‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‬

‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‬

‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‬
‫• ‪ 1‬اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ‪‬‬
‫ي‬
‫• ‪ 2‬ﻣ‪‬ﻮِ‪‬ﻧﺎت اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪‬‬
‫‪ 2.1 -‬اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫‪ 2.2 -‬اﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﺪ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫‪ 2.3 -‬اﻟﻄﺤﺎل‬
‫‪ 2.4 -‬اﻟﻐُﺪﱠة اﻟﺰﻋﺘﺮ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫‪ 2.5 -‬اﻟﻠﻮزﺗﺎن‬
‫‪ 2.6 -‬ﻧُﺨﺎع اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬
‫• ‪ 3‬وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪‬‬
‫• ‪ 4‬اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬

‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪‬‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ـﻞ اﻟﺠﻬـﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔـﺎوي‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻳ‪‬ـﺔ‪ (The lymphatic system :‬ﺟ‪‬ـﺰءاً ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻈـﺎم اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋـﺔ ﻓـ‪ ‬اﻟﺠﺴـﻢ‪،‬‬
‫وﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠ‪ ‬ﺷﺒ‪‬ﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﻤ‪ ‬اﻟﻠﻤﻒ )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،(Lymph :‬وﻳﺘﺤﺮ‪‬ك‬
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪم‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪ ‬ﻋﻠ‪ ‬ﺣﻮاﻟ‪ 600 ‬ﻋ‪‬ﻘﺪة‬
‫ﻟﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ (Lymph nodes :‬ﺗﺘﻮزﱠع ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ ،‬و ﻳ‪‬ﺤﺎﻓﻆ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪ ‬ﻋﻠ‪ ‬ﺗﻮازن اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺪم‪ ،‬واﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﱠﻪ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠ‪ ‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة ﻓ‪ ‬اﻷﻣﻌﺎء ﺗُﺴﻤ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠ‪ّ‬ﻤﻔﻴ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻮ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ (Lacteals:‬ﺗُﻤ‪‬ﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﺪﱡﻫﻮن‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻮاد‪ ‬اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴ‪‬ﺔ اﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺗﺬوب ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﺪﱡﻫﻮن ﻣﻦ‬

‫اﻷﻣﻌﺎء‪.‬‬
‫]‪[1‬‬

‫ﻣ‪‬ﻮِ‪‬ﻧﺎت اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪‬‬

‫اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‬

‫ﺗُﻮﺟ‪‬ﺪ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ (Lymphatic vessels :‬ﻓ‪ ‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ ،‬وﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻫﺬه اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓ‪ ‬ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗُﺴﻤ‪‬‬
‫اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻌﻴﺮات اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،(lymph capillaries :‬وﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻫﺬه‬
‫اﻟﺸﻌﻴﺮات اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ‪ ،‬أﻣ‪‬ﺎ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻓﺘﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠ‪ ‬ﺻﻤ‪‬ﺎﻣﺎت ﺗﻤﻨﻊ ﺗﺪﻓﱡﻖ اﻟﻠﻤﻒ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻒ‪ ،‬وﺗﺘﻤﺜﱠﻞ‬
‫وﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوﻳﺔ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺧْﺬ اﻟﻠﻤﻒ إﻟ‪ ‬اﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﺪ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓَﺤ‪‬ﺺ‪ ،‬وﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻳ‪‬ﺼ‪‬ﻞ‬
‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫]‪[2‬‬

‫اﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﺪ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‬

‫ﺗُﻌﺘﺒ‪‬ﺮ اﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﺪ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤ‪‬ﺮﺷ‪ّ‬ﺤﺎت ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪ ،‬وﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﺪ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺸ‪‬ﻞ‪ ‬أﺳﺎﺳ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ ،‬إذ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠ‪ ‬اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ اﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺗُﻌﺘﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء اﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺗﺘﻤﺜﱠﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﺪﻓﺎع ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ ،‬وﻣﻬﺎﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﺒ‪‬ﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﻔﻴﺮوﺳﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ دﺧﻮﻟﻬﺎ إﻟ‪ ‬اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﱠﻬﺎ ﺗُﺤﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗُﺪﻣ‪‬ﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻮﺟ‪‬ﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﻠﻖ‪ ،‬واﻹﺑﻄَﻴﻦ‪،‬‬
‫واﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪر‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﻄﻦ‪ ،‬وﻋﺎدةً ﻣﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺘﻔﺨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺮ‪‬ض اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﱠﻬﺎ ﺗُﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫]‪[2‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻳﻘﻊ اﻟﻄﺤﺎل )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ (Spleen :‬ﻓ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻋﻠ‪ ‬اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﺠﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ‪ ،‬و ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺘﺒ‪‬ﺮ‬

‫أﻛﺒﺮ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬و ﻳ‪‬ﺆدِ‪‬ي اﻟﻄﺤﺎل اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﺎم‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺗ‪:‬‬
‫]‪[2‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺪم‪ ،‬وﺗﺮﺷﻴﺤﻪ‪.‬‬

 ‫اﻟﻤ‪‬ﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻠ‪ ‬زﻳﺎدة ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺪم ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ إذا ﻓﻘﺪ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟ‪‬ﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪم‪.‬‬
‫إﻧﺘﺎج‪ ،‬وﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء اﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻣﻬﻤ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺪﻓﺎع ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻐُﺪﱠة اﻟﺰﻋﺘﺮ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻐُ ـﺪﱠة اﻟﺰﻋﺘﺮ ﻳ‪‬ــﺔ )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻳ‪‬ــﺔ‪ (Thymus gland :‬وﻫــ‪ ‬ﻏُ ـﺪﱠة ﺻ ـﻤ‪‬ﺎء ﻣﻮﺟــﻮدة ﺧﻠــﻒ ﻋ‪‬ﻈــﻢ اﻟﻘ ـﺺ‪ ،‬ﺗُﻔــﺮز‬
‫اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت‪ ،‬وﺗُﻌﺘﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻤ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺔ ﻓ‪ ‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻀﻮج‪ ،‬وﺗﻤﺎﻳ‪‬ﺰ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﺎﺋﻴ‪‬ﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ‪ ‬أﻫﻤ‪‬ﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓ‪ ‬ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻮﻻدة‪ ،‬وﺧﻼل ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫]‪[1‬‬

‫اﻟﻠﻮزﺗﺎن‬
‫وﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﻠﻮزﺗﺎن ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﺠ‪‬ﺰء اﻟﺨﻠﻔ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻢ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫ‪ ‬ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ أﻧﻮاع ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء‪ ،‬إذ‬
‫ﺗُﺸ‪‬ـﻞ ﺣﻠﻘـﺔ ﺗﻘـﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﻴـﻦ اﻟﻔـﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﻠﻌـﻮم؛ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﺳـﺘﻨﺸﺎق أﻳ‪‬ـﺔ أﺟﺴـﺎم ﻏﺮﻳﺒـﺔ‪ ،‬أو اﺑﺘﻼﻋﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗﺘـﺄﺛﱠﺮ‬
‫]‪[1‬‬
‫اﻟﻠﻮزﺗﺎن‪ ،‬وﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺘﻔﺨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ دﺧﻮل اﻟﺠﺮاﺛﻴﻢ‪،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟ‪ ‬اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧُﺨﺎع اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬
‫ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺘﺒ‪‬ﺮ اﻟﻨﺨﺎع اﻟﻌﻈﻤ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬إﻻ أﻧﱠﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻦ اﻋﺘﺒﺎره ﺟ‪‬ﺰءاً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪‬؛ ﻷﻧﱠﻪ ﺗﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻧﻀﻮج اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋ‪.‬‬
‫]‪[1‬‬

‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ أﻫﻤ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺗ‪:‬‬
‫]‪[3‬‬

‫ﻧَﻘْﻞ اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺴﻤ‪ ‬اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوي‪ ‬اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﺴﺮ‪‬ب ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌﻴﺮات اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻼﻟ‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،(Interstitial fluid :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗُﺠﻤ‪‬ﻊ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﻴ‪‬ﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺨﻼﻟ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻌﻴﺪه‬
‫إﻟ‪ ‬ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﺪم ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ إﻓﺮاﻏﻪ ﻓ‪ ‬ﻋﺮوق ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻓ‪ ‬أﻋﻠ‪ ‬اﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪر ﺑﺎﻟﻘُﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺪوى‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺼﺎب اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪوى ﺗﺘﺠﻤ‪‬ﻊ اﻟﺠﺮاﺛﻴﻢ ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﻌ‪‬ﻘﺪ اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎو ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬
Markus MacGill (23-2-2018), “What does the lymphatic system ‫ ^ أ ب ت ث‬.1
.do?”، www.medicalnewstoday.com, Retrieved 14-1-2019. Edited

Lymphatic system”, www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au,1-7-2017،“ ‫ ^ أ ب ت‬.2

.Retrieved 14-1-2019. Edited
Yamini Durani (1-5-2015), “Spleen and Lymphatic System”، ↑ .3
.kidshealth.org, Retrieved 14-1-2019. Edited

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