Respirasi

Tuliskan reaksi total respirasi dengan substrat:

glukosa

Percobaan:
sebanyak 10 g kecambah dimasukkan ke dalam
botol dan ditutup rapat, ditempatkan dalam ruang
gelap selama 96 jam.
hasil:
-berat kecambah menjadi 9 g, layu
-ada embun di dinding botol
diskusi:
-mengapa berat berkurang
-dari mana embun berasal
 RESPIRATION
Carbohydrates made during photosynthesis are of value to a plant when they are
converted to energy.
This energy is used for cell growth and building new tissues.
The chemical process by which sugars and starches are converted to energy is
called oxidation and is similar to the burning of wood or coal to produce heat
(in water, pH neutral, normal temperature, no smoke).
Controlled oxidation in a living cell is called respiration and is shown by this equation:

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ----> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (686 kcal)

This equation is essentially the opposite of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is a building process, while respiration is a breaking-down process

Kuosien respirasi (RQ) = CO2 / O2

glukosa = 1,0
as. lemak = 0,71 C18H34O2 + 25,5O2  18CO2 + 17H2O
daun = 1,05
biji kecambah = 1,0
 Photosynthesis and Respiration
Photosynthesis Respiration
•produces food •uses food
•stores energy •releases energy
•uses water •produces water
•uses carbon dioxide •produces carbon dioxide
•releases oxygen •uses oxygen
•occurs in sunlight •occurs in the dark as well as light
•chloroplast •mitochondrion

Unlike photosynthesis, respiration does not depend on light,

so it occurs at night as well as during the day.
Respiration occurs in all life forms and in all cells.
mitokondria
 Respiration

degradasi makromolekul

1. Glycolysis - cytoplasm
2. Grooming phase - mitochondrion
3. Krebs (Citric acid cycle) - mitochondrion
4. Electron transport & oxidative phosphorylation
- mitochondrion
Total ATP
1 mol. glukosa
glikolisis : 2 ATP
TCA :-
ETC : 36 ATP
Total : 38 ATP
 lokasi reaksi

amiloplas sitoplasma
 degradasi makromolekul

amilum (pati)
1. -amilase
2. -amilase glukosa
glukosa-P
3. pati fosforilase

glikolisis
Glycolysis is just one of many pathways all going on in a cell

YOU ARE HERE

 Glycolysis
= [glucose and fructose via Calvin cycle (photosynthesis)]

A. Glucose - glucose-6-p - fructose-6-p - fructose

1,6-dp - PGAL (=DHAP) - 1,3-dp-glycerate - 3-p-
glycerate - 2-p-glycerate -
phosphoenolpyruvate - pyruvate
B. Initial step(s) - energy requiring (2 ATP)
C. Subsequent steps
1. Two - substrate-level phosphorylations (4 ATP)
2. One - reduction of NAD to NADH (2 NADH)
D. Yield - 2 ATP & 2 NADH
E. Final product - 2 pyruvates
The Glycolytic Pathway

6C
10 enzymatic steps from glucose to pyruvate

Phosphorylation of glucose and fructose

6-phosphate require input of 2 ATPs
3C
Cleavage of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate
(hexose) yields two trioses, only one of which
is further metabolized in glycolysis but the two
are interconvertible

When bookkeeping, double everything after

aldolase

Two steps yield ATP (x2=4), one step reduces

NAD+ to NADH
Yield - 2 ATP & 2 NADH
Final product - 2 pyruvates
 fungsi glikolisis

1.mengubah 1 heksosa  2 asam piruvat

2.produksi ATP
3.pembentukan molekul yang dapat diambil
dari lintasan untuk membentuk beberapa
bahan penyusun tumbuhan

piruvat dioksidasi dalam mitokondria (c-TCA)

menghasilkan ATP >> daripada dalam
glikolisis
 Alternatives after glycolysis

A. Lactic acid - 2 ATP (no NADH) ... intense

muscle activity (little O2 available)
B. Ethanol - 2 ATP (no NADH) ... fermentation
C. Krebs Cycle - (2 ATP) and oxidative
phosphorylation (32 ATP)
 Coenzyme A

Nature's ester enolate equivalent is Coenzyme A

 Krebs Cycle
-mitochondrial matrix-
A. [pyruvate - acetyl CoA] - citrate - isocitrate - alpha-
ketoglutarate - succinyl CoA - succinate - fumarate -
malate - oxaloacetate - w/acetyl CoA - citrate
B. Initial step(s) - pyruvate converted to acetyl CoA
[CO2 emission and NADH production] - acetyl CoA
combines with oxaloacetate (4 carbon) to form
citrate (6 carbon)
C. All steps from pyruvate to CO2
Cycle (two trips) - 2 GTP (2 ATP), 8 NADH, and 2
FADH2
D. Final product - 6 CO2
 Electron transport system
&
Oxidative phosphorylation
-inner mitochondrial membrane-

A. Convert NADH & FADH2 to ATP

1. NADH (glycolysis) = 2 ATP -> 4 ATP
2. NADH (Krebs) = 3 ATP -> 24 ATP
3. FADH2 (Krebs) = 2 ATP -> 4 ATP
B. How is it done? H+ gradient
1. NADH & FADH2 give up H+ to outer compartment (High
outside)
2. H+ is then pumped back in and ATP is produced
C. Net yield of ATP
1. From oxidative phosphorylation - 32 ATP
2. Substrate level phosphorylation - 4 ATP
3. TOTAL............................ 36 ATP
23
 peranan dalam biosintesis
glikolisis

as amino
alkaloid
Biosintesis beberapa metabolit sekunder
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Faktor yang berpengaruh pada respirasi

1. Ketersediaan substrat
2. Ketersediaan oksigen
3. Temperatur
4. Jenis dan umur tanaman