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Appendix 3
Irregular verbs in groups
The past simple and past participle are the same: The past simple and past participle are different:
1 cost → cost let → let 1 break → broke broken
cut → cut put → put choose → chose chosen
hit → hit shut → shut speak → spoke spoken
hurt → hurt steal → stole stolen
wake → woke woken

2 lend → lent lose → lost

→ → 2 →
send sent shoot shot drive drove driven
spend → spent get → got ride → rode ridden
build → built light → lit rise → rose risen
sit → sat write → wrote written
burn → burnt
learn → learnt keep → kept beat → beat beaten
smell → smelt sleep → slept bite → bit bitten
hide → hid hidden
feel → felt
leave → left
meet → met 3 eat → ate eaten
dream → dreamt (dremt)* fall → fell fallen
mean → meant (ment)* forget → forgot forgotten
give → gave given
see → saw seen
3 bring → brought (brort)* take → took taken
buy → bought (bort)*
fight → fought (fort)*
think → thought (thort)* 4 →
blow blew blown
→ caught (kort)* grow → grew grown
catch
→ taught (tort)* know → knew known
teach
throw → threw thrown
fly → flew flown
4 draw → drew drawn
sell → sold →
show showed shown
tell → told

find → found 5
→ begin → began begun
have had
drink → drank drunk
hear → heard
swim → swam swum
hold → held
read → read (red)* ring → rang rung
say → said (sed)* sing → sang sung
→ paid run → ran run
pay
make → made

→ stood 6 → came
stand come come
understand → understood become → became become

* pronunciation