IS

Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco

División Académica de Ciencias y Tecnologías de la

Información

Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales

Cunduacán Tabasco México

14 DE DICIEMBRE DEL 2020

 The CPU
The CPU is the brain of a computer systern: it controls all the other parts of the computer,
and does all the loaical operations. It decides what operations will be performed on data
and also the sequence of those operations. All data must sooner or later pass through the
CPU which can retrieve data from memory and store the results of manipulations back
into memory. In microcomputers the two big companies that make CPUs are called Intel
and Motorola. Both companies make 8, 16, and 32 bit microprocessors; the 32 bit
processors are much f aster and can process more inf ormation than the others, and
nowadays modern PCs all 15 have 32 bit processors.
RAM and ROM
RAM and ROM are the interna! memory banks, or «main storage» devices ( disks or tapes
are «secondary memory devices») where all the data the computer works with is stored.
The RAM memory stores information when the computer is turned on, and it receives all
the information and instructions that we put into it, either through the keyboard or by
loading programs and data into RAM from disks or tape. It is called «Random Access
Memory» because we can use it to store or retrieve information whenever we want. If we
want to use this information later, we have to save it on a disk, because it is all lost when
the computer is turned off. Microcomputers vary in the size of their RAM; early micros
had 48 or 64K RAM, but today, a normal PC will have 640K RAM, and many now have over
1 Mega RAM. The ROM memory stores permanent information that the CPU needs to
function correctly, but we can't put input into it, and we can't change it. That's why it's
called «Read Only Memory» - because we can't write it.
The quantity of information a computer can store, and the speed it processes the data, are
the two big variables in computers. Some computers can store billions of pages of
information and do complicated operations on the data incredibly fast. Others, like PCs,
are less powerful. But the basic «architecture» is the same.
 SUBSTANTIVE PHRASES

- Random Access memory

Memoria de acceso aleatorio

- A nomal PC
Una PC normal

- Secondary memory divice

Dispositivo de memoria secundaria

- Read Only Memory

Memoria de solo lectura

- The two big variables

Las dos grandes variables

- Complicated operations
Operaciones complicadas

- The data incredible fast

Datos increiblemente rápido

- The basic architecture

La arquitectura básica