Content Page

1. Construction and Evaluation technique ------------------------------------------------------ 1

2. Construction of written examination and test--------------------------------------------------1
3. Criteria for setting good examination ----------------------------------------------------------2
4. Designing and constructing tests ---------------------------------------------------------------2
5. Techniques of Evaluating Assignments -------------------------------------------------------3
6. Evaluation of functional skills-------------------------------------------------------------------3
7. Evaluation in talent search -----------------------------------------------------------------------4
8. Teaching of grade 11 biology subject ----------------------------------------------------------5
Unit 1 Science of biology ------------------------------------------------------------------------5
Tools of Biology -------------------------------------------------------------------------6
Unit2. Biochemical molecules ------------------------------------------------------------------8
2.1 Organic & in organic molecules ------------------------------------------------------8
Unit3. Enzymes -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
Unit 4. Cell biology -----------------------------------------------------------------------------10
 GROUP 2

4.3 CONSTRUCTION OF EVOLUTION TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING

BIOLOGY

Evaluation:-Deals with of the contributing of measurement how far the learner proceeded with

the learning objectives. It may be quiz, tests and all other assessment process.

Teaching, learning and evaluation is the three corners,

 Evaluation is needed to test if there is behavioral change which is observable and

measurable. It is commutative record of learners, achievements earned through
learning activity.

4.3.1 Construction of Written Examination and test.

Written examination and tests are assessment used in similar objectives in different approaches
and contents in the form of questioning to determine performance.

There various but two major forms are there

- Objective form and :- criterion- referenced assessment

- Subjects forms of assessment- Norm- referenced assessment.

Objective assessment:-a form of questioning with a single correct answer. Yes, No, T?F etc.

match, short answer, choices

Subjective assessment:- a form of questioning which may have more than one correct answer

extended response and essays etc define example

Disadvantage of objective assessment :-emphasizes only recognition skill inability to

measure students organization and synthesis of material

Disadvantage of Subjective assessment: - Difficult for teachers to read and correct all in terms

and return paper to students.

 4.3.2 Criteria for setting good examination

Consider the following points in advance.

1. Examination frame work

2. Learning out comes
3. Assessment standards
4. Gender issue and resource
5. Determination of mark for each question
6. Brain storming students by asking related questions

4.3.3 Designing and constructing tests

Tests could be designed and constructed through either formal or informal evaluation.

Formal Evolution: - Written documents such as test quizzes or paper.

Given for numerical score/grade based

Internal Evaluation: - include observation check list rating scales, practice, and performance

participation portfolio

The quality of evaluation is measured by high level of reliability and validity with variable
approach.

Reliability:- related to the consistency of evaluation that predictable dependable constantly

achieves the same result with same cohort of students. It affected by ambiguous

question too many option with question paper.

Validity:- is the one which measure what is intended to estimate asking individual random

question to tell the time without looking at clock or watch is sometimes used as

evaluation which valid but not reliable

What is the different between validity and Reliability?

A biology test written for high reliability will be entirely multiple choice, which is not as such
good at measuring knowledge of biology

The written exams and tests must be

1. Fair, balanced and appropriate evaluation of subject

2. Contain, materials that is technically correct
3. Contain the correct number of questions, with the correct number of marks
4. Supplied with a complete set of marking criteria

Written exam and test should be the composition that enhance the three levels of questions that
could measure all types of ability:-

50% - straight forward material, and answer able by students

25%- For first class students

25% for very weak students

4.3.4 Techniques of Evaluating Assignments

A well-done evaluation of assignment has three attributes

1. Clarity:- Clearly writing the marks on the paper

2. Consistency - Means reliability of evaluation which based on the logic and a very one
graded fairly
3. Sense of hierarchy_ evaluation emphasizes the most important weaknesses and strengths.
4.3.5 Evaluation of Functional Skills

Deals with the measurement of capacity of students to demonstrate and present the ongoing
activity of lab work experiment, research etc in biology

Evaluation of functional skill includes:-

- Understanding of concepts, principles, generalization and facts of biology

- Problem solving skills such as defining problems etc.
- Scientific attitudes interest and appreciation such as open mindness and humanity.
Rich variety of tests such as recall tests, recognition test multiple choice test and etc are used to
evaluate the functional skills of understanding biology lesson.

Test Construction:-

1. Recall test- asking questions to bring back information to mind what learners exposed
2. Recognition test statement seeking true/false answers (judgment)
3. Multiple choice item tests – with only one correct answer
4. Matching test

4.3.6 Evaluation in talent Search

Type of evaluation to search talented student in the class a talent is the ability that is wanted for
science and technology development in order to solve life related problems.
 TEACHING OF GRADE 11 BIOLOGY STUDENT

UNIT 1. THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY

1.1 The Methods of Science

Objectives

By the end of this section the trainers should be able to –

 Define Science as a way of knowledge and explain as it is a way of looking at and

thinking about natural events
 Describe and explain the main steps in investigation
 Demonstrate scientific methods by narrating how Louis Pasteur and Alexandra Fleming
used in solving problems.

The Science of Biology

What is Science? Discussing groups

Science: - the word comes from the Latin word sciatica which means knowledge is a unique
system of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method sometimes called experimental
science

Biology: - is a science of life and living organisms a scientists who engage themselves in
investigation of new things concerning biology are said to be biologist:-

Astrobiology:-engage in finding evidence of life on other planets in our solar

System

Microbiologists:-Study how micro organisms of all kinds function. Ecologists,

Entomologist, Geneticist and etc are some other biologists.

What is scientific method?

Isapproaches by which biologist and all other scientists approach their work. Steps of scientific
methods are:-

Ask question – Do back ground research – hypothesize – Experiment

Collecting data – Draw conclusion – Report result

1.2 Tools of biologists

By the end of this section learners should be able to:-

 Name and describe the functions of the main apparatus that are used by biologists
 Describe how this apparatus work
 Classify the tools as laboratory tools, field or both
 Be aware of safety of using apparatus

Tools that used in laboratory one:-

 Microscope
 Defecting equipment
 Petridishespipethes syringes, centrifuges
 Measuring a and balance etc

Tools that used in the field are

 Quadrat, nets,pitfall traps, transect line etc

BIOLOGY AND HIV AIDS

By having the concept of biology we can deal with variety of sexually transmitted disease and
also genetically transtered. One of sexually transmitted disease is HIV AIDS. It can be
transmitted in D/t ways thus: - Homosexually /hetro sexual intercourse with infected person

 Transfusion of infected blood

 Sharing infected needles
 From mother to child during pregnancy

The way of protection ourselves from (STD)

 Not to have in protected sex

 Not to share infected needles
 Not to share infected blood etc
 UNIT: - 2 BIOCHEMICAL MOLECULES

2.1 INORGANIC AND ORGANIC MOLECULES

Objectives

By the end of this section the learners will be able to

 Group biological molecule as organic and inorganic

 Explain which chemical elements and found in most biology biochemical molecules
 Describe the properties of water

List some organic and inorganic molecules by your own

Inorganic molecules Organic molecules

Calcium carbonate ca co3 Glucose (C6 H12O6)
Carbon dioxide (C02) Glycine( amino acid ) (C2H5 No2
Water (H2O) Linoleicacid (tahycid)
Iron tri(III) Oxide Fe304 Methane (CH4)

Table 2.1 Example of organic & inorganic molecules

 UNIT 3:- ENZYMES

UNDER THIS UNIT THE LEARNERS GOING TO DEAL WITH

The nature of enzymes, functions or enzymes and factors that affect function of enzyme

Make a group and discuss and explain examples of enzymes, the reactions they catalyze for 10
min

Name of enzyme Reaction catalyzed

Lipase Hydrolysis of Lipids
ATPase Hydrolysis of ATP
Succinate he hydrogenase Removal of hydrogen ion from Succinate during
respiration
DNA polymerase Joining of nucleotides to from DNS
Pepsin Digestion of proteins in the stomach of animals

Table 3.1 Example of enzymes the reaction they catalyze

 Discuss and reflect the way of naming different enzymes

 Memorize the classification of enzymes

Factors that affects enzyme activity

 Temperature
 PH (power of hydrogen)
 Substrate concentration
 Enzyme concentration
 Inhibitors are some factors that affect the activities of enzymes
 UNIT 4:- CELL BIOLOGY

After completion of this unit the learners should be able to

 Define cell theory, types of cell

 Part of the cell
 Function of the cell
 Explain the different types of organelles within the cell of plant and also animals

Reference

 Module of subject area method II

 Google
 Text book of Grade 11 Biology subject