En espafiol The heart weighs between 7 and 15 ounces (200 to 425 grams) and is a little larger than the size of your fist. By the end of a long life, a person’s heart may have beat (expanded and contracted) more than 3.5 billion times. In fact, each day, the average heart beats 100,000 times, pumping about 2,000 gallons (7,571 liters) of blood. Your heart is located between your lungs in the middle of your chest, behind and slightly to the left of vour breastbone (sternum). AYour heart is located between your lungs in the middle of your chest, behind and slightly to the left of your breastbone (sternum). A double-layered membrane called the pericardium surrounds your heart like a sac. The outer layer of the pericardium surrounds the roots of your heart’s major blood vessels and is attached by ligaments to your spinal column, diaphragm, and other parts of your body. The inner layer of the pericardium is attached to the heart muscle. A coating of fluid separates the two layers of membrane, letting the heart move as it beats. Your heart has 4 chambers. ‘The upper chambers are called the left and right atria, and the lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles. A wall of muscle called the septum separates the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber in your heart. The left ventricle’s chamber walls are only about a half-inch thick, but they have enough force to push blood through the aortic valve and into your body.Your heart has 4 chambers. The upper chambers are called the left and right atria, and the lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles. A wall of muscle called the septum separates the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber in your heart. The left ventricle’s chamber walls are only about a half-inch thick, but they have enough force to push blood through the aortic valve and into your body. The Heart Valves Four valves regulate blood flow through your heart: * The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle. * The pulmonary valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to your lungs to pick up oxygen. The mitral valve lets oxygen-rich blood from your lungs pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle.* The aortic valve opens the way for oxygen- rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta, your body’s largest artery. The Conduction System Electrical impulses from your heart muscle (the myocardium) cause your heart to contract. This electrical signal begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node, located at the top of the right atrium. The SA node is sometimes called the heart’s “natural pacemaker.” An electrical impulse from this natural pacemaker travels through the muscle fibers of the atria and ventricles, causing them to contract. Although the SA node sends electrical impulses at a certain rate, your heart rate may still change depending on physical demands, stress, or hormonal factors. The Circulatory System The heart and circulatory system make up your cardiovascular system. Your heart works as a pump that pushes blood to the organs, tissues, and cells of your body. Blood delivers oxveen and nutrients to every cell andxX @ Heart Information... Qo e texasheart.org depending on physical demands, stress, or hormonal factors. The Circulatory System The heart and circulatory system make up your cardiovascular system. Your heart works as a pump that pushes blood to the organs, tissues, and cells of your body. Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to every cell and removes the carbon dioxide and waste products made by those cells. Blood is carried from your heart to the rest of your body through a complex network of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Blood is returned to your heart through venules and veins. If all the vessels of this network in your body were laid end-to-end, they would extend for about 60,000 miles (more than 96,500 kilometers), which is far enough to circle the earth more than twice! G People also view x Human Heart (Anatomy): Diagram, Function,HEART : The inside and outside of your heart contain components that direct blood flow: Inside of the Heart 8 Ad Take charge of your health. Get the ce | latest news from Health EssentialsHEART Heart walls Your heart walls are the muscles that contract (squeeze) and relax to send blood throughout your body. A "oO of muscular tissue called the sepa divides your heart walls into the left and right sides. Your heart walls have three layers: ¢ Endocardium: Inner layer. e Myocardium: Muscular middle layer. ¢ Epicardium: Protective outer layer. The epicardium is one layer of your pericardium. The pericardium is a protective sac that covers your entire heart. It produces fluid to lubricate vour heart and keep it from rubbina Ad Take charge of your health. Get the ce latest news from Health Essentials :x @ Vasculature of th... QO < : teachmeanatomy.info Naming Coronary Arteries There are two main coronary arteries which branch to supply the entire heart. They are named the left and right coronary arteries, and arise from the left and right aortic sinuses within the aorta. The aortic sinuses are small openings found within the aorta behind the left and right flaps of the aortic valve. When the heart is relaxed, the back-flow of blood fills these valve pockets, therefore allowing blood to enter the coronary arteries. The left coronary artery (LCA) initially branches to yield the left anterior descending (LAD), also called the anterior interventricular artery. The LCA also gives off the left marginal artery (LMA) and the left circumflex artery (Cx). In ~20-25% of individuals, the left circumflex artery contributes to the posterior interventricular artery (Plv). The right coronary artery (RCA) branches to form the right marginal artery (RMA) anteriorly. In 80- 85% of individuals, it also branches into the posterior interventricular artery (Plv) posteriorly. © By TeachMeSeries Ltd (2022) Right coronary arteryThe left coronary artery (LCA) initially branches to yield the left anterior descending (LAD), also called the anterior interventricular artery. The LCA also gives off the left marginal artery (LMA) and the left circumflex artery (Cx). In ~20-25% of individuals, the left circumflex artery contributes to the posterior interventricular artery (Plv). The right coronary artery (RCA) branches to form the right marginal artery (RMA) anteriorly. In 80- 85% of individuals, it also branches into the posterior interventricular artery (Plv) posteriorly, @ By TeachMeSeries Ltd (2 Right coronary artery Left marginal é artery Left anterior descending artery Right marginal artery © teachmeanatomy Buu Aueeacur ets achat | By TeachMeSeries Ltd (2022) AortaxX @ Vasculature of th... QO < : teachmeanatomy,.info Cardiac Veins The venous drainage of the heart is mostly through the coronary sinus - a large venous structure located on the posterior aspect of the heart. The cardiac veins drain into the coronary sinus, which in turn, empties into the right atrium. There are also smaller cardiac veins which pass directly into the right atrium. The main tributaries of the coronary sinus are: e Great cardiac vein (anterior interventricular vein) - the largest tributary of the coronary sinus. It originates at the apex of the heart and ascends in the anterior interventricular groove. It then curves to the left and continues onto the posterior surface of the heart. Here, it gradually enlarges to form the coronary sinus. Small cardiac vein - located on the anterior surface of the heart, in a groove between the right atrium and right ventricle. It travels within this groove onto the posterior surface of the heart, where it empties into the coronary sinus. Middle cardiac vein (posterior interventricular vein) - begins at the apex of the heart and ascends in the posterior interventricular groove to empty into the coronary sinus. Posterior cardiac vein — located on the posterior surface of the left ventricle. It lies to the left of thee Small cardiac vein - located on the anterior surface of the heart, in a groove between the right atrium and right ventricle. It travels within this groove onto the posterior surface of the heart, where it empties into the coronary sinus. e Middle cardiac vein (posterior interventricular vein) - begins at the apex of the heart and ascends in the posterior interventricular groove to empty into the coronary sinus. e Posterior cardiac vein - located on the posterior surface of the left ventricle. It lies to the left of the middle cardiac vein and empties into the coronary sinus, teachmoanatomy A Recut auteur urea flit EU eeu rr ence) [Foronary] sinusGreat cardiac vein hmeanatomy Fig 3 - Anterior view of the venous drainage of the heart. Supplied by the great and small cardiac veins cardiac vein © tachmeanatomy Bee Cua euler ul Ruth cult ek lat s() Distribution of the Coronary Arteries In general, the area of the heart which an artery passes over will be the area that it perfuses. The following describes the anatomical course of theRight coronary Right marginal Posterior interventricular Left coronary Cas Teed) supplied Right atrium SA and AV nodes Posterior part of interventricular septum (IVS) Right ventricle Apex Right ventricle Left ventricle Posterior 1/3 of IVS Left atrium Left ventricle IVS AV bundles Right ventricle De oe oo ek Ta) draining ctl tela} Small cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Left posterior ventricular vein Great cardiac vein GreatxX @ Vasculature of th... Oo wa teachmeanatomy.info interventricular Posterior 1/3 venseular of IVS vel Left atrium Left ventricle Great Left coronary cardiac IVS : vein AV bundles Right ventricle ‘ Great Lett anterior Left ventricle descendin ee g Anterior 2/3 vein IVS Left marginal vein Left marginal Left ventricle Great cardiac vein : Great : Left atrium : Circumflex cardiac Left ventricle . vein