Solve the deflection and stresses in the given truss manually by FEM, if both angles are 60 o and

the length of each member is 4m. The area is A=20cm2 and E=2.1x1011pa. A vertical load of
80kN and horizontal force 60kN are applied as shown and the supports at the left and right are
hinged as shown.

Fig. (1) Truss element with fixed end support the global coordinate

Given Required

E=2.1 1011pa Deflections, U, V

A=20cm2=20x10-4m2 stresses, σ1, σ2

All are 600

solution

Here the numbers at the joints indicate the node number and the element numbers at the middle
of the lines which are encircled.
The values of the nodes and elements are shown in the table below

Element Node (i) Node (j) Angle (Ө)

(1) 1 2 60
(2) 2 3 120
Now let’s calculate the stiffness matrix of the elements:

Hence we have a constant cross section and length

Then , 105 1006N/m

Develop equations for the two elements

By taking one element, element 1, we can produce a relationship between the local and global as
follows.

The local and global displacements are related as follows.

If we write equation (1) in matrix form

 { } [ ]{ } [ ]{ }

Similarly the local and global forces are related

Now we can write (3) in matrix form

{ } [ ] [ ]
{ } { }

We know that

=k

{ }= [ ]{ }

Substitute equation (2) & (4) in to (5)

[ ] [ ] [ ]{ }
{ }

Multiply equation (6) by [ ] then

[ ] [ ] [ ]{ }
{ }

{F}=[ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ][ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
 =k[ ][ ][ ]

=k[ ][ ]

The stiffness matrix [ ] for any member or element

[ ] [ ]

For element (1) ; =600

 [Sin(60)]2=0.7499 0.75, [Cos(60)]2=0.25 and [Cos(60)Sin(60)]=0.433

Then the element stiffness matrix becomes

U1(1) V1(2) U2(3) V2(4)

[ ] [ ]

For element (2) ; =1200

 [Cos (120)]2=0.25, [Sin(120)]2=0.7499 0.75 and [Cos(120)Sin(120)]= 0.433

Then the element stiffness matrix becomes

U2(3) V2(4) U3(5) V3(6)

[ ] [ ]

 Assemble the elements to present the entire problems

 Construct the global stiffness matrix
 U1(1) V1(2) U2(3) V2(4) U3(5) V3(6)

[K](G)= ………………(7)

[ ]

 Next the force matrix will be

=[K]G { }

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

= 8

[ ]{ }
{ }
 Apply the boundary conditions

U1=V1=U3=V3=0

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

[ ]{ }
{ }

The matrix equation (8) reduced to

{ =K[ ]{

From equation (9)

, F2x=60kN, F2y=-80kN and K=105 106N/m

Then U2= = = 0.571mm (Ans)

F2y=K 1.5V2 then

V2= = =-0.762mm (Ans)

  The deflections are

= -0.762mm

The stress

For element (1)

= [ ]

= 19656596.28N/

= 19.657 N/ (Ans)

For element (2)

 = [ ]

= -49634096.28N/

= (Ans)