PRESENT PERFECT:

 Past events that are relevant to the present.

I have cleaned my room.

I have gone home.
I have done my homework; so I am free now.

 Finished actions in the past which is not mentioned the time.

I have read an amazing book.

 Unfinished actions that started in the past (often with since or for)
I have used a computer since I was ten.
We have lived in Moscow for three years.

* past participle:

 regular verbs → infinitive + -ed

 irregular verbs → 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs

CONTRACTIONS:
have not = haven´t
has not = hasn´t

for/since:

 for is used to talk about a period of time. It can be used with both the Past simple and
the Present perfect:
forever, for ages, for a year, for a long/short time, for the last few weeks/months, for a
few hours/minutes, for ten minutes, for a while.

 Since is used to talk about the beginning of a period of time. It can be used with the
Present perfect:
Since my birthday 2012, since last summer, since November, since March 1 st, since then.
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:

It is used for:

 actions and events which continued up to the present moment.

Example: I have been studying since this early morning, I’ve got sore eyes.

 actions beginning in the past and still continuing (focus is on the action) – mostly with
since (point of time) or for (period of time)

Example: I have been waiting for you for three hours.

Signal words

 all day

 the whole day

 since

 for

 Questions with how long

Form

have/has + been + verb-ing