統計學 Midterm Exam

2018/11/30
系級：____________ 學號：____________ 姓名：_____________

I. True or False (30%)

1. The only two types of random variables are discrete and continuous random variables.

2. All symmetric distributions can be assumed normally distributed.

3. A pizza restaurant uses 7 different toppings on its pizzas. At lunch time it has a pizza buffet and makes pizzas
with 2 toppings. If it wants to serve every possible combination of 2 toppings, it would need to make 14
different pizzas.

4. Service time for customers at a drive-through coffee shop has been shown to be uniformly distributed between
2 and 10 minutes. Customers will complain when service time exceeds 7.5 minutes. Based on this information,
the probability of getting a complaint based on service time is 0.3125.

5. A direct marketing company believes that the probability of making a sale when a call is made to an individual's
home is .02. The probability of making 2 or 3 sales in a sample of 20 calls is .0593.

6. A seafood shop sells salmon fillets where the weight of each fillet is normally distributed with a mean of 1.6
pounds and a standard deviation of 0.3 pounds. They want to classify the largest fillets as extra large and charge
a higher price for them. If they want the largest 15 percent of the fillets to be classified as extra large, the
minimum weight for an extra large fillet should be 1.91 pounds.

7. The Brockingham Carpet Company prides itself on high quality carpets. At the end of each day, the company
quality managers select 3 square yards for inspection. The quality standard requires an average of no more
than 2.3 defects per square yard. Last night, the inspector found 8 defects in the sample of 3 square yards. The
chance of finding 8 or more defects in the sample is 0.9975.

8. The miles per gallon for hybrid vehicles on city streets have been determined to be normally distributed with
a mean of 33.2 mpg and a variance of 16. Based on this information, the probability that if three randomly
selected vehicles are monitored and that two of the three will exceed the 35 mpg is slightly greater than 0.18.
9. The city council consists of 3 Democrats, 5 Republicans and 3 independents. Subcommittees are supposed to
be randomly assigned from the council. Suppose the 5-member planning and zoning subcommittee is
composed of 3 Democrats and 2 Republicans. The probability of this happening by chance alone is
approximately .4545.

10. An electronics repair shop has determined that the time between failures for a particular electronic component
part is exponentially distributed with a mean time between failures of 200 hours. Based on this information,
the probability that a part will fail between 20 and 100 hours is approximately 0.30.

II. Multiple Choice (45%)

11. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the normal distribution?

A) Symmetric

B) Mean = median = mode

C) Bell-shaped

D) Equal probabilities at all values of x

12. The following probability distribution has been assessed for the number of accidents that occur in a
Midwestern city each day:
Accidents Probability
0 0.25
1 0.20
2 0.30
3 0.15
4 0.10

This distribution is an example of:

A) a uniform distribution.
B) a continuous probability distribution.

C) a discrete probability distribution.

D) an expected value distribution.

13. Students who have completed a speed reading course have reading speeds that are normally distributed with
a mean of 950 words per minute and a standard deviation equal to 220 words per minute. Based on this
information, what is the probability of a student reading at more than 1400 words per minute after finishing
the course?

A) 0.0202

B) 0.5207

C) 0.4798
D) 0.9798
14. The manager at a local movie theater has collected data for a long period of time and has concluded that the
revenue from concession sales during the first show each evening is normally distributed with a mean equal
to $336.25 and a standard deviation equal to $80. Based on this information, what are the chances that the
revenue on the first show will be between $300 and $500?

A) About 0.3062

B) Approximately 0.6534
C) 0.1736

D) Approximately 0.4798
15. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A) The expected value of a discrete probability distribution is the long-run average value assuming the experiment
will be repeated many times.

B) The standard deviation of a discrete probability distribution measures the average deviation of the random
variable from the mean.

C) The distribution is considered uniform if all the probabilities are equal.

D) The mean of the probability distribution is equal to the square root of the variance.
16. In a standard normal distribution, the probability P(-1.00< z < 1.20) is the same as:
A) P(1< z < 1.20) - P(0 < z < 1.00).

B) P(1< z < 1.20) - 2*P(0 < z < 1.00).

C) 2 ∗ P(1< z < 1.20) - P(0 < z <1.00).

D) P(1 < z < 1.20) + 2 ∗ P(0 < z <1.00).

17. Which of the following probability distributions would most likely be used to describe the time between
failures for electronic components?

A) Binomial distribution

B) Exponential distribution

C) Uniform distribution

D) Normal distribution
18. The Vardon Exploration Company is getting ready to leave for South America to explore for oil. One piece of
equipment requires 10 batteries that must operate for more than 2 hours. The batteries being used have a 15
percent chance of failing within 2 hours. The exploration leader plans to take 15 batteries. Assuming that the
conditions of the binomial apply, the probability that the supply of batteries will not contain enough good ones
to operate the equipment is:

A) 0.0449
B) 0.0132

C) 0.9832

D) 0.0168
19. Employees at a large computer company earn sick leave in one-minute increments depending on how many
hours per month they work. They can then use the sick leave time any time throughout the year. Any unused
time goes into a sick bank account that they or other employees can use in the case of emergencies. The human
resources department has determined that the amount of unused sick time for individual employees is
uniformly distributed between 0 and 480 minutes. Based on this information, what is the probability that an
employee will have less than 20 minutes of unused sick time?

A) 0.002

B) 0.966
C) 0.063

D) 0.042
20. Employees at a large computer company earn sick leave in one-minute increments depending on how many
hours per month they work. They can then use the sick leave time any time throughout the year. Any unused
time goes into a sick bank account that they or other employees can use in the case of emergencies. The human
resources department has determined that the amount of unused sick time for individual employees is
uniformly distributed between 0 and 480 minutes. The company has decided to give a cash payment to any
employee that returns over 400 minutes of sick leave at the end of the year. What percentage of employees
could expect a cash payment?

A) 16.67 percent

B) 0.1667 percent

C) Just over 43 percent

D) 80 percent
21. If the number of defective items selected at random from a parts inventory is considered to follow a binomial
distribution with n = 50 and p = 0.10, the standard deviation of the number of defective parts is:

A) 5

B) 4.5

C) 45
D) about 2.12
22. If cars arrive to a service center randomly and independently at a rate of 5 per hour on average, what is the
probability that exactly 5 cars will arrive during a given hour?

A) 0.1755

B) 0.6160

C) 0.1277

D) Essentially zero
23. The transportation manager for the State of New Jersey has determined that the time between arrivals at a
toll booth on the state's turnpike is exponentially distributed with λ = 4 cars per minute. Based on this
information, what is the probability that the time between any two cars arriving will exceed 11 seconds?

A) Approximately 1.0
 B) Approximately 0.48

C) About 0.52

D) About 0.75
24. Beacon Hill Trees & Shrubs currently has an inventory of 10 fruit trees, 8 pine trees, and 14 maple trees. It
plans to give 4 trees away at next Saturday's lawn and garden show in the city park. The 4 winners can select
which type of tree they want. Assume they select randomly.
What is the probability that no fruit trees and 2 of each of the others will be selected?

A) 0.0058

B) 0.0218

C) 0.0355

D) 0.0709
25. The time between calls to an emergency 911-call center is exponentially distributed with a mean time between
calls of 645 seconds. Based on this information, what is the probability that the time between the next two
calls is between 200 and 400 seconds?

A) Approximately 0.47

B) About 0.199

C) About 0.747

D) About 0.801

III. Calculations (25%)

1. The fares received by taxi drivers working for the City Taxi line are normally distributed with a mean of $12.50
and a standard deviation of $3.25. Based on this information, what is the probability that a specific fare will
exceed $15.00? (10%)

2. A small city has 2 ambulances. Emergency calls for ambulances arrive randomly with an average of 0.2 calls
per hour. They are concerned about the possibility of both ambulances being busy when an additional call
comes in. What is the probability of more than 2 calls in a 1-hour period? Determine the correct distribution,
explain why it is the best distribution to use, and find the probability. (15%)
 Standard Normal Probabilities

Table entry

Table entry for z is the area under the standard normal curve
to the left of z.
z

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09

0.0 .5000 .5040 .5080 .5120 .5160 .5199 .5239 .5279 .5319 .5359
0.1 .5398 .5438 .5478 .5517 .5557 .5596 .5636 .5675 .5714 .5753
0.2 .5793 .5832 .5871 .5910 .5948 .5987 .6026 .6064 .6103 .6141
0.3 .6179 .6217 .6255 .6293 .6331 .6368 .6406 .6443 .6480 .6517
0.4 .6554 .6591 .6628 .6664 .6700 .6736 .6772 .6808 .6844 .6879
0.5 .6915 .6950 .6985 .7019 .7054 .7088 .7123 .7157 .7190 .7224
0.6 .7257 .7291 .7324 .7357 .7389 .7422 .7454 .7486 .7517 .7549
0.7 .7580 .7611 .7642 .7673 .7704 .7734 .7764 .7794 .7823 .7852
0.8 .7881 .7910 .7939 .7967 .7995 .8023 .8051 .8078 .8106 .8133
0.9 .8159 .8186 .8212 .8238 .8264 .8289 .8315 .8340 .8365 .8389
1.0 .8413 .8438 .8461 .8485 .8508 .8531 .8554 .8577 .8599 .8621
1.1 .8643 .8665 .8686 .8708 .8729 .8749 .8770 .8790 .8810 .8830
1.2 .8849 .8869 .8888 .8907 .8925 .8944 .8962 .8980 .8997 .9015
1.3 .9032 .9049 .9066 .9082 .9099 .9115 .9131 .9147 .9162 .9177
1.4 .9192 .9207 .9222 .9236 .9251 .9265 .9279 .9292 .9306 .9319
1.5 .9332 .9345 .9357 .9370 .9382 .9394 .9406 .9418 .9429 .9441
1.6 .9452 .9463 .9474 .9484 .9495 .9505 .9515 .9525 .9535 .9545
1.7 .9554 .9564 .9573 .9582 .9591 .9599 .9608 .9616 .9625 .9633
1.8 .9641 .9649 .9656 .9664 .9671 .9678 .9686 .9693 .9699 .9706
1.9 .9713 .9719 .9726 .9732 .9738 .9744 .9750 .9756 .9761 .9767
2.0 .9772 .9778 .9783 .9788 .9793 .9798 .9803 .9808 .9812 .9817
2.1 .9821 .9826 .9830 .9834 .9838 .9842 .9846 .9850 .9854 .9857
2.2 .9861 .9864 .9868 .9871 .9875 .9878 .9881 .9884 .9887 .9890
2.3 .9893 .9896 .9898 .9901 .9904 .9906 .9909 .9911 .9913 .9916
2.4 .9918 .9920 .9922 .9925 .9927 .9929 .9931 .9932 .9934 .9936
2.5 .9938 .9940 .9941 .9943 .9945 .9946 .9948 .9949 .9951 .9952
2.6 .9953 .9955 .9956 .9957 .9959 .9960 .9961 .9962 .9963 .9964
2.7 .9965 .9966 .9967 .9968 .9969 .9970 .9971 .9972 .9973 .9974
2.8 .9974 .9975 .9976 .9977 .9977 .9978 .9979 .9979 .9980 .9981
2.9 .9981 .9982 .9982 .9983 .9984 .9984 .9985 .9985 .9986 .9986
3.0 .9987 .9987 .9987 .9988 .9988 .9989 .9989 .9989 .9990 .9990
3.1 .9990 .9991 .9991 .9991 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9993 .9993
3.2 .9993 .9993 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9995 .9995 .9995
3.3 .9995 .9995 .9995 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9997
3.4 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9998