CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE NUEVO LEON

FACULTAD DE INGENERIA MECANICA Y
ELECTRICA

Semester: August-December 2021

Learning Unit: Cultura de la Lengua Inglesa
Plan 401

Fundamental Activity 2
Report about Engineering
Enrollment Name Career

1835140 LUIS ARTURO CENICEROS NAVA IME

1819128 EDSON EMMANUEL LARA RIVERA IMTC

1843131 CARLOS EDUARDO CORDERO PÉREZ IMTC

1844967 JUAN ROGELIO MEJIA GUZMAN IMTC

1833980 JOSÉ LUIS RODRÍGUEZ HITA IME

1813265 ALONDRA MARISOL SÁNCHEZ MARTÍNEZ ITS

1844262 PEDRO ANTONIO MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ IMTC

Semester 2021 August-December

17 de septiembre de 2021 1
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

Index Pag.
Introduction 3
Electricity generation 4
Advanced Manufacturing Technology 5
The Pioneer Of British Avation 7
Music 11
Literature 12
Conclusion 13
Bibliography 13

17 de septiembre de 2021 2
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

Introduction
This research seeks to show the aspects of English Culture that have influenced the
development of humanity, focusing more on engineering, for example: areas such
as electricity, automotive, manufacturing, aeronautics and culture.
In the world there are many cultures, some good and some bad, we must understand
and understand each of them, taking the best of each culture from each country, in
this case, the culture of the United Kingdom was taken, which have greatly
influenced other countries in this research. We talk about the advances in
aeronautical, automotive, manufacturing, electricity technology and also about the
culture that has been taking over time.

17 de septiembre de 2021 3
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

ELECTRICITY GENERATION UNITED

KINGDOM
BACKGROUND
Many countries that have large amounts of oil, do not think that they cause harm by
depending only on the generation of energy from this fossil energy, the British look
for other trucks to generate energy giving a culture to leave dependency and open
new paths.
MAIN ELEMENTS
Fossil fuels
Most of the UK’s electricity is produced by burning fossil fuels, mainly natural gas
(42% in 2016) and coal (9% in 2016). A very small amount is produced from other
fuels (3.1% in 2016). The volume of electricity generated by coal and gas-fired power
stations changes each year, with some switching between the two depending on fuel
prices.
Nuclear
21% of our electricity comes from nuclear reactors, in which uranium atoms are split
up to produce heat using a process known as fission. The UK’s nuclear power
stations will close gradually over the next decade or so, with all but one expected to
stop running by 2035. Several companies have plans to build a new generation of
reactors, the first of which could be running by 2018.
Renewable energy
Renewable technologies use natural energy to make electricity. Fuel sources include
wind, wave, marine, hydro, biomass and solar. It made up 24.5% of electricity
generated in 2016 - this will rise as the UK aims to meet its EU target of generating
30% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020.
Imports
The UK electricity network is connected to systems in France, the Netherlands and
Ireland through cables called interconnectors. The UK uses these to import or export
electricity when it is most economical. In 2015, the UK was a net importer from
France and the Netherlands with net imports of 13.8 TWh and 8.0 TWh respectively

17 de septiembre de 2021 4
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

which accounted for 5.8 per-cent of electricity supplied in 2015. Total net exports to
Ireland amounted to 0.9 TWh.
BENEFITS
Having different sources of fuel and technologies to generate electricity so that you
have a constant supply and not depend too much on one type of power generation,
increase the consumption of renewable energy and stop depending on fossil energy.
(UK, 2019)

ADVANCED MANUFACTURING
TECHNOLOGY
The Advanced Manufacturing Technology group works on developing the next
generation of cutting-edge manufacturing technologies and processes, as well as
improving manufacturing systems, organisation and sustainability.

Areas of excellence include

• Graphene related materials (GRM) and their composites development and

processes;
• Thin films and coatings;
• Energy conversion and storage systems fabrication and characterization;
• Design, modelling, simulation and manufacturing;
• 3D Printing, Rapid and Additive Manufacturing;
• Development and manufacturing of materials and structures for noise and
vibration control.; and
• Optimization technology and deep space exploration

Design, Modelling (including Materials and Processes), Simulation and

Manufacturing

• CAM – Design to Manufacturing- Simulation & Analysis

17 de septiembre de 2021 5
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

• Development of fundamental material models capable of characterizing

behaviors within a wide range of computations scales spanning form nano-
to-macro scales
• Development novel constitutive laws CLs including progressive damage,
failure criteria, interfaces, and behaviors under extreme conditions
• Implementation and validation using end-user FE software (e.g.LS-DYNA,
ABAQUS),
• Comprehensive optimization of geometry/material distribution techniques
• Multiple criteria decisions making in engineering design
• Lean manufacturing

3D Printing, Rapid and Additive Manufacturing

• Development of advanced lightweight products using Additive manufacturing

techniques in polymers and metals.
• Generation of Topology optimized thermal and structural systems using
additive production methods
• Development of new additive manufacturing systems and optimisation AM for
bespoke manufacturing process for production.
• Design for Additive manufacturing knowledge exchange
• Reduction of manufacturing production cycle times
• Development of a production 3D sand printing process for complex sand
cores

Development and Manufacturing of Materials and Structures for Noise and Vibration
Control

• Vibro-acoustic properties of elastic-acoustic metamaterials

• Sound absorption and transmission loss of lightweight composite panels
• Sound absorption of micro fibrous/porous materials

Optimization Technology and Deep Space Exploration

17 de septiembre de 2021 6
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

• Control-oriented model for linear and nonlinear systems

• Machine learning based model predictive control for partially unknown
dynamic systems
• Multi-objective optimization with minimum calculation burden
• Autonomous guidance design for Mars/Lunar landing missions
• Intelligent control for landing in uncertain environment
• Precision landing guidance with minimum fuel consumption

THE PIONEER OF BRITISH AVIATION

Nothing seemed to indicate that the young Amy Johnson, after graduating in
Economics from the University of Sheffield (United Kingdom) and working in a
routine office job, would find her vocation thousands of meters in the air. She must
have felt something special on her first flight as a passenger in 1926 that made her
change course completely and become one of the pioneers of aviation. At the
controls of her plane she performed a solo feat even greater than that of Amelia
Earhart, and like the American, she also died flying through the air for reasons that
are still unknown.
At the age of only twenty-six, Amy Johnson (July 1, 1903, East Yorkshire – January
5, 1941, Thames Estuary) became the first woman to fly solo from Britain to
Australia. This was the first of her exploits in a world like that of aviation, dominated
by men, which elevated her to the status of a media icon.

17 de septiembre de 2021 7
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

Her love affair with the air was love at first sight. In a letter to a boyfriend at the time,
the young woman described her first experience in an airplane: “Mollie and I went
up in the aeroplane. We both enjoyed it, but I would have liked to have done some
stunts.” While working as a secretary in London she joined the London Aeroplane
Club to receive aviation classes, which would change her life.
After obtaining a pilot’s license, she decided to quit her job as a secretary to dedicate
herself full-time to being a mechanic at the Stag Lane airfield and thus prepare for
the ground engineer exam. In 1929, she made history by being the first British
woman to pass this test and receive a ground engineer’s license from the Air
Ministry.
The media publicized this achievement and also her desire to break the record for a
solo flight from Great Britain to Australia, which was held at the time by the
Australian Bert Hinkler. On May 5, 1930 she embarked on an adventure with a two-
seater plane and, although she did not manage to break the record, she became the
first woman to travel that distance (around 18,000 kilometres) flying alone.

17 de septiembre de 2021 8
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

She had no radio connection or reliable weather data and her maps were very
basic. In addition, to reach the refueling points, she flew with the cabin open for eight
hours a day and even had to deal with a sandstorm in the desert. It took almost
twenty days to arrive, while Hinkler did it in sixteen.
The feat earned her numerous accolades, including the Order of the British Empire,
and marked the start of a long list of milestones: the speed record on the London-
Tokyo route, another solo record on a flight from England to Cape Town, and being
the first person to fly alone from London to Moscow in one day.
Within this life of speed and high flying, her 1932 express courtship with the pilot Jim
Mollison, whom she married only a few days after meeting him, delighted the society
journalists.
The couple broke a record flying between the United Kingdom and the United States
that almost cost them their lives, because only about 90 kilometers from their
destination the plane ran out of fuel and they ended up hospitalized. A few years
later, the couple separated and she continued with her solo career. But beyond the
celebrated exploits, what the pilot longed for was to have a normal life flying
commercial aircraft.
The outbreak of the Second World War gave her the opportunity to work as a pilot
in the Air Transport Auxiliary, transporting machinery and soldiers, which would end
up being her last achievement. On January 5, 1941, the plane she was piloting
crashed into the Thames estuary. It seems that the bad weather made the
manoeuvres difficult, but her death is surrounded by mystery, since the corpse was
never found.

17 de septiembre de 2021 9
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

So far three possible causes of her death have emerged, though none has been
confirmed. The first theory asserts that the crew of a ship of the Royal Navy, the HMS
Haslemere, saw her descend by parachute and fall alive into the water. The
commander dove into the water to attempt a rescue, but after failing to find her he
died a few days later in the hospital as a result of the icy waters.

The second theory is that of the historian Alec Gill, who suggests that Johnson’s
body could have been cut up by the propellers of the HMS Haslemere and that’s why
she was never found. Speaking to The Daily Telegraph, Gill said: “The Royal Navy
didn’t want to admit to a nation in the middle of war that they had killed Amy Johnson,
the famous pilot.”
The third explanation is that her plane was shot down by friendly fire projectiles. A
failure of communication between the pilot and the gunners who were stationed in
the Thames estuary watching the sky could have caused them to mistakenly shoot
down the aircraft thinking it was the enemy. Nothing has been confirmed, which
increases the mystery surrounding this legend of aviation.

17 de septiembre de 2021 10
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

MUSIC
The United Kingdom has a long and rich musical history. The United Kingdom, like
most European countries, has experienced a revival of its roots in the latter half of
the 20th century. English music has been part instrument and part protagonist of this
phenomenon, which reached its peak in the late 1960s and into the 1970s.

The achievements of the Anglican choral tradition are due to sixteenth-century

composers such as Thomas Tallis, John Taverner and William Byrd who tended to
overshadow instrumental composition. The semi-operatic innovations of Henry
Purcell did not lead to a native operatic tradition, but Georg Friedrich Händel found
real and important patrons, not to mention enthusiastic support from the English
public. The great public reception of non-English musical composers such as Haydn
often contrasted with the lack of recognition for local talent. However, the emergence
of figures such as Edward Elgar and Arthur Sullivan in the 19th century brought a
new vitality to English music. In the 20th century, Benjamin Britten and Michael
Tippett rose to prominence as internationally recognized opera composers. Ralph
Vaughan Williams and other musicians compiled country folk songs and adapted
them as concert music. Cecil Sharp was a leading figure in the revival of English folk
music.
In the 1960s, a number of musicians, singers and musical groups emerged in
England whose work came to shape many musical movements, especially rock and
pop. In 1962, The Beatles (John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and
Ringo Starr) became the most popular musical group in the world. Later, English
musicians and bands such as The Rolling Stones, Black Sabbath, Elton John,
Depeche Mode, David Bowie, The Who, Queen, Pink Floyd, Iron Maiden, The

17 de septiembre de 2021 11
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

Police, Sting, Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin, The Kinks, Cream, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck,
Def Leppard, Genesis, Phil Collins, Peter Gabriel, Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Jam,
Rod Stewart, E.L.O., Dire Straits, The Smiths, Morrissey, The Cure, Erasure, Duran
Duran, Culture Club, Pet Shop Boys, Take That and Spice Girls.

LITERATURE
English literature began in the 5th century with Anglo-Saxon literature, which was
written in Old English, with the epic poem Beowulf as its most representative
literary work. For many years, Latin and French were the literary languages of
choice in England, but in medieval times there was a flowering of Middle English
literature, with Geoffrey Chaucer as the most famous writer of this period.

The Elizabethan era is considered the golden age of English literature, with a great
literary output in the English language and the flourishing of Elizabethan poetry and
drama. The playwright, poet and actor William Shakespeare is considered the
English national poet and the most important writer in the English language.
Important writers of the period include John Milton, Daniel Defoe, Francis Bacon,
John Webster and Christopher Marlowe, among many others. There is an
important period of literary production known as English Restoration literature that
develops between 1660 and 1689.
With the advent of the British Empire, there was a great expansion of English as a
world language, thus creating a literature in this language in all parts of the world.
Writers associated with England include Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Alfred

17 de septiembre de 2021 12
 CULTURA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA

Tennyson, Rudyard Kipling, Arnold Bennett, Rupert Brooke, Lewis Carroll, Charles
Dickens, Thomas Hardy, A. E. Housman, H. G. Wells, Agatha Christie, George
Orwell, Virginia Woolf, J. R. R. R. Tolkien, Philip Pullman, Douglas Adams, Terry
Pratchett and J. K. Rowling, among many others. The English language is the
language with the highest number of Nobel Prize for Literature laureates, with 27.
Among the English-born writers who have won the prize are John Galsworthy,
William Golding, Winston Churchill and Harold Pinter.

Conclusion
The United Kingdom shows us how to stop depending on non-renewable energies
by looking for other ways, other technologies that favor our way of life, setting long-
term goals that seek to increase the consumption of renewable energies that include
wind, wave, and marine energy, hydroelectric, biomass and solar. This English
culture makes us turn to worry about the environment and think about the future of
our next generations, what will happen when fossil fuels no longer exist.

Bibliography

UK, E. (2019). Obtenido de https://www.energy-uk.org.uk/our-

work/generation/electricity-generation.html
Northumbria University Newcastle (2018) Advanced manufacturing
technologies https://www.northumbria.ac.uk/about-us/academic-
departments/mechanical-and-construction-engineering/research/advanced-
manufacturing-technology/

17 de septiembre de 2021 13