/*SAS Library*/

/*SAS Library is used to store the SAS datasets. There are two types
of libraries used is SAS

1} Temporrary Library - It is used to store the datasets only for a

particular session.
Once the session gets over all the datasets in the temporary
library will be removed and deleted.
Default library - Work

2} Permanent Library - It is used to store the datasets permanently

for any number of SAS sessions
Default: SAShelp, SASuser.
It is available is explorer window under library icon.

How to save datasets in the SAS library?

We have to use a two level name in the data statement

Syntax of the two level name:

<Libname>.<Datasetname>

In SAShelp by default any number of datasets are stored but in SASuser

there won't be any datasets by default.

User defined libraries: - It is a permanent library created by the

user

Steps for creating user defined library

1} Create a folder in desktop ot my documents or any one of the

drives.

2} Give a name to the folder.

3} Goto SAS prgm and click new library icon

4} Give a library name. It should be maximum 8 character in length. It

should follow the rules of DSN.

5} Select enable at startup.

6} Click Browse and provide path of the folder including the path and
the folder name.

7} Click ok.*/
/*Environments where SAS Runs

SAS runs on all types of environment. In windows environment SAS will

get enhanced editor as well as program editor. But in all the other
environment onlr program editor will be available*/

Data Bank;
Accno = 101;
CName= 'Sindhu';
Deposit= 50000;
Run;
proc print data=bank;
run;

/*System Options in SAS - are instructions used to control the SAS

system output

1.centre/nocentre - it is used to control the sas system where the

output has to be displayed either in center or in left justified.
Default: center

2.Date/Nodate - It is used to control the SAS system whether the

output has to display the date or not. Default: Date*/

3.linesize=n -

4.number/nonumber - This system option is used for displaying the

page number. Default: number

5.pageno=n - It is used to display the particular page number in the

output. It is based on value of n. Default= 1. */

options centre date number pageno=51 linesize=190;

proc print data=bank;
run;

/*STEP BOUNDARIES IN SAS - A Point at which SAS recognizes the step is

completed is called step boundaries. SAS contains two step boundaries

a) Data step boundaries - Data and run are the data step boundaries
b) Proc Step boundaries - proc and run or quit are the proc step
boundaries. */

Data Bank;
Accno = 101;
CName= 'Sindhu';
Deposit= 50000;
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=BANK;
RUN;
/*RUN GROUP PROCESSING - It is used to execute the procedures with the
help of run groups */

DATA MARKS;
INPUT SCI MATH;
DATALINES;
56 78
78 90
52 45
70 80
39 65
;
PROC PRINT DATA=MARKS;
RUN;

PROC CORR DATA=MARKS OUTP=M1;

RUN;

PROC REG DATA=MARKS;

MODEL MATH=SCI;
RUN;

MODEL SCI=MATH ;
RUN;

DATA MARKS;
INPUT Soc GK;
DATALINES;
56 78
78 90
52 45
70 80
39 65
;
PROC CORR DATA=MARKS OUTP=M1;
RUN;

/* Environments where SAS Runs*/

Data Bank;
Accno = 101;
CName= 'Sindhu';
Deposit= 50000;
Run;

PROC PRINT DATA=BANK;

RUN;
/*UNIT - 2*/

/*ADVANCED INPUT FEATURES*/

/*DATA - Valid complete information */

NAME=RAVI
AGE=27
PLACE=CHENNAI
QUALIFICATION=MBA
STATE=TAMIL NADU

/*RAW DATA - incomplete information*/

/*RAVI,27,CHENNAI,MBA,TAMIL NADU*/

/*INTERNAL RAW DATA - The data which is directly available in the sas
program

EXTERNAL RAW DATA - The raw data which is available outside the SAS
program and is invoked and read */

/*SYNTAX OF DATA STEP(INTERNAL RAW DATA)*/

/*DATA <LIBNAME>.<DSN>;
INFILE DATALINES <OPTIONS>;
INPUT <VAR1> $ <VAR2> .....;
DATALINES;
----------
---------
---------
;
RUN;
*/

/*1) Data statement - It is the first statement used in SAS to create

a data set.
2) Infile Statement - It is used to find the path of the raw data and
read datalines or cards as the path in the infile statement.

INFILE STATEMENT OPTIONS

a) DSD
b) DLM
c) MISSOVER
d) TRUNCOVER
e) FIRSTOBS=m
f) OBS=n
*/
DATA EMP;
INFILE DATALINES;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
DATALINES;
A001 ANALYST 40000
A002 HR 60000
A003 MANAGER 90000
;
RUN;

DATA SATHYA.EMP1;
INFILE DATALINES;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
DATALINES;
A001 ANALYST 40000
A002 HR 60000
A003 MANAGER 90000
;
RUN;

DATA SATHYA.EMP2;
INFILE CARDS;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
A001 ANALYST 40000
A002 HR 60000
A003 MANAGER 90000
;
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.EMP2;
RUN;

DATA SATHYA.EMP3;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
A001 ANALYST 40000
A002 HR 60000
A003 MANAGER 90000
;
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.EMP3;
RUN;
DATA SATHYA.EMP4;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
A001 ANALYST 40000
A002 HR 60000
A003 MANAGER 90000
;
PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.EMP4;
RUN;
/*SYNTAX OF DATA STEP(EXTERNAL RAW DATA)*/

/*DATA <LIBNAME>.<DSN>;*/
/*INFILE DATALINES <OPTIONS>;*/
/*INPUT <VAR1> $ <VAR2> .....;*/
/*DATALINES;*/
/*----------*/
/*---------*/
/*---------*/
/*; */
/*RUN;*/

DATA SATHYA.EMP5;
INFILE "C:\Users\system1\Desktop\EMPL.TXT";
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL ;
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.EMP5;
RUN;

DATA SATHYA.BMP1;
INFILE CARDS;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
BB001 ANALYST 40000
BB002 HR 60000
BB003 MANAGER 90000
;
RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP1;

RUN;

DATA SATHYA.BMP2;
INFILE "C:\Users\system1\Documents\NOTE.1.TXT";
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL ;
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP2;
RUN;
/*INPUT STYLES*/

1.LIST INPUT
2.FORMATTED INPUT
3.COLUMN INPUT
4.MIXED INPUT

/*1.LIST INPUT*/

/*STANDARD NON STANDARD NUMERIC*/

/**/
/*O-9 (907)*/
/*+/- 2,768*/
/*. $5600*/
/*E DATE AND TIME */
/* BINARY,HEXADECIMAL etc.*/
/**/
/*/*Infile statement options*/*/
/**/
/*1.DSD*/

/*Delimiter Sensitivity Data*/ ;

DATA SATHYA.BMP5;
INFILE CARDS dsd;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
BB001,ANALYST,40000
BB002,HR,60000
BB003,MANAGER,90000
;
RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP5;

RUN;

DATA SATHYA.BMP6;
INFILE CARDS dsd;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
BB001, ANALYST ,40000
BB002,HR, 60000
BB003,MANAGER,90000
;
RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP6;

RUN;
DATA SATHYA.BMP7;
INFILE CARDS dsd;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
BB001,,40000
BB002,HR,60000
BB003,MANAGER,90000
;
RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP7;

RUN;
DATA SATHYA.BMP8;
INFILE CARDS dsd;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
BB001,"ANALYST",40000
BB002,HR,60000
BB003,MANAGER,'90000'
;
RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP8;

RUN;

/*2.dlm*/

/* delimiter*/

DATA SATHYA.BMP9;
INFILE CARDS dlm=',:$ ';
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
BB001,ANALYST:40000
BB002$HR, 60000
BB003,MANAGER,,90000
;
RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP9;

RUN;

/*3.MISSOVER*/

DATA SATHYA.BMP10;
INFILE CARDS MISSOVER;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
BB001 ANALYST
BB002
BB003 MANAGER 90000
;
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP10;
RUN;

/*4.Truncover*/

DATA SATHYA.BMP11;
INFILE CARDS truncover;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
BB001 ANALYST
BB002
BB003 MANAGER 90000
;
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP11;
RUN;

/*5.Firstobs=m*/

DATA SATHYA.BMP1;
INFILE CARDS firstobs=3;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
BB001 ANALYST 40000
BB002 HR 60000
BB003 MANAGER 90000
jjoo1 ghj 89000
jhk90 klj 70000
;
RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP1;

RUN;

/*6.Obs=n*/

DATA SATHYA.BMP1;
INFILE CARDS obs=4;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
BB001 ANALYST 40000
BB002 HR 60000
BB003 MANAGER 90000
jjoo1 ghj 89000
jhk90 klj 70000
;
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP1;
RUN;

DATA SATHYA.BMP1;
INFILE CARDS firstobs=2 obs=4;
INPUT EMPID $ DESIGN $ SAL;
CARDS;
BB001 ANALYST 40000
BB002 HR 60000
BB003 MANAGER 90000
jjoo1 ghj 89000
jhk90 klj 70000
;
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=SATHYA.BMP1;
RUN;
/*2.Formatted Input Style*/

/*Character SAS Format example Application*/

/**/
/* $w. $4. anil*/
/**/

/*Numeric SAS Format example Application*/

/**/
/* w. 4. 7859*/
/**/
/* w.d 5.1 674.1*/
/**/
/* commaw. comma5.
4,595*/
/**/
/* commaw.d comma9.2
78,906.35*/
/**/
/* dollarw. dollar7.
$81,432*/
/**/
/* dollarw.d dollar10.2
$67,890.74*/
/**/
/* commaxw. commax6.
56.890*/
/**/
/* commaxw.d commax8.2
7.987,56*/
/**/
/* dollarxw. dollarx7.
$81.432*/
/**/
/* dollarxw.d dollarx10.2
$67.890,74*/
/**/
/* eurow. euro6.
E7.897*/
/**/
/* eurow.d euro10.2
e89.908,76*/
/**/
/**/
/* Date SAS Format Example
Application*/
/**/
/* DDMMYYW. DDMMYY10.
21/09/1989*/
/**/
/* DDMMYY8.
21/09/89*/
/**/
/* DDMMYY6.
210989*/
/**/
/**/
/* MMDDYYW. MMDDYY10.
09/21/1989 */
/**/
/* MMDDYY8.
09/21/89*/
/**/
/* MMDDYY6.
092189*/
/**/
/**/
/* DATEW. DATE9.
21SEP1989*/
/**/
/* DATE7.
21SEP89*/
/**/
/**/
/* TIME SAS FORMAT EXAMPLE
APPLICATION*/
/**/
/* TIMEW. TIME8.
15:09:32*/
/**/
/* TIME5.
15:09*/
/**/
/**/
/* DATETIMEW. DATYETIME17.
21SEP1989::15:09:32*/

/*Advanced input pointers*/

/* there are 4 input pointers

1. Absolute column pointers(@n): It is used to provide input pointers

the particular column number; for the variables in the input statement
from there SAS has to read the values. N indicates the column number.
It is used in formatted input style, column input style and in the
mixed input style.

2. Relative column pointers

3. Forward slash pointer
4. Hash pointer*/

Data Railways;
Input @1 Trno 5. @6 Trname $9. @15 Category $9. @24 Arr time5. @29 Dep
time5. @34 Pf 1.;
datalines;
12021Rajdhani Express 07:1507:201
32021Kakinada Superfast09:2009:223
78901GorakhpurGaribRath11:1011:155
;
proc print data=Railways;
format arr dep time5.;
run;
data railways_1;
Input @1 trno 5. @6 trname $10. @16 category $7. @23 arr time5. @28
dep time5. @33 pf 1.;
datalines;
12304dehradun express17:1511:251
12303chennai express19:2019:252
14032cormonadelexpress11:2511:303
;
proc print data=Railways_1;
format arr dep time5.;
run;

data student_details;
input studid stud_name$ course$ DOJ;
informat DOJ ddmmyyyy10.; /* Informat <variable_name> <informat>;*/
datalines;
101 Arpita SAS 10/10/2016
102 Shashi SAS 11/10/2016
103 Sam SPSS 12/10/2016
;
proc print data=student_details;
format DOJ ddmmyy10.;
run;

/*Relative Column Pointer

It is used to read the raw data if equal width exists between the
values of the raw data symbol(+n). Here the n indicates the number of
blank spaces in between the values. It is used in formatted, column
and mixed input styles*/

data railways_2;
Input @1 trno 5. +1 @7 trname $10. @16 category $7. @23 arr time5. @28
dep time5. @33 pf 1.;
datalines;
12304 dehradun express 17:15 11:25 1
12303 chennai express 19:20 19:25 2
14032 cormonadel express 11:25 11:30 3
;
proc print data=Railways_2;
format arr dep time5.;
run;

/* Column Input Styles*/

/*It is uesd to read the raw data if the values are non delimited and
standard*/

/* Width method (W.)*/

data railways_3;
Input @1 trno 5. @6 trname $ 10. @16 category $ 7. @23 pf 1.;
datalines;
12304dehradun express1
12303chennai express2
14032cormonadelexpress3
;
proc print data=Railways_3;
run;

/*Range Method*/

data railways_4;
Input trno 1-5 trname $ 6-15 category $ 16-22 pf 23;
datalines;
12304dehradun express1
12303chennai express2
14032cormonadelexpress3
;
proc print data=Railways_4;
run;

/*Mixed input style*/

/*It is used to read the raw data if the raw data is in the form of
list input, formatted input and column input styles together*/

Data transport;
input mode $ @7 dist $ 7. @14 place $9. @23 dt date9.;
datalines;
bus 7600kmspondy 31aug2005
lorry 5400kmssikkim 26apr2003
tempo 3900kmsrajasthan15mar2007
;
proc print data=transport;
format dt date9.;
run;

/*Advanced input pointers*/

/*Forward slash pointer (/) */

/*It is used to skip number of observations based on number of forward

slashes. It is applied in the input statement before or after all the
variables. It can be used in all the input styles. */

Data metals;
input metal $ Symbol $ / ;
datalines;
Gold AU
Silver AG
Copper CU
Alumini AL
Iron FE
Lead PB
;
Proc Print data=Metals;
run;
/* 4.Hash pointer(#n)*/

Data Metals;
input #2 Metal $ Symbol $ ;
datalines;
Gold Au
Silver Ag
Copper Cu
Alumini Al
Iron Fe
Lead Pb
;
proc print data=metals;
run;

Data Metals;
input #3 Metal $ Symbol $ ;
datalines;
Gold Au
Silver Ag
Copper Cu
Alumini Al
Iron Fe
Lead Pb
;
proc print data=metals;
run;

Data Metals;
input Metal $ Symbol $ #2 ;
datalines;
Gold Au
Silver Ag
Copper Cu
Alumini Al
Iron Fe
Lead Pb
;
proc print data=metals;
run;

Data Metals;
input Metal $ Symbol $ #3 ;
datalines;
Gold Au
Silver Ag
Copper Cu
Alumini Al
Iron Fe
Lead Pb
;
proc print data=metals;
run;
/*Multiple datalines and Multiple input statements*/

Data Metals1;
input Metal $ ;
input Symbol $ ;
datalines;
Gold
Au
Silver
Ag
Copper
Cu
Alumini
Al
Iron
Fe
Lead
Pb
;
proc print data=metals1;
run;

Data Metals2;
input Metal $ ;
input Symbol $ code ;
datalines;
Gold
Au 45
Silver
Ag 62
Copper
Cu 57
Alumini
Al 78
Iron
Fe 85
Lead
Pb 55
;
proc print data=metals2;
run;

/*The Single trailing (@)*/

Data Qualify;
input Teams $ RR @;
If RR >7.5 then
input Selection $ @;
if selection = 'yes2' then
input status $;
datalines;
Flash 7.8 yes1 QF
Sunshine 5.3 no L
sydney 8.6 yes2 F
;
proc print data=qualify;
run;
/*The double trailing(@@)*/

Data Metals3;
input Metal $ Symbol $ code @@;
datalines;
Gold
Au 45
Silver Ag
62
Copper Cu 57
Alumini
Al
78
Iron
Fe 85
Lead Pb
55
;
proc print data=metals3;
run;

/*3.Data Step Functions*/

/*1.SAS FUNCTIONS*/
/*2.ARRAY*/

/*1.SAS FUNCTIONS*/

/*1.NUMERIC SAS FUNCTIONS*/

/*2.CHARACTER SAS FUNCTIONS*/
/*3.DATE SAS FUNCTIONS*/
/*4.TIME SAS FUNCTIONS*/
/*5.DATETIME SAS FUNCTIONS*/

/*1.NUMERIC SAS FUNCTIONS*/

/*1.MAX*/
/*2.MIN*/
/*3.SUM*/
/*4.MEAN*/
/*5.INT*/
/*6.CEIL*/
/*7.FLOOR*/
/*8.ROUND*/
/*9.LOG*/
/*10.LOG10*/
/*11.FACT*/
DATA NF1;
X=5;
Y=12;
Z=-10;
MAX=MAX(X,Y,Z);
MIN=MIN(X,Y,Z);
SUM=SUM(X,Y,Z);
MEAN=MEAN(X,Y,Z);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=NF1;
RUN;

DATA NF2;
X=3.2;
Y=-2.9;
INT1=INT(X);
INT2=INT(Y);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=NF2;
RUN;

DATA NF2;
X=3.2;
Y=-2.9;
CEIL1=CEIL(X);
CEIL2=CEIL(Y);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=NF2;
RUN;

DATA NF3;
X=3.2;
Y=-2.9;
FLOOR1=FLOOR(X);
FLOOR2=FLOOR(Y);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=NF3;
RUN;

DATA NF4;
X=1937.56;
R1=ROUND(X,0.1);
R2=ROUND(X,1);
R3=ROUND(X,10);
R4=ROUND(X,100);
R5=ROUND(X,1000);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=NF4;
RUN;
DATA NF5;
X=1937.56;
LOG=LOG(X);
LOG10=LOG10(X);
RUN ;
PROC PRINT DATA=NF5;
RUN;

DATA NF6;
X=5;
Y=15;
Z=12;
FACT1=FACT(X);
FACT2=FACT(Y);
FACT3=FACT(Z);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=NF6;
RUN;

DATA MAXIMUM;
A=567;
B=657;
C=239;
D=MAX(A,B,C);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=MAXIMUM;
RUN;
TITLE;
TITLE1;

DATA MINIMUM;
A=567;
B=657;
C=239;
D=MIN(A,B,C);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=MINIMUM;
RUN;
TITLE 'SAS FUNCTIONS';

DATA TOTAL;
A=190;
B=23;
C=7689;
D=SUM(A,B,C);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=TOTAL;
RUN;
DATA AVERAGE;
X=35;
Y=70;
Z=105;
G=MEAN(X,Y,Z);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=AVERAGE;
RUN;

DATA INTEGER;
U=-23.4;
Y=INT(U);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=INTEGER;
RUN;

DATA CEILING;
J=238.02;
K=CEIL(J);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=CEILING;
RUN;

DATA CEILING1;
J=-238.62;
K=CEIL(J);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=CEILING1;
RUN;

DATA FLOORING;
D=25.9;
M=FLOOR(D);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=FLOORING;
RUN;

DATA FLOORING1;
D=-25.9;
M=FLOOR(D);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=FLOORING1;
RUN;

DATA ROUNDING;
K=69.765;
L=ROUND(K,.01);
M=ROUND(K,.1);
N=ROUND(K,1);
O=ROUND(K,10);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=ROUNDING;
RUN;
DATA NATLOG;
V=234.34;
C=LOG(V);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=NATLOG;
RUN;

DATA LOGTEN;
V=234.34;
C=LOG10(V);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=LOGTEN;
RUN;

DATA FACTORIAL;
S=5;
D=FACT(5);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=FACTORIAL;
RUN;

DATA FACTORIAL1;
D=FACT(5);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=FACTORIAL1;
RUN;

/*SAS FUNCTIONS-CHARACTER FUNCTIONS*/

DATA C1;
A='umbrella';
B='BINOMIAL';
C='tHeoREm';
upcase=UPCASE(A);
lowcase=LOWCASE(B);
propcase=PROPCASE(C);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=C1;
RUN;

/*LENGTH*/
/*LENGTHC*/

DATA C2;
X='ANIMATION';
Y=' VELOCITY ';
LEN1=LENGTH(X);
LEN2=LENGTH(Y);
LENC=LENGTHC(Y);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=c2;
RUN;
/*Substring function and Scan function*/

DATA C3;
A='POTENTIAL';
B='THE ECONOMIC COUNCIL';
Substr1=SUBSTR(A,3,3);
Substr2=SUBSTR(A,3);
SCAN1=SCAN(B,-1);
SCAN2=SCAN(B,2);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=c3;
RUN;

/*Index,Indexw,Indexc*/

data c4;
x='Finland is called land of thousand lakes';
index=index(x,'land');
indexw=indexw(x,'land');
indexc=indexc(x,'land');
run;
PROC PRINT DATA=c4;
RUN;

/*Find function*/

syntax : Find(<source>,<Substring>,<I modifier>,<starpos>);

data C5;
X='India is the COUNTRY known for its peace, courage and stability.
peace is the main motto';
F1=Find(X,'pea');
F2=Find(X,'Pea','I');
F3=Find(X,'Pea','i',41);
run;
proc print data=c5;
run;

DATA C6;
A='INTERPOLATION IN NUMERICAL ANALYSIS';
B='THE SUN RISES IN THE EAST';
C='RINY DAY FOR ALL';
D=INDEX(A,'IN');
E=INDEXW(B,'IN');
F=INDEXC(C,'DAY');
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=EXRC6;
RUN;
DATA C7;
x=' KER ALA TUSKERS ';
compress1=COMPRESS(X);
y='Ma**k1 e';
compress2=COMPRESS(y,'*1 ');
z='SUN RISES IN THE EAST';
COMPBL=COMPBL(Z);
PROC PRINT DATA=C7;
RUN;

/*CAT*/

/*CATT*/

/*CONCATENATION OPERATOR*/

data c8;
x='Sun ';
y='rises ';
z='in ';
a='the ';
b='east';
cat=cat(x,y,z,a,b);
run;
PROC PRINT DATA=C8;
RUN;

/*CATX*/

data c9;
k='_';
x='Sun';
y='rises';
z='in';
a='the';
b='east';
catx=catx(k,x,y,z,a,b);
run;
PROC PRINT DATA=C9;
RUN;

data c10;
k='';
x='Sun';
y='rises';
z='in';
a='the';
b='east';
catx=catx(k,x,y,z,a,b);
run;
PROC PRINT DATA=C10;
RUN;
data c11;
x='Sun';
y='rises';
z='in';
a='the';
b='east';
catx=catx('',x,y,z,a,b);
run;
PROC PRINT DATA=C11;
RUN;

/*CATS*/

data c12;
x=' intel ';
y='lig ';
z=' ent';
cats=cats(x,y,z);
run;
proc print data=c12;
run;

/*CATT*/

data c13;
x='intel ';
y='lig ';
z='ent ';
catt=catt(x,y,z);
run;
proc print data=c13;
run;

data c14;
x=' intel';
y=' lig';
z=' ent';
catt=catt(x,y,z);
run;
proc print data=c14;
run;

/*concatenation operator (||)*/

data c15;
x='honesty ';
y='is ';
z='the best policy';
proverb=x||y||z;
run;
proc print data=c15;
run;
/*Left*/
/*Right*/
/*Trim*/

data c16;
x=' Georgia ';
left= ':'||left(x)||':';
right= ':'||right(x)||':';
trim= ':'||trim(x)||':';
run;
proc print data=c16;
run;

/*translate*/
/*tranword*/

data c17;
x='unbrekka';
y='Indus is the longest sea in India';
translate=translate(x,'ml','nk');
tranword=tranwrd(y,'sea','river');
run;
proc print data=c17;
run;

/*input*/
/*put*/

/*syntax :input(source,informat)*/

data c18;
x='195';
input=input(x,3.);
run;
proc print data=c18;
run;

proc contents data=c18;

run;
/*put*/

/*syntax :put(source,informat)*/

data c19;
x=195;
put=put(x,$3.);
run;
proc print data=c19;
run;

proc contents data=c19;

run;
/*1.upcase*/
/*2.lowcase*/
/*3.propcase*/
/*4.length*/
/*5.lengthc*/
/*6.sustr*/
/*7.scan*/
/*8.Index*/
/*9.Indexw*/
/*10.Indexc*/
/*11.Find*/
/*12.Compress*/
/*13.Compbl*/
/*14.Cat*/
/*15.Catx*/
/*16.Cats*/
/*17.Catt*/
/*18.Left*/
/*19.Right*/
/*20.Trim*/
/*21.Transalate*/
/*22.Tranwrd*/
/*23.Input*/
/*24.put*/

/*Date and time Functions*/

/*1.Day*/
/*2.Week*/
/*3.Month*/
/*4.QTR*/
/*5.Year*/
/*6.Datejul*/
/*7.Date*/
/*8.Today*/
/*9.Datetime*/
/*10.Datepart*/
/*11.Timepart*/
/*12.time*/
/*13.INTCK*/
/*14.INTNX*/
/*15.WEEKDAY*/

/*1.Day*/
/*2.Week*/
/*3.Month*/
/*4.QTR*/
/*5.Year*/

/*DATE VALUE OR DATE CONSTANT*/

/*SYNTAX : 'DDMMMYY<YY>'D*/
/**/
/*X='02MAR1992'D*/
/**/
/*Y='2mar92'd*/

Data DT1;
x='15sep96'd;
Day=Day(X);
WEEK=WEEK(X);
MONTH=MONTH(X);
QTR=QTR(X);
YEAR=YEAR(X);
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=DT1;
fORMAT X DATE9.;
RUN;

/*6.Datejul*/

/*JULIAN DATE*/

/*SYNTAX : 'YY<YY>DDD'*/

e.g. '1992095'

e.g. '92085'

data dt2;
x='92085';
datejul=datejul(x);
run;
proc print data=dt2;
format datejul ddmmyy10.;
run;

/*7.Date*/
/*8.Today*/
/*9.Datetime*/
/*10.Datepart*/
/*11.Timepart*/
/*12.time*/

data dt3;
date=date();
today=today();
datetime=datetime();
datepart=datepart(datetime);
timepart=timepart(datetime);
time=time();
run;
proc print data=dt3;
format date today datepart date9. time timepart time8. datetime
datetime17.;
run;
/*13.INTCK*/

data dt4;
x='7jul2003'd;
y='18nov2009'd;
days=intck('day',x,y);
weeks=intck('week',x,y);
months=intck('month',x,y);
quarters=intck('qtr',x,y);
years=intck('year',x,y);
run;
proc print data=dt4;
format x y date9.;
run;

/*14.INTNX*/

data dt5;
x='7jul2003'd;
d1=intnx('day',x,793);
d2=intnx('week',x,27);
d3=intnx('month',x,15);
d4=intnx('qtr',x,7);
d5=intnx('year',x,3);
run;
proc print data=dt5;
format x d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 date9.;
run;

/*15.WEEKDAY*/

data dt6;
x='17jun2006'd;
y='14jan2017'd;
weekday1=weekday(x);
weekday2=weekday(y);
run;
proc print data=dt6;
format x y date9.;
run;
15JAN2017

/*ARRAYS*/

/*Array is one of the data step function used to group the likely
variables and manipulate the variables simultaneously.

Syntax of the array statement

Array <Array Name> {dimension} $ <Array variables>;

Every Array statement begins with the Key word ARRAY.

Array Name is Optional. It follows the rules of the DSN.
Dimension is the no. of Array variables used in the Array.
Dimension must be given within the flower bracket only.
For character array variables we have to use $ symbol.
Array variables must be Completely numeric or completely character. It
can be defined in group wise or List wise.

Note : For every execution of Array statement there must be a

Iterative Do Loop required.*/

data trial1(drop=i);
infile datalines missover;
input sno m1 m2 m3;
Array MAS{3} m1-m3;
do i=1 to 3;
if MAS{i}=. then MAS{i}=25;
end;
datalines;
231 12 110 40
232 . . 35
233 54 90 .
234 . 35 .
235 90 37 88
;
proc print data=trial1;
run;

data trial29(drop=j);
input accno customer $ deposit;
Array Interest{4} q1-q4;
do j=1 to 4;
If j=1 then Interest{j}=Deposit*0.02;
If j=2 then Interest{j}=Deposit*0.03;
If j=3 then Interest{j}=Deposit*0.04;
If j=4 then Interest{j}=Deposit*0.05;
end;
datalines;
321 minu 15000
322 vinu 20000
323 dimu 18000
;
proc print data=trial29;
run;
Data doubletesting1 (drop=i);
input pno prodname $ cost sales;
Array product{2} cost sales;
Do I=1 to 2;
PRODUCT(2)=PRODUCT(1)+500;
end;
datalines;
121 table 300 350
122 chair 450 500
123 bed 600 650
;
proc print data=doubletesting1;
run;

data tr3(drop=i);
input pcode cp sp;
array status{2} profit loss;
do i=1 to 2;
If sp>cp then status{1}=sp-cp;
If cp>sp then status{2}=cp-sp;
end;
datalines;
5011 521 365
5012 234 567
5013 678 345
5014 234 231
5015 123 786
;
proc print data=tr3;
run;

data text(DROP=K);
input l1 $ l2 $ l3 $ L4 $ L5 $ L6$ L7 $ L8$ L9 $ L10 $;
array lower{10} $ l1-l10;
array upper{10} $ u1-u10;
do k=1 to 10;
upper{k}=upcase(lower{k});
end;
datalines;
smithers michaels gonzalez hurth frank bleigh
rounder joseph peters sam
;
proc print data=text;
title 'Names Changed from Lowercase to Uppercase';
run;
data text(DROP=I);
array names{*} $ n1-n10;
array capitals{*} $ c1-c10;
input names{*};
do i=1 to 10;
capitals{i}=upcase(names{i});
end;
datalines;
smithers michaels gonzalez hurth frank bleigh
rounder joseph peters sam
;
proc print data=text;
title 'Names Changed from Lowercase to Uppercase';
run;