PAST SIMPLE
- uzavřené činnosti v minulosti = něco se stalo:
I broke a window last night. (krátké trvání)
I spent my childhood in Prague (dlouhé trvání)
Every summer, I went to the sea. (pravidelná činnost)
- dějová sekvence (jedna věc se stala po druhé):
I came home, had a snack, watched TV and went to bed.
When Susan arrived, we had dinner. (poté co dorazila, tak jsme se najedli)à
- trvalé situace:
When I was a child, I lived in Prague. à
- preference, názory, smysly - stavová slovesa (viz PRESENT SIMPLE)
I wanted to have a drink so I went to the bar.
- zdvořilostní otázky, požadavky, nabídky:
I wondered if you were free this evening
I thought you might like some flowers.
- něco se stalo v minulosti, ale už to není aktuální
When I went to skiing last year, I broke my leg.
Anna and Daniel got married in Canada (minulost) à
- ukončené časové období
We studied enough for the exam (už je po zkoušce) à
Did you see Anna this morning? (už není ráno) à
Mozart composed many pieces of music (je mrtvý).
Did you see Romeo and Juliet (včera v televizi). à
Did Anna phone today? (v ten čas, kdy měla volat)
I wrote 6 emails in the morning.
- podrobnější detaily o něčem, co se stalo nově:
Joe has passed the exam! (present perfect - novinka)
He got 87%! (past simple - detail).
There has been a plane crash in New York. There was an explosion
- ptáme se na původce děje, nebo okolnosti stiuace:
Look what Jack has given me (myslíme na dárek). X Who gave you that?
(myslíme na původce děje)
PAST CONTINUOUS
- něco bylo v průběhu (v nějakou dobu):
What were you doing yesterday evening? I was watching TV.
- něco se dělo (v pozadí - vedlejší), když v tu chvíli se něco událo (hlavní)
When I got up this morning, the sun was shining
The phone rang while I was having dinner
When She arrived, we were having dinner (když dorazila, tak jsme jedli)
- dočasné situace
It happened while I was living in London last year.
- stěžování si (viz PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)
He was always borrowing money from his friends.
- ještě více zdvořilostní otázky, požadavky, nabídky:
I was thinking about that idea of yours
I was hoping we could have dinner together
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE – myslíme zároveň na minulost a na přítomnost
- něco se stalo v minulosti a je to stale aktuální
I can’t go sking because I have broken my leg (= My leg is broken now.)
Anna and Daniel have got married! (novinka)
- neukončené časové období
We’ve studied enough for the exam (zkouška je ještě před námi)
Have you seen Anna this morning? (ještě je ráno)
Andrew L. Weber has composed many pieces of music (je živý, až do teď)
Have you seen Romeo and Juliet? (vůbec někdy).
Has Anna phoned today? (doteď)
I’ve written 6 emails since morning.
- se slovy ever, before, never, yet, already, recently, for, since
Have you ever seen a ghost? I think we have met before. Has Dan phoned
yet? We haven’t seen Jane recently. It hasn’t rained since October.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
- něco začalo v minulosti a stale to probíhá: - něco začalo v minulosti a už je to ukončené:
You’ve been working hard recently. Come everyone! I’ve made dinner.
It’s been raining all day. I’ve finished my homework. Now let’s go and play.

- něco se dělo v minulosti a právě to skončilo (dynamická slovesa - děj) - něco se dělo v minulosti a teď to skončilo (dynamická slovesa - výsledek)
You look tired. Have you been running? à I’ve run 10 kilometres today
We’ve been painting the house (malovali jsme dům) à We’ve painted the room (vymalovali jsme dům – už je to hotové)

- jak dlouho už něco trvá (dynamická slovesa): - jak dlouho už něco trvá (stavová slovesa):
Have you been waiting long? I’ve had my car for a long time.
I’ve been reading this book since last week. I’ve known my girlfriend for 10 years.

- jak dlouho už něco trvá (dynamická slovesa): - kolikrát, jaké množství se stalo (dynamická slovesa):
They’ve been playing tennis since 2 o’clock. à They’ve played tennis 3 times this week
How long have you been reading that book? à How much of that book have you read?

- dočasné situace (dynamická slovesa) - trvalé / dlouhodobější situace (dynamická slovesa)

I’ve been playing the piano all afternoon. à I have played the piano since I was a child.
I’ve been living in Prague for the last month. à I have lived in Prague all my life

- opakované děje, které probíhají z minulosti až do teď (dynamická): - něco je poprvé, podruhé, atd.:
People have been phoning me all day today. I’ve been going to this café for This is the first time I’ve driven a car.
years.

- se slovy recently, for, since (dynamická):

It’s been raining for the last three days.

- změny, vývoj (dynamický):

The company has been losing money recently.
- preference, názory, smysly - stavová slovesa (viz PRESENT SIMPLE)
- se slovy mean a want (stavová) I’ve always wanted to become a sailor.
I’ve been meaning to call you but I keep forgetting. My aunt has never believed in god.
I’ve been wanting to read this book for a long time.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
- něco probíhalo až do bodu v minulosti
I went to the doctor because I had been sleeping badly.
When she arrived, she had been travellingfor twenty hours.
lt wasn't raining when we went out. The sun was shining. But it had been
raining, so the ground was wet
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
- něco se stalo před bodem v minulosti
When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.
Karen didn't want to go to the cinema with us because she'd already seen
the movie.