Groups of students were randomly assigned to be

taught using 4 different teaching techniques. They

were tested at the end of a specific period of time.
Because of drop outs in the experimental groups, the
no. of students varied from group to group .Do the
following data present sufficient evidence to indicate
a difference in the mean achievement for student
taught using the four teaching techniques.

1
 K = number of treatment
n = no of observation per treatment
SST = sum of squares for treatment
SSE = sum of squares for error
CM = correction for the mean
MST = mean square for treatment
MSE = mean square for error
F = f value ( difference between two population)

2
 Degree of Freedom
Treatment:

K-1= 4-1= 3
Error:

n-k= 23-4= 19
total:

n-1= 23-1= 22
3
 SS ( SUM OF SQUARES)
Treatment:( sum of squares for treatment)
SST= sum of squares of treatment totals with each
square divided by the number of observations in that
particular total subtracted by the CM ( correction for
the mean).

4
 CM= (TOTAL NUMBER OF ALL OBSERVATION)
N
CM= (1779)2 = 137601.8
23
SST= (454)2 + (549)2 + (725)2 + (351)2 – 137601.8 (CM)
6 7 6 4
=138 314.4 – 137601.8
SST = 712.6

5
Total SS ( sum of all squares of all x value) – CM
2 2 2
Total SS= (65) +(87) + … +(88) – CM
= 139511 - 137601.8
Total SS= 1909.2
SSE( sum of squares of error)
SSE = Total SS – SST
=1909.2- 712.6
SSE =1196.6

6
MST( Mean square for Treatment)
MST= SST
k-1
MST= 712.6
4-1
MST = 237.5

7
MSE( mean square for error)
MSE= SSE
n-k
MSE= 1196.6
23-4
MSE= 63.0

8
F( F value)
= to find out the if the means between two
populations are significantly different

F= MST
MSE
F=237.5
63.0
F= 3.77
9
Source of Degree of SS( sum of MS( Mean F( F value)
Variation Freedom Square) square)

treatment 3 712.6 237.5 3.77

error 19 1196.6 63.0

Total 22 1909.2

10