Stage 1: Foundations and Development of Human Knowledge.

REQUIREMENT ACTIVITIES

First asynchronous session

1. Access to NEXUS platform, to the course The Paths of Knowledge in the section, Evaluación /
Exámenes, and answer according to your knowledge the exam named Evaluación Diagnóstica de la Etapa
1.

2. Individually read carefully in your textbook the topic 1.1 “Epistemological Bases of Knowledge” from
pages 5 to 15.

3. Base on the previous Reading, answer the following:

a) Epistemology definition.

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b) What is a pseudoscience?

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c) Which are the fundamental elements of the knowledge creation process?

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d) Empiricism definition.

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e) Rationalism definition.

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4. Complete the following chart about the main epistemology characters, identifying their position over the
knowledge acquirement and their contributions.

Academia Los Caminos del Conocimiento / Preparatoria 7 Dr. Oscar Vela Cantú
NAME OF THE LIFE PERIOD EMPIRICIST/ CONTRIBUTION TO ESPISTEMOLOGY
CHARACTER (DATE) RACIONALIST/
BOTH

Rene Descartes

Blaise Pascal

John Locke

George Berkeley

David Hume

Isaac Newton

Francis Bacon

Emanuel Kant

Karl Marx

5. Do the following comparative charts:

A) Distinguish between empirical and analytical knowledge

EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE ANALYTICAL KNOWLEDGE

Academia Los Caminos del Conocimiento / Preparatoria 7 Dr. Oscar Vela Cantú
B) Compare the deductive and inductive methods.

DEDUCTIVE METHOD INDUCTIVE METHOD

Second asynchronous session.

1. Read carefully the topics 1.2 “The Science and its method in Ancient Times” and 1.3 “Science and its
method in Modern Era”. The Scientific Method” from pages 15 to 25 of your textbook.

2. Make a list including the Antiquity philosopher’s and scientist’s insights (write down the date for each, you’ll
need it for your stage final evidence):

Antiquity philosophers and scientists

Name Date Insight

Physis philosophers

Thales of Miletus

Empedocles

Democritus

Aristotle

Aristarchus

Ptolomy

Academia Los Caminos del Conocimiento / Preparatoria 7 Dr. Oscar Vela Cantú
3. Write down a list with the insights of the Modern Era scientists (write down the date for each, you’ll need it
for your stage final evidence):

Modern Era scientists

Name Date Insight

Nicolaus Copernicus

Galileo Galilei

Robert Boyle

Isaac Newton

John Dalton

Charles Darwin

Louis Pasteur

Gregor Mendel

Marie Curie

Albert Einstein

Niels Bohr

James Watson y Francis Crick

Third Asynchronous Session

1. Read carefully the topics 1.4 “Science and technology: concept, distinctions, transcendence and
impact” and 1.5 “Types of knowledges and sciences by its process of research and knowledge
construction” from pages 26 to 45 from your textbook.

Academia Los Caminos del Conocimiento / Preparatoria 7 Dr. Oscar Vela Cantú
2. Put the following concepts in the correct rectangle:

Science, technique, technology, philosophical, daily, scientific, methodical, rational, systematic,

religious, mythic.

The emerges when humans seek to discover and know; is reasoning and
starts when mythical explanations are left behind to focus on a more objective and reflexive
vision. The deals with the procedures necessary to carry out an activity with
a purpose such as building something, taking a measurement, driving a car, etc. On another
hand, the arises when approaching technical-social problems from a
scientific conception and within an economic and socio-cultural framework.
We can find different types of knowledge according to the explanations offered by human
knowledge. One of them is the knowledge which is based on
research on the reality of various human phenomena or behaviors that cannot necessarily be
verified experimentally. The knowledge is based on documentary,
experimental and descriptive research, it seeks the objectivity of its explanations, is
as it is supported by coherent logical principles, and is also because it
groups, orders and hierarchizes different objects of study, it also requires a set of techniques
and strategies logically articulated and coherent with what is studied so it is
The knowledge is based on education and the cultural transmission of the
family and the community, it has fantastic components, it does not investigate or doubt the
given explanations.
The knowledge has faith as its base and foundation, so it does not follow a
method or is given by logical conviction. On the other hand, the knowledge is
the one that we acquire throughout our lives empirically without specialized knowledge or
following a method.

Continues…

Correctly arrange the following concepts in the table.

Academia Los Caminos del Conocimiento / Preparatoria 7 Dr. Oscar Vela Cantú
 Factual Sciences, Formal Sciences, Logic, Mathematics, Natural, Social, Classification of
Sciences, Psychology, Biology, Chemistry, Economics, Sociology, History, Physics.

3. Complete the following table and fill in the chronological order the stages in the history of science and
technology in human life, write down a brief description of each era (investigate the data you need):

HISTORICAL AGE PERIOD MAIN DISCOVERIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

(Centuries or years
that the era covers)

Academia Los Caminos del Conocimiento / Preparatoria 7 Dr. Oscar Vela Cantú
4. List in your notebook one or two examples of each type of knowledge different from those presented in your
textbook.

TYPE OF EXAMPLES
KNOLEDGE

Scientific
knowledge

Phylosophical
knowledge

Daily knowledge

Mythical knowledge

Religious
knowledge

Upload the images of each of the previous activities in a file according to the instructions of your teacher. The
individual PDF file will be uploaded to the TEAMS platform with the following name: INITIALS_RA-
STAGE1_TPK. Example: Carlos Sánchez Rodríguez CSR_RA-STAGE1_TPK

Learning Evidence for Stage 1: TIMELINE

Consult the rubric for the elaboration of this learning evidence in the Instructional guide of Stage 1 this activity is
through collaborative work and a member of the team must upload the file to the NEXUS platform with the
following name: TEAM # _LE1_TPK, Example: Team 1_LE1_TPK.

Academia Los Caminos del Conocimiento / Preparatoria 7 Dr. Oscar Vela Cantú