STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

with SOFTWARE
APPLICATIONS
 Lesson 1: Nature of Statistics

Lesson 1.2. Lesson 1.3.

Lesson 1.1. Data and
Sampling
Basic Variables based
Methods and
terminologies on Types and
Summation
used in Statistics Levels of
Notations
Measurement

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 Statistics and Accountancy
Statisticians work with quantitative and qualitative data Accountants work mostly with quantitative data than
• different types of data (e.g. drug efficacy, citizens' living qualitative data
conditions, consumer purchasing patterns, performance •financial figures
of an individual/company/institution)
Accountants
Statisticians -review financial documents to make sure
- design data collection methods, such as surveys clients manage funds appropriately
- identify digital sources for data collection -Prepare financial documents and report
- oversee data collection them as necessary
- compile and analyze data collected using statistical -Ensure proper procedures are being used for
methods and software collecting, storing, and reporting financial
- report findings and prevent misinterpretation of results information
- provide recommendations for using results -Make recommendations for improving
financial performance
(SPECIALIZED)

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Lesson
1.1.

Basic terminologies used in

Statistics

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 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
- refers to tabular, graphical, and numerical methods used to summarize data

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS (division of statistics)/

STATISTICAL INFERENCE
- The process of using data obtained from a sample to make estimates or test claims about the
characteristics of a population

DATA
- The facts and figures that are collected, analyzed, presented, and interpreted
- May be NUMERIC or NON-NUMERIC
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 DATA SET
- All the data collected in a particular study

ELEMENTS
- The entities/samples on which data are collected in a particular study

VARIABLE
- A characteristic of interest for the elements

OBSERVATION
- The set of measurements or data obtained for a single element

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Descriptive statistics

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 Back ->

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

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elements variables observations

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elements variables observations

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Lesson 1.2.

Data and Variables based on

Types and Levels of
Measurement
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DATA may be NUMERIC or NON-NUMERIC

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Raw data

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 Raw data/Questionnaire 1

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DATA may be NUMERIC or NON-NUMERIC

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 Next
meeting!

Levels/Scales of measurement

NOMINAL SCALE
ORDINAL SCALE
INTERVAL SCALE
RATIO SCALE

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 thanks!
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 Credits/references:
✔ Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A.. Statistics for
Business and Economics, 4th edition. West Publishing
Company © 1990.

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