School of Geology, Petroleum and Mining Engineering Petroleum

Engineering Department

Course title Reservoir Engineering 1 HW #3

Title Practice material balance GAS
Date 04.10.2021

Performed by Bissembay Sholpan 3rd grade

Almaty 2021
 INTRODUCTION
It has been of great interest to find G by using material balance. The
conventional gas material balance equation was developed for a "volumetric" gas
reservoir. Therefore, the p/Z vs. cumulative gas production plot may give
misleading results in some situations. In fact, water encroachment in water-drive
reservoirs, formation and residual fluid expansion in over pressured reservoirs and
gas desorption in coalbed methane (CBM) or shale reservoirs can have a
significant role as a driving force in these cases. In these situations, where the gas
expansion is not the dominant driving force, modified material balance equations
have been developed by several researchers.
MAIN PART
In first problem from the production and reservoir data given below (add1,2,3) we
have to determine Gfgi using plots F vs. Eg + BgiEfw , p/z vs. Gp and verify
presence of natural water drive using F/(Eg + BgiEfw) vs. Gp plot. Also calculate
aquifer influx by using MB for gas when OGIP=554 MMscf. At 2nd , 3rd
problems such situations but there are also we need to determine dominant drive
mechanisms from Pirson’s indices. At last problem we have to find OGIP where a
gas-producing formation has uniform thickness of 32 ft, a porosity of 0.19, and
residual water saturation of 0.26. The gas z-factor is 0.83 at the initial reservoir
pressure of 4450 psia and reservoir temperature of 175 ºF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

In 1st problem for each production data point calculated ,

, where
 F vs. Eg + BgiEfw
400

350
f(x) = 249114.738194728 x
300 R² = 0.994945503925467

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016

2400
p/z vs. Gp

2300 f(x) = − 0.00878607567758448 x + 2313.33003858814

R² = 0.991683547242285
2200

2100

2000

1900

1800

1700
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000
And drawed
graphics F vs. Eg + BgiEfw, p/z vs. Gp where found Gfgi s due to slope and its equal

to 249115 MMscf and 264318.2451 MMscf .

F/(Eg + BgiEfw) vs. Gp

300000

250000

200000

150000

100000

50000

0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000
In this graphics a plot of F/(Eg + BgiEfw) vs. Gp shows us that a natural water drive
exists in this reservoir cause of the curve increases with Gp.
By using the MB for gas found water influx where OGIP=554MMscf

Next at second problem

F vs. Eg + BgiEfw
1.4
1.2
f(x) = 449.95167778139 x
1 R² = 0.999211012797117
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003

p/z vs. G
9000

8000
f(x) = − 13.37739043621 x + 7724.07941163184
7000 R² = 0.990712280487205
6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Gfgi=449.95 Bscf and from this equal in p/z vs. G Gfgi is

582.3677626 Bscf.
 F/Eg + BgiEfw vs. Gp
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
A plot of F/(Eg
+ BgiEfw) vs. Gp shows us that a natural water drive exists in this reservoir cause of the
curve increases with Gp.
Also calculated drive indices and gas expansion is the predominant mechanism,
while rock compaction and water compressibility are important at early stages of
production.

At 3rd problem
F vs. Eg
500
450 f(x) = 0.607884013184751 x
R² = 0.999422393994284
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Gfgi=0.6079MMscf
 Time vs. F/Eg
40
35
30
25
20
f(x) = 12.4395143036447 x
15 R² = 0.813510701484286
10
5
0
1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75

Due to curve increases with time then water drive exists.

At last problem OGIP is . It found from this formula

It will take 34.17 years to deplete by 50 percent at the rate of 3 MMscf/day

CONCLUSION
An advanced gas material balance equation has been presented and the
corresponding plotting function introduced; therefore, the material balance
equation can be plotted as a straight line with p/Z, as y-intercept and G as x-
intercept. The similarity of the recommended plotting procedure, p/Z** vs. G, to
the more commonly used p/Z format is a great practical advantage. It allows the
use of a rigorous material balance formula- tion for complex and unconventional
gas reservoirs, while retaining the simplicity and familiarity of the commonly used
p/Z format.
REFERENCES:
Ramagost, B.P. and Farshad, F.F. 1981. P/Z Abnormally Pressured Gas
Reservoirs. Papēr SPE 10125 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference
and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 4-7 October. doi: 10.2118/10125-MS.