Chemical Bonds

Stability in Bonding
 Chemical Formula
 Shows ratio of elements in a compound
 Subscripts show the number of those elements
 Electron Dot Diagrams
 Show outer electrons
 Octet Rule
 Atoms want a full set of valence electrons

 Bonding
 Metals will lose electrons
 Nonmetals will gain electrons
 Atoms can share electrons to become stable
 Chemical bond is a force of attraction holding atoms or ions together
Stability in Bonding
Mrs. Coulter Says

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Types of Bonds

 Ionic bonding
 Between metals and nonmetals
 Electrons are transferred
 Solids at room temperature
 No overall charge
 Covalent bonding
 Between nonmetals
 Electrons are shared
 Solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature
 No overall charge
 Called molecules
Types of Bonds

 Types of Covalent Bonds

 Polar
 Unequal sharing of electrons
 Partially positive and partially negative ends
 Example – HCl, hydrochloric acid

 Nonpolar
 Equal sharing of electrons
 Example – CH4, methane
 Polar bonds are in equal and opposite directions
 Example – BF3
Mrs. Coulter Says

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Writing Formulas & Naming
Compounds
 Oxidation Number
 The charge of an atom
 Based on how many electrons added or lost
 Metal Cations
 Lose as many valence electrons as they have
 Nonmetal Anion
 Gain as many valence electrons as needed to get to 8
 Writing Formulas & Naming
Compounds
 Binary Ionic Compounds
 Two elements
 Charges must cancel out
 Crisscross method
 Naming Ionic Compounds
 Metal first – don’t change it
 Transition metals require roman numerals

 Drop the ending of the nonmetal and add –ide

 Polyatomic ions
 Multiple atoms with an overall charge
 Require parentheses
Writing Formulas & Naming
Compounds
 Binary Covalent Compounds
 Can have different ratios of elements
 Requires prefixes to tell numbers
 First element is further to the left on the periodic table
 Don’t change its ending

 Second element, drop the ending and add -ide

Mono 1 Hexa 6

Di 2 Hepta 7

Tri 3 Octa 8

Tetra 4 Nona 9

Penta 5 Deca 10
Mrs. Coulter Says

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