Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from
the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word which differs from the other three
in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
Question 7: This expensive car _________ me lots of trouble ever since I got it.
Question 8: _________ nutritious your breakfast is, the healthier you feel during the day.
1
Question 9: If they know the cause of the problem, they might be able to ________ how to prevent it
happening again.
Question 10: I have the greatest respect for his ideas, ________________ I don't agree with them.
Question 11. __________ poverty and faced problems in pursuing her career, Marry finally realized the
importance of perseverance and bravery.
Question 12: There is a wide __________ of options that you can choose, so you should think carefully
before making your final decision.
Question 13: The conventional dessert was topped _______ whipped cream and pieces of fruit.
A. by B. on C. for D. with
Question 14: The company has not yet demonstrated the technical expertise to ________ for international
contracts to build satellites.
Question 15: When the guests arrived, my mother _________ the washing-up.
Question 16: Many people fall into the trap of believing that home decorating must always be done on a
large ________.
Question 18: Television can present information more concretely than written and spoken text, which helps
children _________ some of the skills and knowledge needed for later reading.
Question 19: What is at __________________ is whether she was responsible for her actions.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 20: Thousands of fish were killed as a result of a discharge of poisonous chemicals from a
nearby factory.
Question 21: Although the seafood here is cheap, it is on a par with the best Indonesian restaurants.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22: Her feeling of outrage was further increased by the fact that he had broken off their
Question 23: I really enjoy a cut and thrust with James; he always has a unique perspective, even if we
clash sometimes.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete the
following sentences.
- John: “ ______________.”
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that
best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.
ENDANGERED SPECIES
Trophy hunting is the hunting of wild animals for their trophies, with the trophy being the animal or part of
the animal kept and usually displayed, to represent the success of the hunt. The game sought is typically a
large or impressively ornamented male, such as one having large horns or antlers. Generally, only parts of
the animal are kept as trophies and the (26)_________ itself is used for food.
4
Trophy hunting has both firm supporters and strong opponents. Debates surrounding trophy hunting centrally
concern not only the question of the (27)_________ of recreational hunting and supposed conservation
efforts of big-game and ranch hunting but also the observed decline in animal species that are targets for
trophy hunting.
Ranch hunting is a form of big-game hunting where the animals hunted are specifically bred on a ranch for
trophy hunting purposes. Many species of game such as the Indian blackbuck, nilgai, axis deer, barasingha,
the Iranian red sheep, and a variety of other species of deer, sheep, and antelope, as well as tigers and lions
and hybrids of these from Africa, Asia, and the Pacific islands, were introduced to ranches in Texas and
Florida (28)_________ the sake of trophy hunting.
These animals are typically hunted on a fee for each kill, with hunters paying $4,000 or more to be able to
hunt exotic game. As many of these species are endangered or threatened in their native habitat, the United
States government requires 10% of the hunting fee to be given to conservation efforts in the areas
(29)_________ these animals are indigenous. Hunting of endangered animals in the United States is normally
illegal under the Endangered Species Act. (30)_________, it is permitted on these ranches since the rare
animals hunted there are not indigenous to the United States.
The Humane Society of the United States has criticized these ranches and their hunters with the reasoning
that they are still hunting endangered animals even if the animals were raised specifically to be hunted.
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophy_hunting)
5
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions from 31 to 35.
The Shinkansen or bullet train is a high-speed train that operates throughout Japan, connecting major cities.
Services began in 1964, and at 210 kilometers per hour, it was then the fastest train in the world. Now, trains
operating on the Sanyo line, which connects Shin-Osaka and Hakarta, regularly achieve speeds of 300
kilometers per hour. These speeds are made possible by the aerodynamic design of the Shinkansen and the
system of motors it uses. Instead of having an engine that pulls the carriages along, the train is powered by a
series of powerful electric motors which run along the length of the train. The zero series trains, for example,
use a total of 64 sets of motors with a combined output of 11,840 kilometers.
In Tokyo, between 1986 and 1996, the number of commuters increased sixteenfold, and it became clear that
the motor car was not a sensible solution. Trains are faster and cause less pollution than cars, and most
Shinkansen can carry at least 1,200 passengers, as the carriages are double-deckers. The train runs on a
normal train track, but it can only reach top speed on the straighter parts of the line.
Another type of high-speed train is the Maglev, which is short for the magnetically-levitated train. The first
of these to operate commercially was built in Shanghai, connecting the city center to the Pudong International
Airport. The Maglev’s top speed is 430 kilometers per hour. This is 130 kilometers per hour faster than the
Shinkansen. The biggest advantage is that because the Maglev makes no contact with the track and has no
moving parts, it should in theory need no maintenance, which could make it cheaper to run. The main
disadvantage is that the Maglev track is very expensive to build. Also, because it cannot run on a normal
railway, it is limited where it can go. Nevertheless, Maglevs are currently being considered in Japan,
Germany, and the United States and may become the land transport of the future.
(Adapted from Achieve IELTS by Louis Harrison, Caroline Cushen and Susan Hutchison)
Question 32. According to paragraph 1, what is the unusual thing about the Shinkansen?
A. the zero series trains B. centers C. the Maglevs D. the bullet trains
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions from 36 to 42.
People of every culture tell each other fairy tales but the same story often takes a variety of forms in different
parts of the world. In the story of Little Red Riding Hood that European children are familiar with, a young
girl on the way to see her grandmother meets a wolf and tells him where she is going. The wolf runs on ahead
7
and disposes of the grandmother, then gets into bed dressed in the grandmother’s clothes to wait for Little
Red Riding Hood. You may think you know the story – but which version?
The universal appeal of these tales is frequently attributed to the idea that they contain cautionary messages:
in the case of Little Red Riding Hood, to listen to your mother, and avoid talking to strangers. ‘It might be
what we find interesting about this story is that it’s got this survival-relevant information in it,’ says
anthropologist Jamie Tehrani at Durham University in the UK. But his research suggests otherwise. ‘We
have this huge gap in our knowledge about the history and prehistory of storytelling, despite the fact that we
know this genre is an incredibly ancient one,’ he says. That hasn’t stopped anthropologists, folklorists, and
other academics from devising theories to explain the importance of fairy tales in human society.
Tehrani’s analysis focused on Little Red Riding Hood in its many forms, which include another Western
fairy tale known as The Wolf and the Kids. Checking for variants of these two tales and similar stories from
Africa, East Asia, and other regions, he ended up with 58 stories recorded from oral traditions. First, he tested
some assumptions about which aspects of the story alter least as it evolves, indicating their importance.
Folklorists believe that what happens in a story is more central to the story than the characters in it.
However, Tehrani found no significant difference in the rate of evolution of incidents compared with that of
characters. Neither did his analysis support the theory that the central section of a story is the most conserved
part.
But the really big surprise came when he looked at the cautionary elements of the story. ‘Studies on hunter-
gatherer folk tales suggest that these narratives include really important information about the environment
and the possible dangers that may be faced there – stuff that’s relevant to survival. Yet in his analysis, such
elements were just as flexible as seemingly trivial details. What, then, is important enough to be reproduced
from generation to generation?
The answer, it would appear, is fear – blood-thirsty and gruesome aspects of the story, such as the eating of
the grandmother by the wolf, turned out to be the best-preserved of all. Why are these details retained by
generations of storytellers, when other features are not? Tehrani has an idea: ‘In an oral context, a story won’t
8
survive because of one great teller. It also needs to be interesting when it’s told by someone who’s not
necessarily a great storyteller.’ Maybe being swallowed whole by a wolf, then cut out of its stomach alive is
so gripping that it helps the story remain popular, no matter how badly it’s told. Mathias Clasen at Aarhus
University in Denmark isn’t surprised by Tehrani’s findings. ‘Habits and morals change, but the things that
scare us, and the fact that we seek out entertainment that’s designed to scare us – those are constant,’ he says.
Clasen believes that scary stories teach us what it feels like to be afraid without having to experience real
danger, and so build up resistance to negative emotions.
Question 36. What best serves as the title for the passage?
Question 38. According to the passage, what method did Jamie Tehrani use to test his ideas about fairy
tales?
D. He contrasted the development of fairy tales with that of regions around the world
9
A. important B. confusing C. interesting D. maintained
Question 41. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. All the fairy tales analyzed by Tehrani were originally written rather than spoken
C. Tehrani rejects the idea that the useful lessons for life in fairy tales are the reason for their survival.
D. Various theories about the social significance of fairy tales have been developed without factual basis
Question 42. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
B. It is commonly believed that fairy tales are packed with contradictory messages
C. The changing values of our society are more widely accepted thanks to fairy tales
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction
on each of the following questions.
Question 43: Over the past three years he evolves into one of America's most successful restaurant
owners.
Question 44: Many miners have suffered from the effects of coal dust in his lungs.
10
Question 45: The spokesman had an uphill struggle to find an explanation that was readily intelligent to
the layman.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to
the sentence given in each of the following questions.
Question 46: We require that you comply with the following rules.
Question 47: David last had a picnic beside the river three months ago.
A. David has had a picnic beside the river for three months.
B. David didn’t have a picnic beside the river three months ago.
D. David hasn’t had a picnic beside the river for three months.
Question 48: “Have you worked on this project before?” Bob asked me.
11
Mark the letter A, B, C, on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of
sentences in the following questions.
Question 49: People in quarantine zones and locked down areas are forbidden to go out. There is no
exception whatsoever.
A. On no account are people in quarantine zones and locked down areas allowed to go out.
B. In no way are people in quarantine zones and locked down areas forbidden to go out.
C. Under no circumstances are people in quarantine zones and locked down areas forbidden to go out.
D. At no time were people in quarantine zones and locked down areas allowed to go out.
Question 50: Linda didn’t complete her reading assignments. She was punished by her teacher.
A. Unless Linda completes her reading assignments, her teacher will punish her.
B. Provided that Linda didn’t complete her reading assignments, her teacher wouldn’t punish her.
C. Had Linda completed her reading assignments, her teacher wouldn’t have punished her.
D. If Linda completed her reading assignments, her teacher wouldn’t have punished her.
12