Gaussian elimination

- Row echelon form:

- Back Substitution.
Triangular matrix

Diagonal Matrix

Symmetric Matrix

Identity Matrix
Matrix Multiplication

Basic Properties
Inverse Matrix
APPLICATION:
Markov Chain:
ex1:

X1 = P x (X0)

X2 = P x (X1) = P x (P x Xo ) = (P^2) x Xo

X3 = P x (X2) = (P^3) x Xo
=> Xn = (P^n) x (Xo)

ex2:
DETERMINANT
Laplace:
NOTE : Use Cramer’s Rule:
detA khác 0
Hệ phương trình có số phương trình = số ẩn cần tìm.
Propersition of determinant:

Change row or column

LINEAR INDEPENDENCE,
DEPENDENCE, COMBINATION
RANK:
Let A be a matrix mxn. Matrix mxn as a set of m row vectors, each
having n elements or as a set of n column vectors, each having m
elements.

The rank of a matrix is defined as the maximum number of linear

independent comlumn vectors in the matrix or the maximum
number of linearly independent row vectors in the matrix.
NOTE: Xác định free parameters? Trong giải hệ phương trình:

● unknows ( số ẩn cần tìm ) = rank [A]

ex:

=> solutions contains no free parameters

there is exactly one solution.
● unknows > rank [A]
 ex:

=> the number of free parameters in solutions = n -

p=2

● rank[A] < rank[A|b]

ex :

=> no solution
phương trình 3: 0x1 + 0x2 + 0x3 = 1 ( no solutions)

Example: