School Equipments for

CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL

NEEDS
Foundations of Special and Inclusive Education
(EDUC 103)
 CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
SPECIAL-NEEDS CHILDREN INCLUDE THOSE WHO HAVE:
MENTAL RETARDATION, WHICH CAUSES THEM TO
DEVELOP MORE SLOWLY THAN OTHER CHILDREN. SPEECH
AND LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT, SUCH AS A PROBLEM
EXPRESSING THEMSELVES OR UNDERSTANDING OTHERS.
PHYSICAL DISABILITY, SUCH AS VISION PROBLEM,
CEREBRAL PALSY, OR OTHER CONDITIONS.
Speech and Hearing Impairment
HEARING IMPAIRMENT IS THE INABILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL TO
HEAR SOUNDS ADEQUATELY. THIS MAY BE DUE TO IMPROPER
DEVELOPMENT, DAMAGE OR DISEASE TO ANY PART OF THE
HEARING MECHANISM.
Speech and Hearing Equipment

a Sound discrimination
toys
b Group hearing aids
c Manual alphabet
 Sound discrimination toys
Auditory or Sound discrimination is the ability to recognize
similarities and differences between sounds. it allows a person to
tell the difference between words and sounds that are similar as
well as words and sounds that are different.

Examples are:
1. Nursery Rhymes
2. Music
3. Instruments
 Group hearing aids
Hearing aids are sound-amplifying devices
designed to aid people who have a hearing
impairment.
 Behind-the-ear (BTE) aids
Most parts are contained in a small
* plastic case that rests behind the ear;
the case is connected to an earmold
or an earpiece by a piece of clear
tubing. This style is often chosen for
young children because it can
accommodate various earmold types,
which need to be replaced as the
Types of Hearing Aid child grows. Also, the BTE aids are
easy to be cleaned and handled, and
are relatively sturdy.
 "Mini" BTE (or "on-the-ear") aids
It also fits behind/on the ear, but is
smaller. A very thin, almost invisible
* tube is used to connect the aid to
the ear canal. Mini BTEs may have a
comfortable ear piece for insertion
("open fit"), but may also use a
traditional earmold. Mini BTEs allow
not only reduced occlusion or

Types of Hearing Aid "plugged up" sensations in the ear

canal, but also increase comfort,
reduce feedback and address
cosmetic concerns for many users.
 In-the-ear (ITE) aids
All parts of the hearing aid are
* contained in a shell that fills in
the outer part of the ear. The ITE
aids are larger than the in-the-
canal and completely-in-the-
canal aids (see below), and for
some people may be easier to
Types of hearing Aid handle than smaller aids.
 Completely-in-the-canal (CIC) aids
: These hearing aids are
* contained in tiny cases that fit
partly or completely into the ear
canal. They are the smallest
hearing aids available and offer
cosmetic and some listening
advantages. However, their
Types of Hearing Aid small size may make them
difficult to handle and adjust for
some people.
 Manual Alphabet
an alphabet especially for the
deaf in which letters are
represented by finger positions
and that is used in finger
spelling.
Visual Impairment
 Braille alphabet English

Braille is a system of touch reading

and writing for blind persons in which
raised dots represent the letters of the
alphabet. It also contains equivalents
for punctuation marks and provides
symbols to show letter groupings.
Braille is read by moving the hand or
hands from left to right along each line.
 Snellen charts required for
eye check –ups
The chart measures your visual acuity,
or sharpness of vision. If you don’t
wear glasses or contacts, your eye
doctor will use the results to find out
whether you need them. If you already
wear corrective lenses, the test results
will tell your doctor if your glasses or
contacts prescription needs to change.
 MOBILITY CANE, BLIND FOLDER.
GUIDE CANE
A guide cane is a cane that is used to catch any immediate obstacles. This cane is held diagonally
across your body and used to find obstacles in your path including curbs and steps. A guide cane
does not have as much movement potential but it can still be a useful tool.
 White Cane
TYPES OF CANE
white cane with a red bottom
TYPES OF CANE
white and red striped cane
TYPES OF CANE
 Typewriter with Braille marker.
The braille typewriter is a form of assistive technology for the blind,
featuring six keys that correspond to each of the six dots of the braille
code. Like a manual typewriter, paper is inserted into the machine.
Typing causes raised braille dots on the paper, which can be read with
the fingers.
 Perkins Smart Brailler
Types of typewriter with Braille marker
 Perkins Brailler
Types of typewriter with Braille marker
 Perkins Unimanual Brailler
Types of typewriter with Braille marker
 Large Cell Perkins Brailler
Types of typewriter with Braille marker
 Orthopaedic Impairment
ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT IS DEFINED AS A SEVERE ORTHOPEDIC
IMPAIRMENT THAT ADVERSELY AFFECTS A CHILD'S EDUCATIONAL
PERFORMANCE, PARALYSIS, UNSTEADY GAIT, POOR MUSCLE
CONTROL, LOSS OF A LIMB, ETC. (CAUSES LIMITED MOBILITY)
 Slides on techniques of physiotherapy
Physiotherapy treat neck and back pain caused by
problems in the muscles and skeleton. Problems in the
bones, joints, muscles and ligaments, such as arthritis
and the after-effects of amputation. Lung problems
such as asthma. Disability as a result of heart problems
 Artificial limbs
If you are missing an arm or leg, an artificial limb can
sometimes replace it. The device, which is called a
prosthesis, can help you to perform daily activities such as
walking, eating, or dressing. Some artificial limbs let you
function nearly as well as before.
Mental Retardation
 Psychological tests
A psychological test is used to measure an individual's different
abilities, such as their aptitude in a particular field, cognitive functions
like memory and spatial recognition, or even traits like introvertedness.
These tests are based on scientifically tested psychological theories.
Here are the major nine types of Psychological tests:

Personality Achievement Attitude Tests

Tests Tests

Emotional Intelligence
Aptitude Tests Intelligence Tests
Tests
Here are the major nine types of Psychological tests:

Neuropsychologi Observation
cal Tests (Direct) Tests

Projective Tests
 Learning Disability
A LEARNING DISABILITY IS DEFINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AS A
“SIGNIFICANT REDUCED ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND NEW OR COMPLEX
INFORMATION, TO LEARN NEW SKILLS (IMPAIRED INTELLIGENCE), WITH A
REDUCED ABILITY TO COPE INDEPENDENTLY (IMPAIRED SOCIAL FUNCTIONING),
WHICH STARTED BEFORE ADULTHOOD”.
Three main type of Learning Disabilities

a reading disabilities
b written language
disabilities
c math disabilities
 Equipments:

Tests used for Charts/Slides on

assessment Toys games basic areas of
learning disability
Charts/Slides on material used for
mistakes done by correction of
children. these problems.