TERM 2 -NOTES

Chap-5 Minerals and energy resources

Important and new terms:

Minerals: is a natural inorganic substance having particular physical properties.

Metallic minerals: these minerals contains metals eg:- Iron ore and nickel etc.
Non-metallic minerals: mineral do not contain metals eg: limestone, mica, and gypsum.
Ferrous minerals:- minerals which have Iron content eg: manganese and nickel etc.
Non-ferrous minerals: minerals which do not have Iron content eg: copper, lead, and tin etc.
Thermal power: power obtained from fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels: those fuels which have occurred due to decay of organisms under the rocks due to heat and
pressure. eg: coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
Ore. A rock having high content of particular mineral. eg: Iron ore, manganese ore.
Rat Hole Mining. Coal mining in Meghalaya is done by family member in the form of a long tunnel, known
as ‘Rat hole’ mining.

Q1. Distinguish between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.

Ferrous minerals Non-ferrous minerals

1. The mineral having iron content in 1. The mineral ores that do not contain
their ores. Iron.

2. India has abundant reserves of ferrous 2. India is deficient in their production.

minerals.

3. Iron ore, Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel etc. 3. Copper, Tin, Gold, Silver etc.

Q2. Distinguish between Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.

Conventional energy resources Non-conventional energy resources

1. These are in use for long time.
2. Are non-renewable except water.
3. In use extensively.
4. Their use is expensive in long run.
5. Limited in nature.
6. Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and
hydro electricity.
1. These are developed recently.
2. Are renewable except atomic energy.
3. In Use locally.
4. Use is cheap in long run.
5. Plenty in nature.
6. Solar, wind, tidal, Geothermal, Biogas
and Atomic Energy.

Q3. How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?

• Minerals formed in faults cracks and crevices.
• When mineral in liquid and gaseous forms are forced upward towards the earth surface, they cool
and solidify.
• Smaller deposits are called Veins and large deposits are called lodes.

Q4. Why we think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
• India is a tropical country, so it has huge potential for solar power.
• use of solar energy will reduce the dependence on firewood and dung cake.
• it will help in environmental conservation.
Q5. How do we find variation in the availability of mineral deposits in various parts of our country?
• The variation in the availability of mineral deposits in various parts of our country is
• because of differences in the geological structure (sedimentary rocks on the eastern and western
coast and north, igneous, and metamorphic rocks in the peninsular regions).
• processes of formation.
• time involved in the formation.
Q6. How energy resources can be conserved?
• Use more public transport system and less individual vehicles.
• Switch off home appliances whenever not required.
• Use power-saving devices.
• Check the power-consuming equipment regularly.
• By greater use of non-conventional sources of energy

Q7. How minerals can be conserved?

• Use them in a planned manner.
• Wastage in the process of mining and processing must be reduced.
• Minimize export of minerals.
• Use of substitutes to save.
• Encourage recycling wherever necessary.

Q8. What are the various types of coal?

• Anthracite
• Bituminous
• Lignite
• Peat

Q9. What is Biogas and how is it produced?

• Decomposition of organic matter yields gas, which has higher thermal efficiency.
• Biogas is produced from shrubs, farm wastes, animal waste, and human wastes.

Q10. How minerals are important for us?

Minerals are indispensable part of our life. Are used in the following.
• Railway lines and tarmac of the road
• Agricultural implements and machinery eq: cars, crane, and airplanes.
• Minerals are also important for the growth of human body, Iron, calcium etc.
• Source of power like petroleum and Gas.
• Also used in toothpaste and telecom powder too.

MAP WORK

Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources

Power Plants- (Locating and Labelling only)
a. Thermal
• Namrup
• Singrauli
• Ramagundam
b. Nuclear
• Narora
• Kakrapara
• Tarapur

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