁰C
ΔT = 5 ⁰C
Fluida Panas
T in = 91 ⁰C
T out = 60 ⁰C
ΔT = 31 ⁰C
flowrate fluida panas = 60 L/h

ΔT1 = 56 ⁰C
ΔT2 = 30 ⁰C
LMTD = 41.656365 ⁰C
A = 1 m²
U = 214.91653 KJ/m²
Reflux 2:1 Fluida Dingin

T in = 32 ⁰C
T out = 37 ⁰C
ΔT = 5 ⁰C
Fluida Panas
T in = 92 ⁰C
T out = 59 ⁰C
ΔT = 33 ⁰C

ΔT1 = 55 ⁰C
ΔT2 = 27 ⁰C
LMTD = 39.353682 ⁰C
A = 1 m²
U = 233.59454 KJ/m²
Densitas air (32.5⁰C) Geankoplis 5th A.2-11a
26.7 996.4 Kg/m3 0.9964 Kg/L
37.8 994.7 Kg/m3 0.9947 Kg/L
32.5 995.51171171 Kg/m3 0.995512 Kg/L
Cp air (32.5⁰C) Geankoplis 5th A.2-11a

26.7 4.183 KJ/Kg.K
37.8 4.183 KJ/Kg.K
32.5 4.183 KJ/Kg.K
Densitas etanol (75.5⁰C) American-institute-of-physics

70 0.74491 g/mL 3rd table 21-6 page 2-176
75.5 0.739678125 g/mL
78 0.7373 g/mL

65.6 981.9 Kg/m3 0.9819 Kg/L
93.3 962.7 Kg/m3 0.9627 Kg/L
75.5 975.03790614 Kg/m3 0.975038 Kg/L

65.6 4.187 KJ/Kg.K
93.3 4.229 KJ/Kg.K
75.5 4.2020108303 KJ/Kg.K
Cp etanol (75.5⁰C) Chemichal Properties Mc.Graw-Hill page 30

A 59.342
B 3.64E-01
C -1.22E-03
D 1.80E-06
T 75.5 ⁰C 348.5 K
Mr 46.07 g/mol
cp 1.15E+02 J/mol.K 2.49E+00 KJ/Kg.K

26.7 996.4 Kg/m3 0.9964 Kg/L
37.8 994.7 Kg/m3 0.9947 Kg/L
32.5 995.51171171 Kg/m3 0.995512 Kg/L

26.7 4.183 KJ/Kg.K
37.8 4.183 KJ/Kg.K
32.5 4.183 KJ/Kg.K

70 0.74491 g/mL 3rd table 21-6 page 2-176
75.5 0.739678125 g/mL
78 0.7373 g/mL

65.6 981.9 Kg/m3 0.9819 Kg/L
93.3 962.7 Kg/m3 0.9627 Kg/L
75.5 975.03790614 Kg/m3 0.975038 Kg/L

65.6 4.187 KJ/Kg.K
93.3 4.229 KJ/Kg.K
75.5 4.2020108303 KJ/Kg.K

A 59.342
B 3.64E-01
C -1.22E-03
D 1.80E-06
T 75.5 ⁰C 348.5 K
Mr 46.07 g/mol
cp 1.15E+02 J/mol.K 2.49E+00 KJ/Kg.K

26.7 996.4 Kg/m3 0.9964 Kg/L
37.8 994.7 Kg/m3 0.9947 Kg/L
34.5 995.20540541 Kg/m3 0.995205 Kg/L

26.7 4.183 KJ/Kg.K
37.8 4.183 KJ/Kg.K
34.5 4.183 KJ/Kg.K

70 0.74491 g/mL 3rd table 21-6 page 2-176
75.5 0.739678125 g/mL
78 0.7373 g/mL

65.6 981.9 Kg/m3 0.9819 Kg/L
93.3 962.7 Kg/m3 0.9627 Kg/L
75.5 975.03790614 Kg/m3 0.975038 Kg/L

65.6 4.187 KJ/Kg.K
93.3 4.229 KJ/Kg.K
75.5 4.2020108303 KJ/Kg.K

A 59.342
B 3.64E-01
C -1.22E-03
D 1.80E-06
T 75.5 ⁰C 348.5 K
Mr 46.07 g/mol
cp 1.15E+02 J/mol.K 2.49E+00 KJ/Kg.K
s Mc.Graw-Hill page 30
Data Pengamatan Distilasi
Densitas Air = 0.9957 kg/L

Densitas Etanol = 0.7807 kg/L
BM Air = 18
BM Alkohol = 46
No t (menit) T (℃ ) Flowrate (L/h)
F D B F D B
1 0 23 21 24.1 0 0 0
2 15 23.3 23.5 27.9 60 30 30
3 30 26.1 24.5 26 60 40 20
24.13333 23
Data Kesetimbangan
T (°C) Xa Ya
100 0 0
98.1 0.02 0.192 105
95.2 0.05 0.377
100
91.8 0.1 0.527 f(x) = 103.04301417 x⁴ − 255.41766612 x³ + 230.90843897 x² − 100.0
87.3 0.2 0.656 R² = 0.999797776521521
95
84.7 0.3 0.713
T (°C)
83.2 0.4 0.746 90
82 0.5 0.771 85
81 0.6 0.794
80.1 0.7 0.822 80
79.1 0.8 0.858
75
78.3 0.9 0.912 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0
78.2 0.94 0.942
Xa terhadap T Polynomial (Xa t
78.1 0.96 0.959
Ya terhadap T
78.2 0.98 0.978
78.3 1 1
Xf = 0.1497772519
Tb,f = 89.272497889 °C (dari pers polynomial)
Tf = 30.466666667 °C (T masuk kolom = T keluar preheater (T cold out))
𝑇 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒=(𝑇𝑏,𝑓+𝑇𝑓)/2
T average = 59.86958 °C = 333.0196 K
Cp Campuran etanol-air pada T = 59.86958 °C

Cp air (pada suhu 59.86958°C) = 4.186948 kJ/kg.K
T (K) Cp (kJ/kg.K)
323.15 4.183 Appendix A.2-5 geankoplis edisi 3
333.0196 x
333.15 4.187
Diperoleh, x = 4.186948
Cp etanol (pada suhu 59.86958°C) = 0.705 cal/g°C

= 2.951694 kJ/kg.K
𝐶𝑝 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛 (𝐶𝑝𝐿)=(𝑥𝐹×𝐶𝑝 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙)+((1−𝑥𝐹)×𝐶𝑝 𝑎𝑖𝑟)
Cp campuran (CpL) = 4.001935 kJ/kg.K
Lamda Campuran etanol-air pada T = 59.86958°C

%etanol (v/v) Reflux Ratio %etanol (w/w) %etanol (mol/mol)
F D B L D F D B F D
15% 80% 5% 0 0 12% 76% 4% 5% 55%
20% 60% 3% 30 30 16% 54% 2% 7% 32%
20% 63% 3% 40 20 16% 57% 2% 7% 34%
18% 68% 4% 15% 62% 3% 6% 40%
41766612 x³ + 230.90843897 x² − 100.09126136 x + 99.890192584
3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
hadap T Polynomial (Xa terhadap T)

hadap T

tanol (mol/mol)
B
2%
1%
1%
1%
Tanpa Reflux 1 0 140 87 93 69.5 100 21.5
Reflux 1:1 2 15 140 90 94 68.2 100 21
Reflux 2:1 3 30 140 90 95 68.3 100 21
Tanpa Reflux Fluida dingin

T in = 93 ⁰C
T out = 69.5 ⁰C
ΔT = 23.5 ⁰C
T average = 81.25 ⁰C = 354.4
flowrate fluida dingin = 21.5 L/h
densitas etanol pada T avg = 0.00163 kg/L (dihitung menggunakan aplikasi hysys)
densitas air pada T avg = 0.971019 kg/L (Appendix A.2-3, geankoplis Edisi 3)
densitas campuran = 0.922549 kg/L
cp etanol pada T avg = 3.433176 kJ/kg.K (Figure A.3-5, geankoplis Edisi 3)
cp air pada T avg = 4.200125 kJ/kg.K (Appendix A.2-5, geankoplis Edisi 3)
cp campuran = 4.16973 kJ/kg.K
m fluida dingin = 19.83481 kg/h
lamda = 2086.89 kJ/kg
Fluida panas
T in = 140 ⁰C
T out = 87 ⁰C
ΔT = 53 ⁰C
T average = 113.5 ⁰C = 386.65
m fluida panas = 92.25493 kg/h
Cp steam (113.5 °C) = 1.893798 kJ/kg.K
Lamda = 2086.89 kJ/kg
Q fluida dingin = 43336.65 kJ

Q fluida panas = 192525.9 kJ
Q average = 117931.3 kJ
ΔT1 = 47 ⁰C
ΔT2 = 17.5 ⁰C
LMTD = 29.85991 ⁰C
A = 1.8 m²
U = 2194.158 KJ/m²
Reflux 1:1 Fluida dingin

T in = 94 ⁰C
T out = 68.2 ⁰C
ΔT = 25.8 ⁰C
T average = 81.1 ⁰C = 354.25
Fluida panas
T in = 140 ⁰C
T out = 90 ⁰C
ΔT = 50 ⁰C
T average = 115 ⁰C = 388.15
Cp steam (99.09126 °C) = 1.894442 kJ/kg.K

ΔT1 = 46 ⁰C
ΔT2 = 21.8 ⁰C
LMTD = 32.4079 ⁰C
A = 1.8 m²
U = 1999.268 KJ/m²

T in = 95 ⁰C
T out = 68.3 ⁰C
ΔT = 26.7 ⁰C
T average = 81.65 ⁰C = 354.8
Fluida panas
T in = 140 ⁰C
T out = 90 ⁰C
ΔT = 50 ⁰C
T average = 115 ⁰C = 388.15
Cp steam (99.09126 °C) = 1.894442 kJ/kg.K

ΔT1 = 45 ⁰C
ΔT2 = 21.7 ⁰C
LMTD = 31.94624 ⁰C
A = 1.8 m²
U = 2028.069 KJ/m²
K
Densitas air (81.25⁰C)
80 0.97183 g/mL
81.25 0.971019 g/mL
menggunakan aplikasi hysys) 90 0.96534 g/mL
A.2-3, geankoplis Edisi 3)
3-5, geankoplis Edisi 3) Cp air (81.25⁰C)

A.2-5, geankoplis Edisi 3) 80 4.199 kJ/kg.K
81.25 4.200125 kJ/kg.K
90 4.208 kJ/kg.K
K
Cp steam (113.5⁰C)
100 1.888 kJ/kg.K
113.5 1.893798 kJ/kg.K
148.9 1.909 kJ/kg.K
K
80 0.97183 g/mL
81.1 0.971116 g/mL

81.1 4.19999 kJ/kg.K
90 4.208 kJ/kg.K
K
Cp steam (115⁰C)
100 1.888 kJ/kg.K
115 1.894442 kJ/kg.K
148.9 1.909 kJ/kg.K
K
80 0.97183 g/mL
81.65 0.970759 g/mL

81.65 4.200485 kJ/kg.K
90 4.208 kJ/kg.K
K
Cp steam (115⁰C)
100 1.888 kJ/kg.K
115 1.894442 kJ/kg.K
148.9 1.909 kJ/kg.K
Tanpa Reflux 1 0 71.5 42.2 27.5 30.6 60 30
Reflux 1:1 2 15 75.2 51.9 28.4 30.1 60 30
Reflux 2:1 3 30 61.7 37.8 27.5 29.5 60 30
Tanpa Reflux Fluida dingin

T in = 27.5 ⁰C
T out = 30.6 ⁰C
ΔT = 3.1 ⁰C
Densitas air pada T average = 0.995946 kg/L (Appendix A.2-3, geankoplis Edisi 3)
Cp air pada T average = 4.18119 kJ/kg.K (Appendix A.2-5, geankoplis Edisi 3)
Fluida panas
T in = 71.5 ⁰C
T out = 42.2 ⁰C
ΔT = 29.3 ⁰C
fraksi volume etanol distilat = 0.8
fraksi massa etanol distilat = 0.758237
densitas etanol pada T avg = 0.757084 kg/L (american institute of physics handbook
lamda = 1195.482 kJ/kg lamda etanol =
lamda air =
ΔT1 = 40.9 ⁰C
ΔT2 = 14.7 ⁰C
LMTD = 25.60388 ⁰C
A = 5.3 m²
U = 246.4328 KJ/m²

T in = 28.4 ⁰C
T out = 30.1 ⁰C
ΔT = 1.7 ⁰C
Fluida panas
T in = 75.2 ⁰C
T out = 51.9 ⁰C
ΔT = 23.3 ⁰C
lamda air =
Q average = 44367 kJ
ΔT1 = 45.1 ⁰C
ΔT2 = 23.5 ⁰C
LMTD = 33.13484 ⁰C
A = 5.3 m²
U = 252.6384 KJ/m²

T in = 27.5 ⁰C
T out = 29.5 ⁰C
ΔT = 2 ⁰C
Fluida panas
T in = 61.7 ⁰C
T out = 37.8 ⁰C
ΔT = 23.9 ⁰C
lamda air =
ΔT1 = 32.2 ⁰C
ΔT2 = 10.3 ⁰C
LMTD = 19.21352 ⁰C
A = 5.3 m²
U = 408.4453 KJ/m²
25 0.99708 g/mL
29.05 0.995946 g/mL
30 0.99568 g/mL
A.2-3, geankoplis Edisi 3) Cp air (29.05⁰C)

29.05 4.18119 kJ/kg.K
30 4.181 kJ/kg.K
Densitas air (56.85⁰C) Densitas etanol (56.85⁰C)

50 0.98807 g/mL 50 0.76329 g/mL
56.85 0.98476145 g/mL 56.85 0.757084 g/mL
60 0.98324 g/mL 60 0.75423 g/mL
Cp air (56.85⁰C)
n institute of physics handbook edisi 3) 50 4.183 kJ/kg.K
A.2-3, geankoplis Edisi 3) 56.85 4.18574 kJ/kg.K
60 4.187 kJ/kg.K
3-5, geankoplis Edisi 3)
lamda etanol = 857

lamda air = 2257.06

25 0.99708 g/mL
29.25 0.99589 g/mL
30 0.99568 g/mL

29.25 4.18115 kJ/kg.K
30 4.181 kJ/kg.K

60 0.98324 g/mL 60 0.75423 g/mL
63.55 0.98131235 g/mL 63.55 0.750921 g/mL
70 0.97781 g/mL 70 0.74491 g/mL
Cp air (63.55⁰C)
70 4.192 kJ/kg.K
lamda etanol = 857

lamda air = 2257.06

25 0.99708 g/mL
28.5 0.9961 g/mL
30 0.99568 g/mL

28.5 4.1813 kJ/kg.K
30 4.181 kJ/kg.K

40 0.99225 g/mL 45 0.76773 g/mL
49.75 0.9881745 g/mL 49.75 0.763512 g/mL
50 0.98807 g/mL 50 0.76329 g/mL
Cp air (49.75⁰C)
50 4.183 kJ/kg.K
lamda etanol = 857

lamda air = 2257.06

Perhitungan Distilasi - Pilot Plant

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Perhitungan Distilasi - Pilot Plant

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DATA PE

Densitas etanol 0.7807 kg/L

> Mencari Cp campuran

𝐶𝑝𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛=𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙×𝐶𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙+𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟×𝐶𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟

> Mencari lamda campuran (App A.2-9 Geankoplis 3rd Edition)

𝜆𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛=𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙×𝜆𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙+𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 𝜆𝑎𝑖𝑟

> Ploting Kurva Kesetimbangan

> Garis Equilibrium x,y

> Jumlah tray 2.51

> Mencari TF dan Tavg

𝐶𝑝𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛=𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙×𝐶𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙+𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟×𝐶𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟

> Mencari lamda campuran (App A.2-9 Geankoplis 3rd Edition)

𝜆𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛=𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙×𝜆𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙+𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 𝜆𝑎𝑖𝑟

> Garis Enriching

yn+1 = 0.5 xn + 0.27023191

> Ploting Kurva Kesetimbangan

> Garis Equilibrium x,y

> Garis Enriching

> Garis Striping

> Jumlah tray 1.97

> Mencari Cp campuran

𝐶𝑝𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛=𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙×𝐶𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙+𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟×𝐶𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟

> Mencari lamda campuran (App A.2-9 Geankoplis 3rd Edition)

𝜆𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛=𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙×𝜆𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙+𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 𝜆𝑎𝑖𝑟

> Garis Enriching

> Ploting Kurva Kesetimbangan

> Garis Equilibrium x,y

> Garis Enriching

> Garis Striping

> Jumlah tray 2.05

(°C) Flowrate (L/h) %etanol (v/v) Reflux Ratio X massa atanol

Data Kesetimbangan Etanol-Air

-255.42 x3 + 230.91 x2 + -100.09 x + 99.89

data pengamatan suhu masuk kolom distilator)

(App. A. 2-5 Geankoplis 3rd Edition page 856)

plis 3rd Edition)

+ 136.757526 x³ − 48.6143247 x² + 8.90406249 x + 0.01790977

0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

-255.42 x3+ 230.91 x2+ -100.09 x+ 99.89

data pengamatan suhu masuk kolom distilator)

(App A.3, Figure A.3-5 Geankoplis 3rd Edition page 879)

plis 3rd Edition)

0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

x5 + -201.55 x4 + 136.76 x3 + -48.614 x2 + 8.9041 x + 0.0179

data pengamatan suhu masuk kolom distilator)

(App. A. 2-5 Geankoplis 3rd Edition page 856)

(App A.3, Figure A.3-5 Geankoplis 3rd Edition page 879)

plis 3rd Edition)

0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

x5 + -201.55 x4 + 136.76 x3 + -48.614 x2 + 8.9041 x + 0.0179

λs air pada Tb 100°C Table A.2-9 Geankoplis 5th Edition

Densitas pada T distilat 23.5 C 296.5 K

Densitas pada T feed 23.3 C 296.3 K

λ campuran pada xd = 0,5405 Geankoplis A3-23

Cp air pada 25C Geankoplis Fig. A.3-5

λs air pada Tb 100°C Table A.2-9 Geankoplis 5th Edition

Densitas pada T distilat 24.5 C 297.5

Densitas pada T feed 26.1 C 299.1 K

λ campuran pada xd = 0.57174 Geankoplis A3-23

Cp air pada 25C Geankoplis Fig. A.3-5

Densitas air Geankoplis A.2-3

Densitas Air = 0.9957 kg/L

No t (menit) T (℃ ) Flowrate (L/h)