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 FORWARD

SCOPE

The sixth edition of Nitrogen Trichloride - A Collection of Reports and Papers provides a
compendium of documents considered important to understanding the formation of and associated
hazards of nitrogen trichloride.

In addition to this publication, the Institute recommends that interested readers also reference:
• Safe Handling of Chlorine Containing Nitrogen Trichloride, ed. 2; Pamphlet 152; The
Chlorine Institute; Arlington, VA, 2005.
• Maximum Levels Of Nitrogen Trichloride In Liquid Chlorine, 10th Edition; GEST 76/55; Euro
Chlor; Brussels, Belgium, 2001.

CHLORINE INSTITUTE STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM

The Chlorine Institute, Inc. exists to support the chlor-alkali industry and serve the public by
fostering continuous improvements to safety and the protection of human health and the
environment connected with the production, distribution and use of chlorine, sodium and potassium
hydroxides, and sodium hypochlorite; and the distribution and use of hydrogen chloride. This
support includes attention to the security of chlorine handling operations.

Chlorine Institute members are committed to adopting CI’s safety and stewardship initiatives,
including pamphlets, checklists, and incident sharing, which will assist members and members’
customers in achieving measurable improvement. For more information on the Institute’s
stewardship programs, visit CI’s website at http://www.chlorineinstitute.org/.

DISCLAIMER

The compiled papers and reports were obtained from presentations made at Chlorine Institute
meetings or other fora and subsequently provided to the Institute. Any recommendations contained
in any of these papers are those of the author(s) or other identified source and do not represent
official Chlorine Institute recommendations.

Chlorine Institute recommendations pertaining to the safe handling of chlorine are included in the
above referenced Pamphlet 152.

REVISIONS

This sixth edition of Nitrogen Trichloride - A Collection of Reports and Papers includes seven new
papers (23 through 29 as listed in the Table of Contents). Suggestions for revisions should be
directed to the Secretary of the Institute.

REPRODUCTION

The contents of this pamphlet are not to be copied for publication, in whole or in part, without prior
permission from the Institute.
 Table of Contents

TITLE DATE OF PUBLICATION AUTHOR PAGE #

1. Chemistry of Nitrogen Trichloride: November 6, 1962 Carl E. Vogler 1

A Review of the Literature

2. Concerning Explosive Properties November 8, 1962 A.J. Apex 11

of Nitrogen Trichloride-
Translation of a Russian Paper

3. Reproduction of Chlorine Institute 1928, ?, 1928, 1945 The Chlorine Institute 21

Accident Reports Concerning
NCl3

4. Miscellaneous Papers and 1957, 1939, 1940 Various Sources 42

Records

5. On Nitrogen Trichloride Hazards November 18, 1962 Axel Heilborn 47

6. Laboratory and Developmental November 18, 1962 Alonzo Farmer 51

Work on Ultraviolet Light for
Removal of Nitrogen Trichloride
from Chlorine Gas

7. Actual Plant Practice in the Use November 8, 1962 C.R. Dilmore 59

of Ultraviolet Lights in Removal of
Nitrogen Trichloride from Chlorine
Gas

8. Analysis of Nitrogen Trichloride December 3, 1963 Alonzo Farmer 67

by the Modified Hydrochloric Acid
Method
December 3, 1963
9. Inorganic Chloramines in Chlorine J.C. Myers 74
Plant Operations
December 3, 1963
10. Nitrogen Trichloride in Chlorine G.A. Robbins 80
Purification
December 3, 1963
11. NCl3 Concentrations and R.E. Ross & J.L. 84
Decomposition by Dry Bowling
Compression
December 3, 1963
12. Determination of Nitrogen Calvin H. Schmiege 90
Trichloride in Liquid Chlorine
December 3, 1963
13. Workshop on Nitrogen Trichloride Meeting of Chlorine 94
Plant Managers

i
 TITLE DATE OF PUBLICATION AUTHOR PAGE #

14. Nitrogen Trichloride February 4, 1970 R.E. Eakin 102

Decomposition in Chlorine
Purification

15. Discussion on Nitrogen February 4, 1970 Meeting of Chlorine 114

Trichloride Plant Managers

16. Incidents Where Nitrogen N/A N/A 122

Trichloride Was (or was
suspected to be) the Cause of
Explosions in Chlorine [LIST]

17. New Insights on Nitrogen February 8, 1984 James J. Leddy 123

Trichloride and Chlorine Taffy

18. Nitrogen Trichloride Control in May 22, 1978 S.D. Argade/E.N. 129
Chlorine Manufacture Balko; D.A.
Kramer/J.F. Louvar

19. Taft Purification Column Incident March 19, 1994 Peter M. Mayo 146

20. Nitrogen Trichloride Explosion in November 29, 1993 J. Cardona G./ 158
Chlorine Precooler Drain Piping
T. Drackett

21. Maximum Accumulation of February 29, 1996 F. Abraham/J.F. 187

Nitrogen Trichloride in a Knoop
Continuous Feed Chlorine
Vaporizer

22. Orica Yarraville Nitrogen December 8, 1998 James Fairweather 196

Trichloride Incidents, 30 July
1998

23. Nitrogen Compounds in Brine and March 2000 James B. Bratcher 207
Their Fate

24. Non-Ideal Solution Behavior of April 3, 2000 Robert L. Zeller III 216
NCl3 in Liquid Chlorine and It’s and John P. DeJac
Implications

25. Nitrogen Trichloride (NCl3): a February 9, 2001 Hans Piersma 241

Continuing Challenge

26. Thermal Degradation of Nitrogen August 30, 2006 J.I.H. Tavares Neto, 265
Trichloride in Electrolytic et. al.
Production of Chlorine

ii
 TITLE DATE OF PUBLICATION AUTHOR PAGE #

27. Test Report – Assessment of the February 14, 2008 Dr. D. Heitkamp/H.P 274
Detonative Decomposition of Keldenich
NCl3 in a Steel Pipe

28. A Review of NCl3 Hazards and June 19, 2009 Occidental Chemical 289
the Chlorinated Isocyanurates Corporation

29. On-Line Analysis of Nitrogen 2009 Chris Du Bois 295

Compounds in Brine and Nitrogen
Trichloride in Gaseous and Liquid
Chlorine

iii
 207
NITROG
GEN TRICHLO
ORIDE – A COLLECTION OF REPORT
TS AND PAPERS

23. NITROGE
EN COMPO
OUNDS IN B RINE AND T
THEIR FATE

By
Jame
es B. Bratche
er
(March 2000)
208
PAMPHLET 21
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NITROG
GEN TRICHLO
ORIDE – A COLLECTION OF REPORT
TS AND PAPERS
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ORIDE – A COLLECTION OF REPORT
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214
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ORIDE – A COLLECTION OF REPORT
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216
PAMPHLET 21

24. NON-IDE
EAL SOLUT
TION BEHAVVIOR OF NC
Cl3 IN LIQUIID CHLORIN
NE AND IT’S
S
IMPLICATIONSS

By
bert L. Zeller III and Joh
Rob hn P. DeJac
(Appril 3, 2000)
 217
NITROG
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ORIDE – A COLLECTION OF REPORT
TS AND PAPERS
218
PAMPHLET 21
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NITROG
GEN TRICHLO
ORIDE – A COLLECTION OF REPORT
TS AND PAPERS

25. NIT
TROGEN TR
RICHLORID
DE (NCl3): A CONTINUING CHALLENGE

By
Hans Piersma
(Febrruary 9, 2001
1)
242
PAMPHLET 21
 243
NITROG
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ORIDE – A COLLECTION OF REPORT
TS AND PAPERS
244
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ORIDE – A COLLECTION OF REPORT
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250
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254
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256
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264
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 265
NITROG
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ORIDE – A COLLECTION OF REPORT
TS AND PAPERS

26. THERMA
AL DEGRAD
DATION OF NITROGEN
N TRICHLOR
RIDE IN ELE
ECTROLYTIC
PRODUCTIION OF CHL
LORINE

By
J.I.T. Neto, K.D.B.
K Brito, L.G.S. Vasc
concelos, J.JJ.N. Alves, M
M.F. Fossy, R.P. Brito
(August 30, 2006
6)
266
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274
PAMPHLET 21

27. TEST
T REPO
ORT – ASSE
ESSMENT OF
O THE DET TONATIVE D
DECOMPOS
SITION OF N
NCl3
IN A STEEL PIP E

By
Dr.
D D. Heitka
amp, H.P. K
Keldenich
(February 14, 200
08
 275
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276
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288
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28. A REVIE
EW OF NCl3 HAZARDS AND THE C
CHLORINAT
TED ISOCY
YANURATES
S

By
Occidental
O Chemical
C Co rporation
(Jun
ne 19, 2009))
290
PAMPHLET 21
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29. ON-LINE ANALYSIS OF NITROGGEN COMP

POUNDS IN BRINE AND
D NITROGE
EN
TRICHLORI
T EOUS AND LIQUID CH
DE IN GASE HLORINE

By
Chris Du Bois
(2009)
296
PAMPHLET 21
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