It is the act of the registration or your Torrens Certificate of Title that

conveys or affects the land and binds third persons. So, it becomes
more than a contract between you and the government if it is merely
the issuance of the patent and no Torrens Title or Certificate of Title
was issued in your favor. But, as mentioned, the processing really is
that it would be endorse to the ROD for the issuance of title.

Once the title is issued, of course the necessary consequences

would be the certificate of title which is now issued pursuant to a
patent is indefeasible and such title cannot be defeated by adverse
possession by the others nor subject to collateral attack. So, these
principle, same principle with your Land Titles and Deeds for
properties covered by Torrens Certificate of Title.

I’m just listing here some principles that are part of your Land Titles
and Deeds but you may be encountering these concepts in your
cases. When we say cadastral registration, it is covered under
Sec. 43, but simply, a cadastral registration is when it is the
government which initiates a cadastral case compelling all claimants
to litigate against one another regarding their respective claims of
ownership. So, the aim here in cadastral cases is to settle as much
as possible all disputes over the land to remove all clouds over land
titles, as far as practicable, in a community. Just remember that if it’s
the government that initiates the case, then it is a cadastral case.

Laws governing now as to the cadastral cases, that would be the

Property Registration Decree, there’s a separate registration of
cadastral proceedings. Then, we also have reversion, I think I’ve
compared an action for reversion with an ordinary action for nullity of
title. Just take note that for actions for reversion, it is covered by
Sec. 91 this will also be discussed in your Land Titles and Deeds.
Essentially, here, there’s this duty provided by the statute on the
Director of the Lands to from time to time conduct an investigation
on any alleged fraud and securing a free patent and the
corresponding title to a public land and to file the necessary case
which would be a court action for reversion. So by the term itself, the
property is aimed to be reversed back to the State being a formerly
part of the public land.

Note that notwithstanding with the doctrine of indefeasibility of a

Torrens Title..