HYDRAULICS

(Hydrodynamics)

TOPICS TO BE DISCUSS:

1. Fundamentals of Fluid Flow

a. Definition of Terms and Types of Flow
b. Equation of Continuity
c. Forms of Energy
d. Power of Fluids in Motion
e. Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem
f. Law of Energy Conservation
2. Flow-Measuring Instruments
a. Venturi-Meter
b. Nozzle
c. Pitot Tube
3. Orifice
a. Flow Coefficients
b. Velocity of Discharge, Actual Discharge, Head Loss
c. Flow Through Orifice
• Torricelli’s Law
• Flow Through Free Surface, Submerged Orifice and Under
Pressure
• Coordinate Method of Jet Velocity
• Discharge Under Falling or Rising Head
4. Weirs and Tubes
a. Common Weir Formula for Discharge
• Suppressed Rectangular Weir
• Contracted Rectangular Weir
• Triangular or V-Notch Weir
• Trapezoidal Weir
• Submerged Sharp-Crested Weir
b. Tubes
c. Gates
5. Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits :Pipes
a. Flow Analysis (Reynold’s Number)
b. Head Losses in Pipe Flow
a) Major Loss (Friction Loss)
• Laminar Flow
• Turbulent Flow
b) Minor Loss (due to local disturbances)
c. Hydraulic and Energy Gradient in Straight Pipes
d. Total Pipe Losses in Pipe System
a) Pipe in Series
b) Pipes in Parallel
c) Pipes in Series and Parallel
d) Branching Pipes (Three-Reservoir Problem)
6. Flow in Open Channel
a. Uniform Flow Condition
a) Total Energy
b) Open Channel Formula
 c) Alternate Stages of Flow
d) Optimum Channel Section
b. Non-Uniform Flow Condition
a) Accelerated and Retarded Flow
b) The Hydraulic Jump
7. Hydrodynamic Forces (Reverse Effective Forces)
a. The Impulse-Momentum Equation
b. Momentum of a Stream of Fluid
c. Dynamic Force on Fixed Surface
d. Dynamic Force on Moving Objects
e. Forces on Reducing Bends and Reducers

CLASS REQUIREMENTS
1. Examinations (MidTerm , Finals & Quizzes)
2. Assignments
3. Attendance

REFERENCE / TEXT
Hydraulics (Reference & Text)
by Ruben A. de la Fuente
Ma. Trinidad E. de la Rosa
Pedro T. Templo Jr.

Prepared by:

Engr. Noli B. Sbayan