a1 02, 03, ‘The Genetie Material Before the discovery of DNA, the proteins were considered as genetic material because (a) proteins seemed to be much more diverse (b) most of the enzymes are proteins (c} proteins are formed from amino acids (@) None of the above Nucleic acids were first isolated by (a) Miescher (b) Altman (c) Kornberg, (a) Mendet First in vitro synthesis of DNA was per formed ty (a) Miende (6) Altman, (b) de Vries (a) Kornberg, How many types of nucleic acids are found in living system? (a) One (0) Two (©) Three (6) Four RNA acts as genetic material in (@) bacteria (0) virus (9 fungi (4) All of these Genes are the segments of ...A present on the ...B.. They are responsible for a particular ...C. Choose the correct option for A, B and c (@) A- RNA, B- DNA, Ctrait (b) A RNA, B- genome, C-trait (9 ADNA, B-chromosome, C-trait (a) A-protein, B- genome, C-traito7. 10. 1. 12. 13. DNA isa (along polymer of deoxyribonucleotides (b)short polymer of deoxyribonucleotides (c)monomer polymer of deoxyribonucleotides (4) long polymer of ribonucleotides The length of DNA usually depends on (a) position of nucleotides (b) number of nucteotides (oj Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above Haploid content of human DNA has (a) 33x10 bp (0) 3.3.x 10" bp. (93.3x10°bp —(d) 3.3.x 10 bp Name the pyrimidine, which is present only inRNA. (a) Adenine (b) Guanine (co) Thymine (d) Uracil Nitrogenous bases are linked to sugar by (a) hydrogen bond (b) phosphodiester bond. (0) Neglycosidic bond (d) covalent bond Nucleoside is formed when the nitrogenous bases are linked to (a) Sugar (b) Phosphate (c) Proteins (d) Fats What is the difference between adenosine and deoxyadenosine? (a) only sugar (b) only purine (o only phosphate —_(d) All of these 14, When a phosphate group is linked to A... goup of nucleoside through B... bond, a corresponding ..C... is formed. Choose the correct option for A, Band C (a) A= 5’ OH, Bephosphodiester bond, C-nucleotide (b) A+3’OH, Bephosphodiester bond, C-nucleotide (A= 2° OH, B-phosphodiester bond, C-nucleotide (d) A-5’OH, B-phosphodiester bond, C-nucleoside 15, A DNA polymer has a free phosphate moiety at ...A... of ribose sugar and B at the other end of the ribose sugar. (a) A~°2 OH; B-5’ OH (b) A- 5 end; B- 30H (9 A-3" end; B- Stend (d) A- S'end; B- 20H 16. Backbone of DNA is formed by (a) Sugar (b) Phosphates (0) Both (a) and (b) (d) Nitrogenous bases (purine and pyrimidine) 17. Which additional group is present at the 2” position of the ribose sugar in RNA? (a) R-H (b) CHO (c) OH (a) COOH 18. Thymine is also called (a) 2 methyl uracil (b)3 methy! uracil (94 methyl uracil (d)5 methyl uracil 19. Nucleic acids are the heredity material. This statements was proposed by (a) Friedrich Miescher (b) Gregor Johann Mendel (dj Hugo de Vries (a) Hertwig21, 24, X-ray data diffraction of DNA was produced by (a) Watson and erick (0) Wilkins and Franklin (6) Betason and Punnett (@ Both (a) and (b) Erwin Chargaff stated that for double~ stranded DNA, the ratio between adenine and thymine and guanine and cytosine is (2) constant and equals to one (b) constant and equals to 1.5 (6) not constant at all (@) not constant for DNA only The two chains of DNA have antiparallel polarity named. (a) 23" and 3'92' (0) 5°53 and 335" (6) both (a) and (b) (@) Two chains of DNA dont have any polarity Adenine forms ...A... bonds with thymine. Cytosine forms ...B... bonds with guanine. Choose the correct option for A and B (a) A- Two hydrogen bonds; B-Three hydrogen bonds (b) AcThree hydrogen bonds; B+ Two hydrogen bonds (c) A-Three covalent bonds; B-Two covalent bonds (a) A+ Two covalent bonds; B-Three covalent bonds Choose a correct option for the right handedeoiled DNA Pitch Base Pair in Distance Each Tum —_ between ‘Two Base Pairs (930nm 8 0.34.nm ()32nm 9 0.34. nm (93.4nm 10 0.34. nm (Q34nm 9 0.34 nm 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31, ‘Who gave the concept of central dogma in molecular biology? (a) Francis Crick (bJames Watson (9 Maurice Wilkins (@)Rosalind Franklin Central dogma states that genetic in formation flows from (2) DNA RNA Fat () DNA RNA Protein (0) RNA DNA Protein () RNA DNA Amino acid Flow of information or central dogma is bidirectional for (a) Bacteria (b) Virus (o) Protista (2) Fungi In a DNA molecule, if cytosine is 18% than, the percentage of adenine would be (a) 18% (bj 32% (c) 36% (4) 64% According to Chargaff’s rule (aaec (b)GeT (QA+ Gatec Att exe Which of the following term was proposed by Benzer? (a) Cistron (b) Recon (6) Relon (4) All of these Cistron is functional unit of gene that (a)specifies the polypeptides (b) specifies the mutations synthesis of (o) specifies the recombination (d) All of the above35. Choose the correct option for A, B, C and D. (a) A- Translation, B-Transcription, © Reverse transcription, D- Replication (b) A- Translation, B-Transcription, C Reverse transcription, De Translation (c) A- Translation, B-Transcription, C- Replication, —D-Reverse transcription (4) A-Transcription, B-Translation, C-Replication, D-Reverse transcription Given flow diagram indicates. QD on ao C5) retro © (2) undirectional flow of information (0) bidirectional flow of information (6) both (a) and (b) (4) sometimes (a) o (b) S-methyl uracil is (a) modified ribose sugar (b) modified deoxyribose sugar (0) modified purine (@) modified. pyrimidine Hydrogen bonds are found between (a) sugar and phosphoric acid (b) sugar and nitrogenous bases ( phosphoric acid and nitrogenous bases (q) two nitrogenous bases 36. 37. Given the diagram showing Watson and Crick model of DNA structure. Identify the parameters of A, B and C (2) 40348, B20A,C-34A (0) 4-034A, B.20A,C-34A (9) 4-344, B20A,C-3.44 (@ 4-344, B20A,C-034A In previous question diagram, identify D, E and F. (a) D- Sugar phosphate backbone, E-Major groove, F-Minor groove (b) D-Sugar backbone, E-Major groove, F-Minor groove (c) D-Phosphate backbone, E-Major groove, F- Minor groove (d) D-Major groove, E-Minor groove, F-Sugar phosphate boneT 38. In the given diagram of chemical structure of DNA, identify the type of bonding shown by A, B and C. {@) A-N-giycosidic bonding, B-Phosphodiester bonding, C-Hydrogen bonding (b) A-N-glycosidic bonding, B-Phosphodiester bonding, C-Covalent bonding (c) A-N-glycosidic bonding, B-Phosphodiester bonding, C-Coordinate bonding (@) A-wN-glycosidic bonding, B-Hydrogen bonding, C-Phosphodiester bonding ee og Att a re ‘is low in A... and high in ..B. (a) Asprimitive organisms; Beacvance organisms (b) A-advance organisms; B-primitive organisms (c) A+ advance organisms; B-mixed organisms (4) None of the above 40. Base pair perturn found in A, B, C, D and Z forms of DNA are A BC D2 (a) 11 10 933 8 12 ) 9 8 1 Un 2 (9 2 1 wo 9 8B @ 8 9 wo 12 41. 42. 43, 44, In A, B, C, D and Z form of DNA, which one is handed? (a) Aform DNA (b) Bform DNA (9) Z form DNA (4) D form DNA In living system, which one is the largest macromolecule and largest biomolecules? (a) DNA and RNA (b) RNA and DNA (0) Only DNA (a) Only RNA If one chain of DNA has the sequence (-) AAGCTCAG than, the other chain will have complementary sequence of (a) TIGCAGTC ——_(b) TTATAGTC (9) ATATAGTC ——(d) TICGAGTC Base pairs A- T and C - Gin a DNA chain are (a) rarely equal (o) always equal (b) almost equal (4) never equal45, 47. 51, The distance between the two con secutive base pairs of DNA is (9) 34 nm (b) 0.34 nm (9 0.34x 10?m (a) both(b) and(q) Human chromosomes contain ()1.6x10bp —(b) 1.8.x 10° bp (91.9x10'bp (a) 7.0.x 10° bp ‘The length of DNA in a human cell is about (a) 2.3m (b) 24m (22m (420m Find out the number of base pairs in Booli DNA if its DNA is 1.36 mm long (a) 4x 10° bp (b) 3x 10%bp (0) 2x 10 bp (@) 7x10" bp In prokaryotes (such as E.coli) ...A... nucleus is not present the DNA is not scattered throughout the cell. DNA is ...B... charged and holded by the C... charged proteins. This structure in prokaryotes is called D. (a)A-undefined, _Benegatively, C-positively, D-nucleoid (b)A- undefined, Benegatively, C-positively, D-nucteus (c)A-defined, ‘Benegatively, C-positively, D-nucleoid (d)A-defined, B-positively, Conegatively, Denucleoid Positively charged basic proteins that are found in eukaryotes are called (a) histones (b) protamine (0) arginine (@) Lysine Arginine and lysine are ...A... proteins and found abundantly in ...B.... Choose the correct option for A and B. (2) A-acidic; B-protamine (b) A-basic; B-histone proteins (6) Aracidic; Behistone proteins (@) A-neutral; B-histone proteins 52, 53. 54. 55. 56. Arginine and lysine carries ...A... charge in their side chains. Histones are organised to form a unit of eight molecules callled ...B... The negatively charged DNA is wrapped around the positively charged histone octamer to form a structure called ...C... Here A, B and C refers to (a)A=positive, C-histone octamer B-nucleosome, (b)A-negative, Benucleosome, Cchistone octamer (cJA-natural, Benucleosome, Cshistone octamer (d) Aneutral, Beoctamer, C-histone tetramer Nucleosomes constitutes the repeating unit of a structure is a nucleus called (a) chromosome (b) genes (chromatin (d) chromatosome ‘The packaging of chromatin at higher level requires an additional set of proteins that are collectively referred toas (a) histone proteins (b) non-histone proteins (c) basic proteins (d) acidic packaging proteins Lightly stained part of chromatin which remains loosely packed is (a) euchromatin (b) heterochromatin (| chromatosome (d) chromonemata Part of chromatin which is densly packed and stain darkly is called (a) euchromatin — (b) chromatosome (o heterochromatin (d) chromosome66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71, 72. A nucleosome and a linker together referred to as [a) Chromosomes _(b} genes fo) nucleus {d) chromatosome Who introduced the transforming principle? [a) Frederick Griffith (b) Oswald Avery (c) Colin Mac Leod {d) Maclyn McCarty Experiment organism of Frederick and Griffith was {@ Various virus (b) Tuberculosis bacteria (6) Actinomycetes [d) Streptococcus pneumoniae In Griffith's experiment, mice infected with the ..A... die from pneumonia infection but mice infected with ...B... dont develop pneumonia, Choose the correct option for A and B. la AS strain; BS strain (b) A-S strain; BR Strain [0 A-R strain; BS strain [d) AR strain; B-R strain Who gave an unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material? (a) Griffith (b) Avery, MacLeod and McCarty (6 Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase [d) Mendel and Watson Bacteriophage is the virus that infects (a) Bacteria (b) Virus (9 Human (4) Fungi Bacteriophage nucleic acids were labelled as {in Hershey and Chase experiment) {a ®P labelled phosphate (b) 3H labelled H,0 {oS labelled sulphate {d) ¥C labelled CO, 73. 74, 15. 76. 77. Bacteriophage protein coat was labelled by growing E.coli on (a) 8S labelled sulphate (b) 5 labelled sulphate ( ®S labelled sulphate (d) ™P labelled sulphate What was unique in Griffith's experiment? (a) DNA was found to be the genetic material (b) RNA was found to be the genetic material (c) Something from dead organisms could change the living cells (4) Viruses can be live in bacteria Hershey and Chase used #S and =P to prove that DNA is the genetic material. Their experiments proved that DNA is genetic material because (a) progeny viruses retained ™P but not 35S, (b) retention of *P in progeny viruses indicated that DNA was passed on (c) loss of 35S in progeny viruses indicated that proteins were not passed on (d) All of the above Debate between proteins versus DNA as genetic material was finally resolved by (a) Griffith experiment (b) Mendel’s crossing experiment (c) Avery, MacLeod and McCarty experiment (d) Hershey and Chase experiment RNA is the genetic material in (a) All viruses (b) Tobacco Mosaic Viruses (TMV) (dQ B bacteriophage (4) Both (b) and (c)78, 79, 80. 81. Stability as one of the properties of genetic material was very evident in Griffith ...A... itself that heat which Killed the bacteria did not destroy the DNA. This is now can easily be explained in light of the DNA that the two strand being ...B... if separated byheating come together, when appropriate condition are provided, ‘Choose the correct option for A and B (a) Actransformation; B-complementary (b) A-transformation; B-supplementary (6) Atransduction; B-supplementary (@) A-transduction; B-complementary Which group present in RNA nucleotide is very reactive and makes RNA liable and easily degradable than DNA? (a 2-OH" group on the purine base (b) 2-O8" group on ribose sugar (0) 3-OH group on ribose sugar (@) 4-087 group on ribose sugar RNA can work as a catalytic agent. The RNA which performes as catalytic agent is called (9 RNA Enzymes _(b)Ribozyme (6) Both (a) and (b) (@ RNA can't work as catalytic agent Stability of DNA is impacted by (9 deoxyribose sugar (b) presence of thymine in place of uracil (6) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above 82. 83. 84, 8s. 86. 87. Viruses having RNA genome and having shorter life span mutate and evolve faster because (a) RNA is unstable and mutate at faster rate (b) RNA is stable and mutate at faster rate (o) RNA is stable and mutate at slower rate (@RNA is unstable and mutate at slower rate RRNA express itself through (a) Proteins —_(b) Lipids (o) Fats (d) Carbohydrates DNA is dependent on ...A... for synthesis of proteins. DNA and RNA both can function as genetic material But ...B... being more stable, preferred for the storage of genetic information. For the transmission of genetic information, ...C... is better. ‘Choose the correct option for A, B and G, (a) A-DNA, B-RNA, C-RNA (b) A-RNA, B-DNA, C-RNA (0) A-RNA, B-RNA, C-DNA (@) A-DNA, B-RNA, C-DNA Hershey and Chase concluded that viral infecting agent in their experiment was (a) Protein (b) DNA (9 RNA (d) Both (b) and (¢) Isotopes used by Hershey and Chase (a) #P and #5 (9 *P and "Ss Adenosine is a (2) nitrogenous base (0) nucleotide (6) ribonucteoside (4) ribonucleotide (b) *P and =5 (¢) *P and 3S88, 89, 90. 91. 92, 94, DNA RNA Protein. This is the central dogma. After the discovery of retroviruses, the central dogma has been changed to (@) DNAS RNA- Prosein (0) RNA DNA Protein () Protein DNA-» DNA (@) DNA=Protein > RNA Which of the following molecule is most susceptible for UV radiation? (a) RNA (b) DNA () Both (a) and (b) (d) Protein S and R strains have several subtypes which one were used by Griffith (Sand RU (b) St and RU (QSiVand Ril (d) SV and RU ‘The first genetic material was (a) RNA (b) DNA (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these Processes like metabolism, splicing and translation are evolved around (a) DNA (b) RNA (0) Protein (4) Nucleus Ribozymes are (a) RNA acting as enzymes (b) DNA acting as enzymes (0) DNA acting as molecular scissors (d) RNA acting as molecular scissors RNA being a catalyst was reactive and hence ...A... Therefore, DNA has evolved from RNA with ...B. modification that makes it more ...C. Choose the correct option for A, Band c. (a A-stable, B-physical C-stable (b) A-stable, B-chemical, C-stable (co) Asunstable, B-chemical, C-stable (d)A-unstable, B-chemical, stable C-un 95. DNA being double stranded and having ...A... strand, ...B... changes by evolving repair. Choose the correct option for A and B. (a) A-supplementary; B-resists (b) A-complementary; B-resists (c} A-complementary; B-accept (a) A-supplementary; Beaccept DNA replication is semiconservative. It was shown first in (2) Fungi (b) Bacteria (0) Vieia faba (@) Algae Who experimentally proved the semiconservative mode of DNA replication? (a) Mathew Meselson (b) Franklin stahl (6) Both (a) and (b) (a) Watson and Crick Name the heavy isotope used by Meselson and Stahl for proving the semiconservative mode of DNA () "NH, CL () “NH, Cl, (c) “°NH,Cl, (q@) All of these Given diagram depicts the experiment of Meselson and Stahl. After 40 minutes, find out the kind of isotopic NAA, B, © and Dh ‘ion ha (a) A-“N-DNA, B-5N-DNA, C-4N-DNA, D-SN-DNA (b) A-*N-DNA, B-"N-DNNA, C-“N-DNA, D-“N-DNA (9 A“4N-DNA, B-*N-DNA, C-N-DNA, D-SN-DNA (4) A“*N-DNA, B-"N-DNNA, C-N-DNA, D-SN-DNA100. Similar experiments like Meselson and Stahl was performed by Taylor. ‘The experimental organism of Taylor was (a) Vieia faba (b) Fung (c) E.Coli (qd) Protista 101. Radioisotope used by Taylor in his experiment was (a) tron (b) Titanium (oH (a) Copper 102. In Meselson and Stahl experiment, 35N is ...A... isotope. It can be sepa rated from #N by ...B.. (a)A-radioactive; B-electrostatic separator (b)A-Unradioactive; B-density gradient (co) A-radioactive; B-density gradient (d)A-unradioactive; B-electrostatic separator 103. The main enzymes which use a DNA template to catalyse the polymerisation of deoxynucleotides is (a) DNA ligase — (b) DNA polymerase (c] DNA helicase (d) DNA gyrase 104. E.Coli replicate its entire genome in (a) 19 minutes —_(b) 42 minutes (c) 50 minutes —(d) 60 minutes 105. DNA polymerisation rate of DNA polymerase is (a 1000 bp/s (b) 2000 bp/s (0) 3000 bp/s (4) 5000 bp/s 106, Any mistake during replication would result into (@) duplication (b) inversion (¢) mutation (d) polyploidy 107. DNA polymerase is the another name of (a) DNA dependent DNA polymerase (b) DNA dependent RNA polymerase (c] RNA dependent RNA polymerase (d) RNA dependent DNA polymerase 108. For long DNA molecules, the two strands of DNA cannot be separated inits entire length due to the requirement of (a) Enzymes (co) RNA (d) Phosphate and nucleotide 109. The replication occur within the small opening of DNA helix referred to as (a) Replication fork (b)Duplication fork (c) DNA fork (d) RNA fork: 110. DNA dependent DNA polymerases catalyses polymerisation in which (b) High energy direction? (a) 3°- 5 [b) 5'-2" (qs-3 (2-5 111. On which strand of DNA, replication is continuous? (a) 5’ - 3° polarity strand (b) 3’ - 5? polarity strand (co) 3 - 2 polarity strand (d) 3° 4 polarity strand 112. On which strand of DNA, replication is discontinuous? (a) 5° - 3° polarity strand (b) 3’ - 5? polarity strand (c) On both strand of DNA (d) discontinuous replication doesn’t takes place in replication 113. Continuous and discontinuous strands are called (a) leading strand and lagging strand (b) lagging strand and leading strand (c) trailing strand and jeading strand (d) leading strand and lacking strand 114. Identify A, B and C strandsus. 116, 17. 118, (a)A- Continuous B-Discontinuous C-Template strand (b) A-Leading strand, B-Lagging strand, C-Paretal strand (c) A-S’ = 3° strand B+3’ + 5° strand ‘C-Parental strand (d) All of the above Definate region in DNA where replication starts is called (a) Origin of mutation (b) Origin of nucleotide (o Origin of replication (d)Starting of DNA replication can takes place any where In eukaryotes the replicatiojn of DNA takes place at ...A.. phase of cell-cycle. The replication of DNA and cell division should be highly ..B... Any failure in the cell division after DNA replication result in ...C... Choose the appropriate options for A, Band (a) A+S, B-coorinated, C-polyploidy (b) A-G,, B-coorinated, C-mutation (¢ A-G,, B-coordianted, C-inversion (d) A-M, B-coordinated, C-ancuploidy Which ane of the following species do not follows the central dogma of molecular biology? (a) Pea (b) Mucor (| Chlamydomonas (d) HIV Heavy DNA can be differentiated from normal DNA by which centrifugation technique? (a) AgCl density gradient (b) CaSO, density gradient (co) CSCI density gradient (d) KCI density gradient strand, strand, 119. 120. 121. 129. 123. 124. In Meselson and Stahl’s experiment, DNA extracted from the culture one generation after the transfer from "=N to “N medium had a hybrid (or intermediate density). Why? {a) Because the generation time of E.coli (culture) was about 20 minutes (b) Because it would take 20 minutes for RNA replication [) Because it would take 20 minutes for replication of DNA to RNA (transcription) [d) Because it would take 20 minutes for translation RNA to protein Telomerase works at the {a) end of prokaryotic chromosome (b) end of eukaryotic chromosome (6) middle of eukaryotic chromosome [d)start_ point of prokaryotic chromosome In given options identify the correct equation of DNA replication [a) (DNAyi+ DNTP ¢+(DNA)n+1PPi (b) (DNA) +14 DNTP <> (DNA)n+ PPE [9] (DNA)n+24 DNTP © (DNA}n+1PPi (A)(DN Ayr+1 + DNTP <>(DNA)n+24PPi ‘The complementary strands of DNA double helix are separated by [a) Primase (b) Gyrase (6) Polymerase (4) Single strand binding protein Which protein stabilises the separated complementary strands? {a) Ligase (b) SSBPs i) DNA Polymerase {d) RNA polymerase ‘Unwinding of double-stranded DNA forms a Y-shaped configuration called (a) twanscription fork (b) replication fork {o translation fork (d) DNA-RNA fork:125. 126. 127. 128, 129. 130. Free (OH of RNA primer provide the initiation point fot DNA polymerases sequential addition of deoxyribonucleotide. Identify ‘A’ ae (ms (x (az ‘The replication of the lagging strand generates a small polynucleotide fragment called (a) RNA fragment (b) Okazaki fragment (0) DNA fragment (4) Hybrid (DNA-RNA) fragments Okazaki fragments are joined for together by an enzyme called polynucleotide (a) Ligase (b) Helicase () Replicase (4) Primase ‘Transcription involves the formation of (a) DNA from DNA (0) RNA from RNA (@) Protein from RNA In transcription (a) One segment of DNA is copied to RNA (b) Whole DNA is copied to RNA (c) One whole strand is copied to RNA. (d) A segment of DNA from one strand and another whole strand is copied to RNA Why both the strands of DNA are not copied during transcription? (a)Because RNA molecule with different sequences will be formed (b) Because RNA molecule with same sequences will be formed (Because RNA molecule with identical sequences be formed (d) Because different (b) RNA from DNA DNA molecule with sequences will be formed, 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. If both the strands copied during transcription, than what will happen? (a)the segment of DNA would be coding for two different proteins (otwo RNA will be produced simultaneously complementary to each other (c)formation of double helical RNA (@) All of the above What will happen if the double stranded RNA is produced during transcription? (a)This would prevent RNA from being translated ‘into protein (b) This would not prevent RNA from being translated into protein (c) There will be the continuous synthesis of RNA (a) Double-stranded RNA will have lower stability. It will be degraded very fastly RNA polymerases are also called (a) DNA dependent DNA polymerase (b) DNA dependent RNA polymerase (0) RNA dependent RNA polymerase (q) RNA dependent DNA polymerase DNA dependent RNA polymerase catalyses the polymerisation in (a) 5’- 3° direction (b) 3°-S'direction (0) 3°= 2’ direction (d) 2’-3'direction Which strand of DNA works as template strand? (a) 5 - 3’ polarity strand (b) 3° -5" polarity strand (6) Both (a) and (b) (@) None of these