Experiment: #1

Topic: States of Matter

Title: Diffusion in gases
Skill: A/I
Aim: To demonstrate the rate of diffusion of two gases.
Date: November 4, 2020

Apparatus/ Material: Glass tubes, cotton wool, aqueous ammonia, concentrated hydrochloric acid,
rubber stopper, ruler, stopwatch
Method:
A piece of cotton wool was placed in concentrated hydrochloric acid and was
placed in one end of a glass tube. Another piece of cotton wool was placed in
aqueous ammonia and was placed in the other end of the glass tube. Both ends of
the glass rod where Seal with rubber stoppers. The Glass tube was Observed keenly
and the time at which a white ring became visible in the glass tube was noted. The
distance from the cotton ball to the white ring was Measured and recorded.

Observation:
In the video a piece of cotton ball/wool was placed in concentrated hydrochloric
and another piece of cotton wool was placed in a solution. Both cotton pieces
were placed in a glass tube and rubber stoppers were placed at the end to prevent
the gases from leaking out. The glass tube started to get foggy formed closer to
one end of the tube.
Discussion:

1. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction, including state symbols.
Ammoia+Hydrogen Chloride Ammonium Chloride
NH3(g)+HCl(g) > NH4Cl(s)
2. Based on observations made, what process took place.
The Ammonia and Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid caused a
Diffusion in gases which formed ammonium chloride which is a solid white salt.

3. Indicate which gas diffused faster. Give a reason for your answer.
The ammonia gas, having a lower molecular weight than the hydrogen chloride, diffused
faster and travelled a greater length of the tube.
Conclusion:

The ammonia gas, having a lower molecular weight than the hydrogen chloride,
diffused faster than the hydrogen chloride and travelled a greater length of the
tube. The Ammonia and Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid caused a Diffusion in
gases. The chemical equation for the reaction Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid:
Ammoia+Hydrogen Chloride Ammonium Chloride
NH3(g)+HCl(g) > NH4Cl(s)
The Glass tube was Observed keenly and the time at which a white ring became
visible in the glass tube was noted. The distance from the cotton ball to the white
ring was Measured and recorded. The contact of these gases caused a Diffusion in
the gases, to form ammonium chloride which is a solid white salt.
 Criteria for Assessment and Mark Scheme
Skills Assessed: A/I
Equation for the reaction 2 marks
Correct formula 1 mark
State Symbols 1 mark
Question 2 1 mark
Question 3 2 marks
[Total 5 marks]