FULLY WORKED SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER

2 SEQUENCES AND SERIES

Focus on STPM 2
1 u13 = 3, S13 = 234 (a) 12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + … + (2n – 1)2
13 (a u ) 234 – (2n)2
a + 12d = 3 + 13 =
2 + (2n + 1)2
a = 3 – 12d ... 1 13 (a + 3) = 234 ... 2 = –n(2n + 1) + (2n + 1)2
2 = (2n + 1)(–n + 2n + 1)
From 2 , a = 33 = (2n + 1)(n + 1)
When a = 33, 33 = 3 – 12d ⇒ d = – 5 (b) 212 – 222 + 232 – 242 + … + 392
2
– 402
2 3 1 24
S25 = 25 (2)(33) + (24) – 5
2 = (12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + … + 392 – 402)
25 (66 – 60) 75 – (12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + … + 192 –
= =
2 202)
2 (a) a = 1, r = 5 = S20 – S10
4 = –20(2(20) + 1) – [–10(2(10) + 1)]
a(r – 1) 12 5 n–1
5 n–1
31 2 4
n
= –820 – (–210) = –610
Sn = = 4 =4
r–1
1 2 5–1
4
4
4 d=2
(b) Sn a 20 un = a + (n – 1)(2) = a + 2n – 2
When n = 20, u20 = a + 2(20) – 2
31 2 4
n
4 5 – 1 > 20 = a + 38
4
12
5 n–1>5
4
S20 = 1120
20(a u ) 1120
125 n>6
4
2
+ 20 =
10(a + a + 38) = 1120
n lg 5 > lg 6 2a = 74
4
n > 8.03 a = 37
The least number of terms is 9. u20 = a + 38 = 37 + 38
= 75
3 312 – 224 + 332 – 424 + … + 3(2n – 1)2 –
(2n)24 5 (a) a = 3, d = 4, Sn = 820
= –3 – 7 – 11… Sn = n[2a + (n – 1)d ]
a = –3, d = – 4 2
Sn = n 3–6 + (n – 1)(– 4)4 820 = n (6 + 4n – 4)
2 2
1640 = n(2 + 4n)
n n
= (–6 – 4n + 4) = (– 4n – 2) n(1 + 2n) = 820
2 2
= –n(2n + 1) [Shown] n + 2n2 – 820 = 0

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11
 (2n + 41)(n – 20) = 0 (iii) To show that it is an A.P.,
n = 20 since n = – 41 is not a un = 1 (8 + n)
solution. 2 5

T20 = 3 + 19(4) = 79 un – 1 = 1 [8 + (n – 1)]

5
(b) Since they form an A.P., 1
= (7 + n)
(p2 + q2)2 – (p2 – 2pq – q2)2 5
= (p2 + 2pq – q2)2 – (p2 + q2)2 un – un – 1 = 1
5
(p2 + q2 – p2 – 2pq – q2) ⇒ Series is an A.P. with
(p2 + q2 – p2 + 2pq + q2)
d = 1 = 0.2.
= (p2 + 2pq + q2 + p2 + q2)(p2 + 2pq 5
– q2 – p2 – q2)
(2p2 – 2pq)(2q2 + 2pq) = (2p2 + 2pq) 7 If J, K, M is a G.P., then
(2pq – 2q2) K M
=
4pq(p – q)(q + p) = 4pq(p + q)(p – q) J K
LHS = RHS [Shown] K 2 = MJ …1
(ar k – 1)2 = (ar m – 1) (ar j – 1)
6 (a) Sn = pn + qn2, S8 = 20, S13 = 39
r 2k – 2 = r m – 1 + j – 1
(i) S8 = 8p + 64q
8p = 20 – 64q 2k – 2 = m + j – 2
p = 5 – 8q …1 k+k=m+j
2 k–m=j–k …2
S13 = 39
13p + 169q = 39 …2 and
Substitute 1 into 2 , 2k = m + j …3
1 2
13 5 – 8q + 169q = 39
2
(k – m)lg J + (m – j)lg K + ( j – k)lg M
65 – 104q 169q 39 = lg J k – m + lg Km – j + lg M j – k
+ =
2 = lg J j – k + lg Km – j + lg M j – k [from 2 ]
65q = 13
2 = ( j – k)(lg J + lg M) + lg K m – j
q= 1
10 = ( j – k)lg JM + lg K m – j
p = 5 – 8 1 = 17
2 10 1 2
10
= ( j – k)lg K2 + (m – j)lg K
= 2( j – k)lg K + (m – j)lg K
(ii) un = Sn – Sn – 1
= pn + qn2 – [p(n – 1) + = (2j – 2k + m – j)lg K
q(n – 1)2] = ( j + m – 2k)lg K
= p(n – n + 1) + q[n2 –
(n – 1)2] = (2k – 2k)lg K [from 3 ]
= p + q[(n + n – 1) =0 [Proven]
(n – n + 1)]
8 (a) A.P., a = 200, d = 400
= p + q(2n – 1)(1)
=
17 1 (2n – 1)
+ Tn = a + ( n − 1) d = 2000 + ( n − 1)( 400)
10 10
17 n – 1 8 n = 400 n + 1600
= + = +
10 5 10 5
= 400( n + 4)

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 n n 3–2 3+1
(b) Sn = ( a + l ) = [ 2000 + 400 n + 1600] = =2– 3
2 2 3–1
u3 = u2r
n
= ( 400 n + 3600) = ( 3 – 1)(2 – 3)
2
=2 3–3–2+ 3
= 200n( n + 9) =3 3–5
u4 = u3r
(c) Sn  200 000 = (3 3 – 5)(2 – 3)
200n(n + 9)  200 000 = 6 3 – 3(3) – 10 + 5 3
= 11 3 – 19
n2 + 9n – 1000  0 (b) r = 2 – 3 [< 1]
n  –36.44135, n  27.44135 3+1
S∞ = a =
1 – r 1 – (2 – 3 )
∴ n = 28
a(1 – r 5) 3+1 3+1 3+2 3+1
9 S5 = 44, = 44 … 1 = × =
1–r 3 – 1 3+1 2
=2+ 3
S10 – S5 = – 11
8 S6 7
a(1 – r10) – a(1 – r 5) – 11 11 (a) = , u = –4
= S3 8 2
1–r 1–r 8 8S6 = 7S3 …1
a(1 + r )(1 – r ) – a(1 – r ) – 11 …
5 5 5
ar = – 4
= 2
1–r 1–r 8
a(1 – r 5) (1 r 5 – 1) – 11 a = –4 …2
+ = r
1–r 8 a(1 – r 6) a(1 – r 3)
Substitute 1 into 2 , 8 3 1–r 4 3
=7
1–r 4
44(r 5) = – 11 8(1 – r 6) = 7(1 – r 3)
8 8 – 8r 6 = 7 – 7r 3
r =–1
5
8r 6 – 7r 3 – 1 = 0
32
1 (r – 1)(8r 3 + 1) = 0
3

r = – [Shown]
2 r 3 = 1 or – 1
8
3 1 24 1 r = – 1 since r = 1 is
5
a 1– –
2 2
= 44 not a solution.
1– –1 21
2 a=– 4 =8

1 2
a 1 + 1 = 66
–1
21 2
32 8 1 4
a = 64 (b) r = × = , a = 2
5 2 5
Sn = a Sn > 9.9
1–r a(1 – r n)
64 > 9.9
= 1–r
1 – –1 1 2
2 3 1 24
2 1– 4
n

2 5 > 9.9
= 42
3
12
1
5
3–1 3–1
12
n
10 (a) r =
3+1
×
3–1 1 – 4 > 0.99
5

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 (b) S∞ – Sn < 0.01
5 12
4 n < 0.01
a a(1 – r n)
– < 0.01
n lg 4 < lg (0.01) 1–r 1–r
5
n > 20.64 a
(1 – 1 + r n) < 0.01
The least number of terms is 21. 1–r
3 n
(r ) < 0.01
12 u3 = S2 0.6
a(1 – r2) 0.4n < 2 × 10–3
ar2 =
1–r n lg 0.4 < lg (2 × 10–3)
ar2(1 – r) = a(1 + r)(1 – r)
ar2 = a(1 + r) n > 6.78
r –r–1=0
2 The least number of terms is 7.
–(–1) ± (–1) – 4(1)(–1)
2
r= 14 Sn = a + ar + ar 2 + … +
2
ar n – 2 + ar n – 1 …1
1± 5
= rSn = ar + ar 2 + … + ar n – 2 +
2
a=2 ar n – 1 + ar n …2
5
When r = 1 + [|r| > 1], S∞ doesn’t 1 – 2,
exist 2 Sn – rSn = a – ar n
Sn(1 – r) = a(1 – r n)
5
When r = 1 – [|r| < 1], Sn =
a(1 – r n)
[Shown]
2 1–r
S∞ = a For S∞ to exist, |r| < 1,
1–r a(1 – r ∞) a
2 lim S = S = =
= n→∞ n ∞ 1–r 1–r
1– 5 a a(1 – r n)
1– –
2 S∞ – Sn 1 – r 1–r
=
2 4 1– 5 S∞ a
= = × 1–r
1+ 5 1– 5
1
2–1+ 5
2 2 a [1 – (1 – r n)]
1–r
=
4–4 5 a
= = 5–1 1–r
1–5
= rn [Shown]
13 a = 3, r = 0.4 16
(a) u4 = 18, u7 =
(a) un < 0.02 3
ar n–1
< 0.02 ar3 = 18 …1
3(0.4)n – 1 < 0.02 16
ar6 = …2
1 3
(0.4) < n–1

11632 × 181
150 2
, r3 =
1 1
(n – 1)lg 0.4 < lg
r =1 2
150 3 8
n – 1 > 5.47 27
r=1 2
n > 6.47 2
The least number of terms is 7. 3

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 (b) By considering ( 3m - 2 ) Sm ,
3
a1232= 18
a = 243 æ1ö
for m = 2, [3( 2 ) - 2 ] S2 = 4 ç ÷ = 1
4
è4ø
243
4 1 2729 æ2ö
S∞ =
2
= for m = 3 , [3(3) - 2 ] S3 = 7 ç ÷ = 2
1– 4 è7ø
3
æ 3ö
S –S
(b) ∞ n < 0.001 for m = 4, [3( 4 ) - 2 ] S4 = 10 ç ÷ = 3
S∞ è 10 ø
…
r n < 0.001
Sm [3m - 2 ] = m - 1
2n
312 < 0.001
\ Sm =
m -1
2
n lg < lg 0.001 3m - 2
3
n > 17.04 ¥
é 1 ù
The least value of n is 18. 17 åu r = lim Sn = lim ê 4 -
n ®¥ n ®¥ ( n - 1)! úû
= 4 , as
r =1 ë
15 u1 = 9, 1
® 0, when n ® ¥.
u2 = 9 + 4 + 4 9 = 25, ( n - 1)!
u3 = 25 + 4 + 4 25 = 49 So the series converges, and S¥ = 4.
u4 = 49 + 4 + 4 49 = 81 1 é 1 ù
ur = Sn - Sn -1 = 4 - - ê4 -
u1 = 9 = (3)2 ( n - 1)! ë ( n - 2 )! úû
u2 = 25 = (5 )2 STRATEGY 1 1
3, 5, 7, 9, …, is an A.P. = -
u3 = 49 = (7 ) 2
with a = 3 and d = 2; ( n - 2 )! ( n - 1)!
u4 = 81 = (9 )2 un = 3 + (n − 1)(2) = 2n + 1 n −1 1
−
… ( n − 1)( n − 2 )! ( n − 1)!
un = ( 2 n + 1)
2
n −1 1
= −
( n − 1)! ( n − 1)!
16 (a) un = 3n - 2,
n-2
u1 = 3(1) - 2 = 1, =
( n - 1)!
u2 = 3( 2 ) - 2 = 4,
n
u3 = 3(3) - 2 = 7, 18 Sn = [2a + ( n - 1)d ]
2
u4 = 3( 4 ) - 2 = 10
5
1 1 S5 = [2 + (5 - 1)d ] = 5 + 10d = 5(1 + 2d )
S2 = = , 2
1( 4 ) 4 10
S10 = [2 + (10 - 1)d ]
1 1 2 2
S3 = + = ,
1( 4 ) 4(7 ) 7 = 10 + 45d = 5( 2 + 9d )
20
S4 =
1
+
1
+
1
=
3 S20 = [2 + ( 20 - 1)d ]
1( 4 ) 4(7 ) 7(10 ) 10 2
= 20 + 190d = 10( 2 + 19d )

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 As S5 , S10 and S20 form a geometric S(1 – x) = 1 – x n
progression.
1 - xn
S20 S10 S=
Þ ( S10 ) = ( S20 )( S5 )
2
= 1- x
S10 S5
1 - x n 1 - (1 + h )n
=
[5( 2 + 9d )] = 10( 2 + 19d ) [5(1 + 2d ] When x = 1 + h,
2
1- x 1 - (1 + h )
(2 + 9d )2 = 2(2 + 19d)(1 + 2d) 1
= - é1 - (1 + h ) ù
n

h ë û
81d 2 + 36d + 4 = 2(38d 2 + 23d + 2 )
1é
(1 + h ) - 1ùû
n
5d 2 - 10d = 0, =
hë
5d ( d - 2 ) = 0
\ d = 2 (reject d = 0 as the arithmetic 1 é ænö ænö 2 ænö n ù
= ê1 + ç ÷ h + ç ÷ h + ... + ç ÷ h - 1ú
progression is increasing) h ë è1ø è2ø ènø û
n
Sn = [ 2 + ( n - 1)( 2 )] = n 2 1 éæ n ö ænö 2 ænö n ù
2 = êç ÷ h + ç ÷ h + ... + ç ÷ h ú
h ëè 1 ø è2ø ènø û
n +1
and Sn+1 = [2 + ( n )( 2 )] = ( n + 1)2
2 ænö ænö ænö ænö
= ç ÷ + ç ÷ h + ç ÷ h 2 + ... + ç ÷ h n -1 .
2S n 2n2 è1ø è2ø è3ø ènø
> 1 becomes >1
Sn+1 - 100 ( n + 1)2 - 100
n +1 n -1
2n2 æ2ö æ2ö
- 1 > 0, 20 un = ç ÷ -ç ÷
( n + 1)2 - 100 è5ø è5ø
2n2 ( n + 1)2 - 100 æ2ö
n +1
æ2ö
n +1- 2
æ2ö
n +1
é æ 2 ö -2 ù
- >0 =ç ÷ -ç ÷ =ç ÷ ê1 - ç ÷ ú
( n + 1)2 - 100 ( n + 1)2 - 100 è5ø è5ø è5ø êë è 5 ø úû
n 2 - 2 n + 99 n +1 n +1
>0 æ2ö é 25 ù 21 æ 2 ö
( n + 1)2 - 100 = ç ÷ ê1 - 4 ú = - 4 ç 5 ÷
è5ø ë û è ø
n 2 - 2 n + 99 = ( n - 1)2 - 1 + 99 n +1 n
21 æ 2 ö 21 æ 2 ö
= ( n - 1) + 98 > 0"n
2
Give un = - ç ÷ , un -1 = - ç ÷
4 è5ø 4 è5ø
So ( n + 1) - 100 > 0
2
n +1
21 æ 2 ö
- ç ÷
éë( n + 1) - 10 ùû [( n + 1) + 10 ] > 0 un 4 è5ø 2
= n
=
(n – 9)(n + 11) > 0 un -1 21 æ 2 ö 5
- ç ÷
n>9 4 è5ø
The least value of n is 10. un MATHS FILE
Since is u
19 Let S = 1 + x + x + ... + x 2 n -1
…1 un-1 If n is a constant,
un -1
n -1 independent of
xS = x + x + x + ... + x + x
2 3 n
…2 n, the sequence
then sequence is a G.P.

Equation 1 – equation 2 , is a geometric

S – xS = 1 – x n progression.

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 It is a G.P. with n 1
Σ
r = 1 r(r + 1)(r + 2)
2
21 æ 2 ö 21 2
a= - ç ÷ =- , r= =
1 n
Σ
2
4 è5ø 5 5 2 r = 1 r(r + 1)(r + 2)

3 4
1 n 1 1
21 = Σ –
¥ - 2 r = 1 r(r + 1) (r + 1)(r + 2)
a
å ur = S¥ = = 5 = -7
r=1 1- r 1- 2
5
3f (r) = r(r 1+ 1)4
1 n
21
2r – 1
–
2r + 1 = Σ [ f (r) – f (r + 1)]
2 r=1
r(r – 1) r(r + 1)
1
(r + 1)(2r – 1) – (2r + 1)(r – 1) = [ f (1) – f (n + 1)]
= 2
r(r – 1)(r + 1)
3 4
1 1 1
2r2 – r + 2r – 1 – 2r2 + 2r – r + 1 = –
= 2 2 (n + 1)(n + 2)
r(r – 1)(r + 1)
3 4
2r 2 1 n2 + 3n + 2 – 2
= = =
r(r – 1)(r + 1) (r – 1)(r + 1) 2 2(n + 1)(n + 2)
[Verified]
n2 + 3n
n 2 =
Σ 4(n + 1)(n + 2)
r = 2 (r – 1)(r + 1)
1 A B
2r – 1 2r + 1 23 (a) ≡
3 4 +
n
=Σ – (2r – 1)(2r + 1) 2r – 1 2r – 1
r = 2 r(r – 1) r(r + 1)
1 ≡ A(2r + 1) + B(2r – 1)
3
f (r) = 2r – 14
n
= Σ [ f (r) – f (r + 1)] 1 1
r=2 r(r – 1) Let r = – , Let r = – ,
2 2
= f (2) – f (n + 1)
3 2n + 1 l = B(–2) 1 = A(2)
= – [Proven]
1 1
2 n(n + 1) B=– A=
1 ∞ 2 2 2
Σ
2 r = 2 (r – 1)(r + 1) 1 1 1
= –
(2r – 1)(2r + 1) 2(2r – 1) 2(2r + 1)
3 4
1 3 – 2n + 1
= lim
2 n → ∞ 2 n(n + 1) 1 1 1
= 1–
2 2r – 1 2r + 1 2
3 4
2 1
1 + 2
3 –n n 1
= lim (b) Σ
2n
2 n→∞ 2
1+1 r=n (2r – 1)(2r + 1)
n
1 1
32(2r – 1) – 2(2r + 1)4
2n

=
1 3
2 2 1
–0 =3
4 2 = Σ
r=n

22
1
–
1
=
r+2–r =
1 2n
Σ [ f (r) – f (r + 1)]
2 r=n
r(r + 1) (r + 1)(r + 2) r(r + 1)(r + 2)

=
2 3f (r) = 2r 1– 14,
r(r + 1)(r + 2) 1
[Shown] = [ f (n) – f (2n + 1)]
2

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 1 1
3
1 1
4 1 2
N
1 25 Σ –
= –
2 2n – 1 4n + 1 n = 25 2n – 1 2n + 1
1
[ f (n) – f (n + 1)] 3f (n) = 4
N
= Σ
1 2
1 4n + 1 – 2n + 1
= n = 25 2n – 1
2 (2n – 1)(4n + 1)
= f (25) – f (N + 1)
=
n+1
=
an + b
(2n – 1)(4n + 1) (2n – 1)(4n + 1) =
1
–
1
[Shown] 50 – 1 2N + 1
a = 1, b = 1 1– 1
=
7 2N + 1
3 4
n+1
(c) lim 1–
11 1
2
∞
n → ∞ (2n – 1)(4n + 1)
Σ un = nlim →∞ 7
=
7
n = 25 2n + 1

3 4
1 1
+
n n2
= nlim =0 26 1 – 1 (r + 1)! – r!
=
8 – 2 – 12
→∞
r! (r + 1)! r!(r + 1)!
n n (r + 1)r! – r!
=
1 A B r!(r + 1)!
24 Let ≡ +
(2r + 1)(2r + 3) 2r + 1 2r + 3 r
= [Shown]
l ≡ A(2r + 3) + B(2r + 1) (r + 1)!
3 1 r 1 1
= Σ 3 –
(r + 1)! 4
n n
Let r = – Let r = – Σ
2 2 r = 1 (r + 1)! r = 1 r!
1 = B(–2) 1 = A(2) n
= Σ [ f (r) – f (r + 1)],
1 1 r=1
B=– A=

1
2
1
2
1
3f (r) = r!1 4
= – = f (1) – f (n + 1)
(2r + 1)(2r + 3) 2(2r + 1) 2(2r + 3)
1
n 1 =1–
Σ
r = 1 (2r + 1)(2r + 3)
(n + 1)!

r+1 r
=
1 n
Σ 3 1
–
1
2 r = 1 2r + 1 2r + 3 4 27
r+2 r+1
–
(r + 1)2 – r(r + 2)
=
1 n
Σ
2 r=1
[ f (r) – f (r + 1)] f (r) = 1 3
2r + 1 4 =
(r + 1)(r + 2)
1 r + 2r + 1 – r2 – 2r
2

= [ f (1) – f (n + 1)] =
2 (r + 1)(r + 2)
1
=
1 1
3 –
2 3 2n + 3
1
4 =
(r + 1)(r + 2)
[Shown]
1 r+1 r
3 4
n n
1
= –
1 Σ
r = 1 (r + 1)(r + 2)
= Σ
r=1 r + 2
–
r+1
6 2(2n + 3)
n
To test for the convergence, = Σ [ f (r) – f (r – 1)],
r=1
lim 1 –
n→∞ 3 1
6 2(2n + 3)
=
1
6 4 3f (r) = rr ++ 124
The series converges to 1. = f (n) – f (0)
6
S` = 1 =
n+1 1
–
6 n+2 2

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 2(n + 1) – (n + 2) 1
= Let f (r) =
2(n + 2) 4r + 3
2n + 2 – n – 2
=
2(n + 2)
1 n
4 rΣ
= 1 4r11
– 1
–
4r
1
+3 2
n 1
= n
= Σ [ f (r – 1) – f (r)]
2(n + 2) 4 r=1
1
28 f (r) – f (r – 1) = [ f (0) – f (n)]
4
1 1
= –
(2r + 1)(2r + 3) (2r – 1)(2r + 1) = 3
1 1– 1
4 3 4n + 3 4
2r – 1 – 2r – 3
=
(2r – 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3) = 3
1 4n + 3 – 3
4 3(4n + 3)
= 4 n
3(4n + 3)
–4
= [Shown]
(2r – 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3) 30 f (x) = x + x + 1
n 1 1 1 x– x+1
Σ
r = 1 (2r – 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3)
= ×
f (x) x+ x+1 x– x+1
1 n –4
=– Σ x– x+1
4 r = 1 (2r – 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3) =
1 n x – (x + 1)
= – Σ [ f (r) – f (r – 1)]
4 r=1 = x+1– x
3 f (r) =
1
(2r + 1)(2r + 3)4 Σ
24 1 24
= – Σ 1 x – x + 12
x = 1 f (x) x=1
1
= – [ f (n) – f (0)] = –( 1 – 2 + 2 – 3 + … +
4
24 – 25)
=– 3 1 1
4 (2n + 1)(2n + 3) 3
–14 = – (1 – 5) = 4
1 – 1
=
12 4(2n + 1)(2n + 3) 31 Using long division,
4n2 + 6n + 2n + 3 – 3 1
= x2 + 6x + 8 2 x2 + 6x + 0
12(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
4n2 + 8n x2 + 6x + 8
= –8
12(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
x(x + 6) 8
n2 + 2n ≡1–
= (x + 2)(x + 4) (x + 2)(x + 4)
3(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
8 A B
Let ≡ + ,
1 A B (x + 2)(x + 4) (x + 2) (x + 4)
29 Let ≡ +
(4n – 1)(4n + 3) 4n – 1 4n + 3
8 ≡ A(x + 4) + B(x + 2)
l ≡ A(4n + 3) + B(4n – 1) Let x = – 4, Let x = –2,
3 1
Let n = – Let n = 8 = B(–2) 8 = A(2)
4 4
B = –4 A=4
1 = B(– 4) 1 = A(4)
1 1 x(x + 6) 4 4
B=– A= =1– +
4 4 (x + 2)(x + 4) x+2 x+4
1
=
1
1 1
–
(4n – 1)(4n + 3) 4 4n – 1 4n + 3
1
2 Σ 31 – x +4 2 + x +4 44
n

x=1

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 33 (a)
= Σ 1 – 4 Σ 3x +1 2 – x +1 44
n n

x=1 x=1

= n – 43 – + – + – + …
1 1 1 1 1 1   x+  
1
x
5

= x5 + 5x 4
1
x
+ 10 x 3
1
x
2

  
3 5 4 6 5 7 3 5
4
1 1 1
n + 1 n + 3 n + 2 n + 44
1 1 1 1 10 x 2
+ 5x +
+ – + –
x x x

= n – 43 + –
3 4 n + 3 n + 44
1 1 1
–
1
 = x 5 + 5 x 3 + 10 x + 10
1
x
+
= n – 43 –
12 (n + 3)(n + 4)4   
7 2n + 7
1 1
5 + 5
x3 x
= n – 43 4
7(n + 7n + 12) – 12(2n + 7)
2

     
12(n + 3)(n + 4) 3
7n2 + 49n + 84 – 24n – 84 1 1 1
=n– x− = x 3 + 3x 2 − + 3x − +
3(n + 3)(n + 4) x x x

=n–
7n2 + 25n
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
3n(n + 3)(n + 4) – n(7n + 25)
  −
1
x
3

=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n[3n2 + 7n + 12) – 7n – 25]  = x 3 − 3x + 3
1
x
1
− 3
x

   
3(n + 3)(n + 4) 5 3
n[3n2 + 21n + 36 – 7n – 25] 1 1
= x+ x− = x 5 + 5 x 3 + 10 x +
3(n + 3)(n + 4) x x
=
n(3n2 + 14n + 11)
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n(n + 1)(3n + 11)
   10
1
x
1
+5 3 +
x


= [Shown]
3(n + 3)(n + 4) 1
× x 3 − 3x +
x5

 
32 (2 + 3 x) = 2 + 4(2 )(3 x) + 6(2 )
4 4 3 2

1 1
(3 x) 2 + 4(2) (3 x)3 + (3 x) 4 3 − 3
x x
= 16 + 96 x + 216 x 2 + 216 x3 +
81x 4 Terms containing x4
[ 2 + (-3x)] = 2 + 4(2 )(-3 x) + 6(2 )

4 4 3 2

(-3 x) + 4(2)(-3 x) + (-3 x)

2 3 4
= x5
3
x
+ 5 x 3 ( −3 x ) + 10 x x 3 ( )
= 16 - 96 x + 216 x 2 - 216 x 3 + = 3 x 4 − 15 x 4 + 10 x 4
81x 4 = −2 x 4
(2 + 3 x) 4 - (2 + 3 x) 4 = 192 x + 432 x 3 Coefficient of x4 = –2
Let x = 2 ,
(2 + 3 2 ) - (2 + 3 2 )
4 4
(b) Tr +1 = 
n n− r r
r
a b

= 192 2 + 432 ( 2 )3
= 1056 2
=  ( )
6
r
x2
6−r
(2 x )
−1
r

=  ( )
6
r
r
2 x12−2 r x − r

10
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(T)First
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TermThird
Second
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Edition =  ( )
6
r
2 x12−3r
r
 Tr +1 =  n n− r r
r
a b

=  ( ) 6
r
x2
6−r
(2 x ) −1 r

=  ( ) 6
r
r
2 x12−2 r x − r
35 (a) 1 + 10(3x + 2x2) +
10(9)(8)
10(9)
2
(3x + 2x2)2

 ( )
+ (3x + 2x2)3
6 r 3!
= 2 x12−3r
r = 1 + 30x + 20x2 + 45(9x2 + 12x3)
The term independent of x is the term + 120(27x3)
where 12 – 3r = 0 = 1 + 30x + 425x2 + 3780x3
r=4
5 Coefficient of x3 = 3780
1 3
34 (a) 1 – x (2 + 3x)6
2 2 (b) (1 + x)–1(4 + x2)
–
1
2
2
1
= + 1 5
C3 –
3
2
x 5
C
+ 2 –
3
2
x 1 +… 2 1 2 4 = 1+3 –1
1!
(x) +
–1(–2) 2
2!
(x) +
[26 + 6C1(2)5(3x) + 6C2(2)4(3x)2 1
–1(–2)(–3) 3 … 1 – 22
+…] 3!
(x) + 4 4
1 2
1
15 45 2 –
= 1– x+ x (64 + 576x
3 x2
4
2
2 2 1+
4
+ 2160x ) 2
–1 2
= 64 + 576x + 2160x2 – 480x
1
= (1 – x + x2 – x3 + …)1 +
2
2 x
1! 4 1 2
– 4320x2 + 1440x2
= –720x2 + 96x + 64 [Shown] –1 –3 2 21 2
+
2 2 x
2! 4
+… 1 2
   
5
3 5 é 3 ù 1
( b) 1 - x - x2 = ê1 - x + x ú = (1 – x + x2 – x3 + …)
2
2 êë 2 úû
1 x2 …
2
   
1– +
3 3 2 8
= 1 - 5 x + x + 10 x 2 +x -
2 2 1
= 1– 1
x2
–x+
x3
+ x2 – x3 2
    3 4
2 8 8
3 3
10 x 3 +x + 5x 4 +x
2 2 =
1
2 1 7
8
7
1 – x + x2 – x3 + …
8 2
=1-
15
2
 
x - 5 x 2 + 10 x 2
9
4
+ 3x + x 2 -
where |x| < 1

   
A Bx + C
36 Let f (x) ≡ +
27 27 81 1 – x 1 + x2
10x 3
+ x + 5x 4 + 6 x + x 4 +…
8 4 16 1 + 2x + 3x2 ≡ A(1 + x2) + (Bx + C)(1 – x)
15 45 2 Let x = 1,
= 1 - x - 5x 2 + x + 30 x 3 + 10 x 4 -
2 2 1 + 2 + 3 = A(2)
135 3 135 4 405 4 A=3
x - x + x +…
4 2 16 Let x = 0,
15 35 2 15 3 515 4 1 = 3(1) + (0 + C)(1)
=1- x + x - x - x C = –2
2 5 4 16
Let x = –1,

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 1 – 2 + 3 = 3(2) + [–B + (–2)](2) 5 1
= 1 – x – x2 – x3 – … where |x| <
2 = 6 – 4 – 2B 3 3
B=0 When x = , 1
8
Hence, f (x) = 3 – 2 2 1
1–x 1+x 3
5
12
1
(1 – 3x) = 5
3
f (x) = 3(1 – x)–1 – 2(1 + x2)–1
3 =
8 2
3
–1 –1(–2) 2 3
= 3 1 + (–x) +
1! 2!
(–x)2 ≈1–1– 1 –5 1 –…
8 8 3 8 12 12
–1(–2)(–3)
+
3!
(–x)3 + … 4 3
5≈
1315 (2)
1536
–1
3
– 2 1 + (x)2 + …
1! 4 ≈ 1315 = 1.17
768
= 3(1 + x + x2 + x3 + …) [2 decimal places]
– 2(1 – x2 + …)
= 3 + 3x + 3x2 + 3x3 – 2 + 2x2 ( 2n)( 2n - 1)
38 (1 - y ) 2 n = 1 + 2n( - y ) +
= 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 3x3 where |x| < 1 2!
[Shown] ( - y)2 + …
( 5 + 2)6 – ( 5 – 2)6 = 1 + 2ny + n ( 2n - 1) y 2 + …
37 (a) ( -2n)( -2n - 1)
8 5 (1 + y ) -2 n = 1 + ( -2n ) ( y ) +
[( 5 + 2)3 + ( 5 – 2)3][( 5 + 2)3 2!
( y)2 + …
=
– ( 5 – 2)3] = 1 - 2ny + n ( 2n + 1) y 2 + …

 
8 5
2n
1− y
( 5 + 2 + 5 – 2)[( 5 + 2)2 = (1 − y ) (1 + y )−2 n
2n

1+ y
– ( 5 + 2)( 5 – 2) + ( 5 – 2)2] = (1 − 2ny + n ( 2n − 1) y 2 + …)
( 5 + 2 – 5 + 2)[( 5 + 2)2
(1 − 2ny + n (2n + 1) y 2 + …)
+ ( 5 + 2)( 5 – 2) + ( 5 – 2)2]
= = 1 − 2ny + n( 2n + 1) y 2 − 2ny +
8 5 4 n2 y 2 + n ( 2n − 1) y 2
[2 5(5 + 4 5 + 4 – 1 + 5 = 1 − 4 ny + 8n2 y 2

=
– 4 5 + 4)] [(4)(5 + 4 5
+ 4 + 1 + 5 – 4 5 + 4)]
∴  
1− y
1+ y
2n

= 1 − 4 ny + 8n2 y 2 + …

8 5 1 1
Let y = ,n =
= (17)(19) 50 16
1
= 323

1 1      
1 8
1- 2 2
1
50 1 1 1 1
(b) (1 – 3x) 3 » 1- 4 +8
1 16 50 10 50
1+
3
1 1 –2
1 2 50


3 (–3x) + 3 3 (–3x)2
1
= 1+ 49 8
79 601
1! 2! »
51 80 000
1 –2 –5
3 3 1 21 2
3 (–3x)3 … 4
+ +
3!

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39 (1 – x)10 = 1 – 10x + 45x2 + … 1 1 2
= 1 + x – x2 +
5 25
6 3
125
x 2
(1 + 2x2)3 = 1 + 6x2 + …
(1 + ax)5 = 1 + 5ax + 10a2x2 + … – (5 + 3x)
1
5 1 23
1+
–1 2
1! 5
x 1 2
(1 + bx2)4 = 1 + 4bx2 + …
(1 – x)10 (1 + 2x2)3 – (1 + ax)5 (1 + bx2)4 +
2! 5 1 2
–1(–2) 2 2 –1(–2)(–3) 2 3
x +
3! 5
x 1 24
= (1 – 10x + 45x2 + …)(1 + 6x2 + …)
1 2 6 3 1
– (1 + 5ax + 10a2x2 + …) = 1 + x – x2 +
5 25 125
x – (5 + 3x)
5
(1 + 4bx2 + …)
= 1 + 6x2 – 10x + 45x2 – 1 – 4bx2 – 5ax 11 – 25x + 254 x 8 3
125
x
2
– 2
– 10a2x2 + …
1 2 6 3 1
–10 – 5a = 0 6 + 45 – 4b – 10a2 = 0 = 1 + x – x2 + x –
5 25 125 5
a = –2 6 + 45 – 4b – 40 = 0
b = 11
4
1 4 8
5 – 2x + x2 – x3 + 3x
5 25
5 3

1
40 (a) x +
1
x 21 x–2 1
x
6
– x2 + x3
5
12
25 2
3
= x5 + 5(x)4 12 1
x 1 21
+ 10x3 2 + 10x2 3
x
1
x 1 2 1 2
= 1 + x – x2 +
5 25
6 3
125
x –1
1 2
1 2 43
1 1
+ 5x 4 + 5 x3 + 3(x)2
x x
–1
x 1 2 – x + x2
5 25
2 3
4 3 2 3 2
+ 3x –1 2 1 24
1
x
+ –
1
x
–
125
x =
125
x where |x| <
5
[Shown]
1
= x5 + 5x3 + 10x +
10 5
x
+ 3 + 5
x x
1
2 Hence, p =
2
125
1
x3 – 3x + – 3
3 1
x x 2 By using x = 0.02,
To obtain x4 term, 1 1 2
253
(1.02)5 – 50 =
2
= … + x5 123
+ 5x3(–3x) + 10x(x3) 252 125
(0.02)3
+ … x
1 2
50
= 3x 4 – 15x 4 + 10x 4 = –2x 4 = 1.28 × 10–7 [Shown]
The coefficient of x 4 term is –2. 41 (1 + ax + bx2)7
1
5 3x
(b) (1 + x)5 – + = [(1 + ax) + (bx2)]7
5 + 2x

3 1 2
1 1 –4 = 7Cr (1 + ax)7 – r (bx2)r
5 5 5 (x)2
= 1 + (x) + x term:
1! 2!
= 7C0(1 + ax)7
1 21 2 4
1 –4 –9
5 5 5 (x)3 … = 7C0[7C1 (ax)]
+ +
3! = 7ax
– (5 + 3x)(5 + 2x)–1
x2 term:
1 1
= 1 + x – x2 +
5
2
25
6 3
125
x 2 = 7C0(1 + ax)7 + 7C1(1 + ax)6 (bx2)

1
– (5 + 3x)(5)–1 1 + x
5 2
2 –1 = 7C0[7C2(ax)2] + 7C1[6C0(ax)0 (bx2)]

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 = 21a2x2 + 7bx2
= (21a2 + 7b)x2
1
2
1 –1
2 2 (x)2 1 2
= 1 + (x) +
7a = 1 21a2 + 7b = 0 1! 2!
a=
1
7
21
12
7 12
+ 7b = 0 1 21 2
1 –1 –3
2 2 2 (x)3
3 +
7b = – 3!
7
b=–
3
49
1 21 21 2
1 –1 –3 –5
2 2 2 2 (x)4 …
Let (1 + ax + bx2)7 = 1 + x + +
4!
1
1 3 x x2 x3 5 4 …
(1 + x)7 = 1 + x – x2 + … =1+ – + – x + …1
7 49 2 8 16 128
where |x| < 1 1(6 x) – (2 x)–1
+ +
By using x = 0.014, 4
–1
1 3
7 1.014 ≈ 1 +
7
(0.014) – (0.014)2
49
=
6+x
4
– 2 –1
1 +
x
23 4
≈ 1.001988 [6 decimal places] =
6+x 1
4
– 1+
2 3–1 x
1! 2
+ 12
–1(–2) x 2
2! 2 12
42 (1 + x)
7
+
3! 2
+ 12
–1(–2)(–3) x 3 –1(–2)(–3)(– 4)
4!
1 – 2x
1 24
4
x
= (1 + x)7 (1 – 2x)–1 2
= [1 + 7x + 21x2 + 35x3 + …] =
6+x 1
4
– 1– +
2 1x x2 x3 x 4 …
2 4
– +
8 16
– 2
31+
–1
1!
(–2x) +
–1(–2)
2!
(–2x)2 +
=
6 + x 1 x x2 x3 x 4 …
– + – + – +
4 2 4 8 16 32
–1(–2)(–3)
3!
(–2x)3 + … 4 =1+ –
x x2 x3 x 4
+ – …2
2 8 16 32
= (1 + 7x + 21x2 + 35x3 + …) To obtain the error,
(1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3 + …)
1 – 2, 1+ – 1
x x2 x3
+ –
2 8 16 128
5 4
x 2
= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3 + 7x + 14x2 + 28x3
+ 21x2 + 42x3 + 35x3 + … 1
– 1+
x x2 x3 x4
– +
2 8 16 32
– 2
= 1 + 9x + 39x2 + 113x3 + … 5 4 x4
=– x +
1 128 32
where |x| < [Shown]
2 x4
Using x = –0.01, =–
128
(0.99)7 x4
≈ 1 + 9(–0.01) + 39(–0.01)2 The error is approximately . [Shown]
(1.02) 128
+ 113(–0.01)3 + …

   
≈ 0.914 [3 decimal places] 1
1
1é b ù
2 1
b 2
44 ( a + b) = ê a 1 + ú = a 2 1 +
2
43 1+x êë a ú a
û

  
1
= (1 + x) 2
é

 
1 1 1
1 1 ê -1
b 2 1 b
a2 1+ = a 2 ê1 + +2 2
a ê 2 a 2!
ACE AHEAD
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ê
14
ACE
©
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Mathematics
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First Term Second Edition
ë
1 1 1
    
1
1
é
1
b ù
2 1
b 2
ê
( a + b) = a 1 +
2 ú = a2 1+
êë a ú a
û

  
é 1 1 + 3x – 1 + x
45 y =

 
1 1 1 ×
1 1 ê -1 1 + 3x + 1 + x 1 + 3x – 1 + x
b 2
2 ê
1 b 2 2
a 1+
2
= a 1+ +
a ê 2 a 2! 1 + 3x – 1 + x
ê =
1 + 3x – (1 + x)
ë

    
1
1 1 1 = 1 1 + 3x – 1 + x2 [Shown]
2 -1 -2 2x
b 2 2 2
+
3 4
1 1
a 3! 1
(1 + 3x)2 – (1 + x)2

 3 ù 2x
b
1 2
53
+ …ú 1 1 –1
a úû 1
= 1 + (3x) + 2 2 (3x)2
2

 1 2
2x 1! 2!
b b
= a 1+ 2
- 2+
1 21 2
43
1 –1 –3 1
2 a 8a
2 2 2 (3x)3 … – 1 2 (x)
 b 3
+…
16 a3 1
…
+
3!
+ +
1!

1 2 1 21 2
46
1 –1 1 –1 –3
( )  1 1
a - b 2 = a2 1-
b 2
a
+
2 2 (x)2 2 2 2 (x)3 …
2!
+
3!
+

 
= a2 1 -
b b2
- 2-
2a 8a 16 a3
b3
+… =
1
2x 31
3 9 27
1 + x – x2 + x3+ … – 1 +
2 8 16
x
2 2 1
1 – 2 …2
–
x2 x3 …
+
8 16
+ 24
1
(a + b)2 - (a - b)2 = a 2
1

 
1
2b 2 b 3
+
2a 16 a3
=
1
2x 1 13
x – x2 + x3 + …
8 2
= a2
1

  b b3
+
a 8a 3
=
1 x 13 2
– + x
2 2 16
1
Using x = ,
Let a = 4, b = 1 100
1
1 æ ö y=
1 1 1 + 3x + 1 + x
5 - 3 = 42 ç + ÷
ç 4 8 43
è ( ) ÷
ø 1
=
129 103 101
= +
256 100 100

( )( ) 10
1
1 2 2
5- 3 5 + 3 =5-3 =
103 + 101
1
≈ –
2
100
2
+
13 1
16 100 1 2
=2
79 213
≈ [Shown]
129
256
( 5+ 3 =2 ) 160 000

( 5+ 3) = 2 ´
256
129
46 (a) 3 – 5x + 3x2
≡ A(1 + x2) + (B + Cx)(1 – 2x)
512 1
= Let x = ,
129 2

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 5 5 1
= (A) -
æ 1ö æ 1ö
= 1 + ç - ÷ ( - x -1 )
4 4 3

A=1 ç1 - ÷
è xø è 3ø
Let x = 0,
3 = 1(1 + 0) + (B + 0)(1) æ 1 öæ 1 ö
ç - ÷ ç - - 1÷
3 øè 3 ø
+è ( - x -1 )
B=2 2

Let x = 1, 2!
1 = 1(2) + (2 + C )(–1) æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 ö
C+2=1 ç - ÷ ç - - 1÷ ç - - 2 ÷
3 øè 3 øè 3
C = –1 +è ( )
ø - x -1 3
3!
–1
1! 3
(b) (1 – 2x)–1 = 1 + (–2x) 1 2
= 1 + x -1 + x -2 + …
–1(–2) 3 9
+ (–2x)2
2! 1 -
1
æ 1ö 3 - æ 1 -1 2 -2 ö
- 1
x ç1 - ÷ = x 3 ç1 + x + x ÷
–1(–2)(–3)
4
3
+ (–2x)3 è xø è 3 9 ø
3!
= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3 1 -4 2 -7 -
1
+ x 3+ x 3 = x 3
3 9
(1 + x2)–1 = 1 + 3 –1 2 …
1!
(x ) + 4 1
= 1 – x2 By putting x = 8 into 3
x -1
(c) (3 – 5x + 3x2)(1 – 2x)–1(1 + x2)–1 -
1
1 -4 2 -7
= x 3
+ x 3 + x 3+ …
1 2–x 3 9
= +
1 – 2x 1 + x2 1
1 - 1 - 34 2 - 73
= 1(1 – 2x) + (2 – x)(1 + x )
–1 2 –1 = ( 8 ) 3
+ (8) + (8) + . ..
3
8 -1 3 9
= 1(1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3) 1 301
≈
+ (2 – x)(1 – x2) 3
7 576
= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3 + 2 576
∴3 7 ≈
– 2x2 – x + x3 301
= 3 + x + 2x2 + 9x3
x2
⇒ a = 1, b = 2, c = 9 48 y =
2 - x + 2 1- x
x2 2 - x - 2 1- x
æ 1ö = ´
47 x - 1 = x ç1 - ÷ ; 2 - x + 2 1- x 2 - x - 2 1- x
è xø
x2 (2 - x - 2 1 - x )
-
1
=
é æ 1 öù
( )
2
(2 - x)
3 2
3
x - 1 = ê x ç1 - ÷ ú - 2 1- x
ë è x øû

æ 1ö
-
1 -
1
3
=
(
x2 2 - x - 2 1- x )
= x ç1 - ÷
3
x2
è xø 1
= 2 - x - 2 1 - x 2 1 - x = 2 (1 - x ) 2

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 1
º
( x - 1)( x - 2 )
1 1
º -
x - 2 x -1
é æ 1 öæ 1 ö 1 1
ê æ1ö ç ÷ ç - 1÷ º -
2 2 ø
= 2 ê1 + ç ÷ ( - x ) + è ø è ( - x )2 æ 2ö
x ç1 - ÷ x ç1 - ÷
æ 1ö
ê è ø 2 2 ! è xø è xø
êë
1 éæ 2 ö æ 1ö ù
-1 -1

æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 ö º êç 1 - ÷ - ç 1 - ÷ ú
ç ÷ ç - 1÷ ç - 2 ÷ x êëè x ø è x ø úû
2 2 2
+ è øè øè ø ( - x )3
3! -1
æ 2ö æ 2 ö ( -1)( -1 - 1)
æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 ö ù ç1 - ÷ = 1 + ( -1) ç - ÷ +
ç ÷ ç - 1÷ ç - 2 ÷ ç - 3 ÷ ú è xø è xø 2!
2 2 øè 2 øè 2
+ è øè ø ( -x )4 + ...ú 2
æ 2 ö ( -1)( -1 - 1)( -1 - 2 )
4! ú ç- ÷ +
úû è xø 3!
3
æ 2ö
 1 1 1
= 2 1 − x − x 2 − x3 −
5 4 
x − ... ç - ÷ + ...
 2 8 16 128  è xø
1 1 5 2 4 8
= 2 − x − x 2 − x3 − x 4 − .... = 1+ + 2 + 3 + ...
4 8 64 x x x
-1
æ 1ö æ 1 ö ( -1)( -1 - 1)
y = 2 - x - æç 2 - x - 1 x 2 - 1 x3 - 5 x 4 - ... ö÷ ç1 - ÷ = 1 + ( -1) ç - x ÷ +
è 4 8 64 ø è xø è ø 2!
2
1 2 1 3 5 4 æ 1 ö ( -1)( -1 - 1)( -1 - 2 )
= x + x + x ç- ÷ +
4 8 64 è xø 3!
3
y æ 1ö
= y (1 - x )
-2
ç - ÷ + ...
(1 - x ) è xø
2

æ1 1 5 ö 1 1 1
= ç x 2 + x3 + x 4 ÷ = 1 + + 2 + 3 + ...
è4 8 64 ø x x x
é ( -2 )( -2 - 1) 2 ù 1 1 éæ1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ... ö
ê1 + 2 x + 2!
x ú = êç
x 2 - 3x + 2 x ë è x x
2
x3
÷
ø
ë û

æ1 2 1 3 5 4ö æ 1 1 1 öù
= ç x + x + x ÷ (1 + 2 x + 3x ) - ç1 + + 2 + 3 + ... ÷ ú
2

è4 8 64 ø è x x x øû

1 2 1 3 3 4 1 3 1 4 5 4 1æ1 3 7 ö
= x + x + x + x + x + x = ç + 2 + 3 + ... ÷
4 2 4 8 4 64 xèx x x ø
1 5 69 4 1 3 7
= x2 + x3 + x + ... = 2 + 3 + 4 + ...
4 8 64 x x x

1 1 2 A B
49 º 50 º +
x - 3x + 2 ( x - 1)( x - 2 )
2 3x - 11x + 6 3x - 2 x - 3
2

1 1 Compare the numerators : 2 º A(x – 3) +

º - B(3x – 2)
x - 2 x -1
1 1
º -
æ 2ö æ 1ö
x ç1 - ÷ x ç1 - ÷
è x ø è xø ACE
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AHEAD
AHEAD Mathematics
Mathematics (T)(T)
Mathematics (T)First
First
First Term
Term
Term Fourth
ThirdEdition
Second Edition
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2016
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015
2018 17
 2 2 2 4 8
Substitute x = : 2 = A( – 3) +
3 3 = 1+ + 2+ + ...
6 3x 9 x 27 x3
B(3 – 3) Þ A = -
7 2 2 é 3 9 27
Substitute x = 3 : 2 = A(3 – 3) + B(9 – 2) = 1+ + +
3x - 11x + 6 7 x êë x x 2 x3
2

2
ÞB= æ 2 4 8 öù
7 - ç1 + + 2+ ÷
è 3x 9 x 27 x3 ø úû
2 2 6
º - 2 é7 77 721 ù
3x - 11x + 6 7( x - 3) 7(3x - 2 )
2
= + 2+
ê
7 x ë 3x 9 x 27 x3 úû
2 6 2 22 206
- = 2+ 3+
7( x - 3 ) 7( 3x - 2 ) 3x 9x 27 x 4
2 6
º - æ 3ö
-1

é æ 3 öù é æ 2 öù For expansion of ç1 - ÷ to be valid,

7 ê x ç1 - ÷ ú 7 ê3x ç1 - ÷ ú è xø
ë è x øû ë è 3 x øû
3
2 æ 3ö 2 æ
-1
2 ö
-1 < 1, x > 3 . STRATEGY
º ç1 - ÷ - ç1 - ÷ x Choose the smaller
7x è x ø 7 x è 3x ø interval.

2 éæ 3 ö ù
-1 -1 -1
æ 2 ö æ 2 ö
= êç 1 - ÷ - ç 1 - ÷ ú For expansion of ç1 - ÷ to be valid,
7 x êëè x ø è 3x ø úû è 3x ø
2 2
æ 3ö
-1
æ 3 ö ( -1)( -1 - 1) < 1, x > .
ç1 - ÷ = 1 + ( -1) ç - ÷ + 3x 3
è xø è xø 2! 2
2 For expansion of to be
æ 3 ö ( -1)( -1 - 1)( -1 - 2 ) 3x - 11x + 6
2

ç- ÷ + valid, | x | > 3
è xø 3!
3
æ 3ö
ç - ÷ + ....
è xø
3 9 27
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + ...
x x x
-1
æ 2 ö æ 2 ö ( -1)( -1 - 1)
ç1 - ÷ = 1 + ( -1) ç - ÷ +
è 3x ø è 3x ø 2!
2
æ 2 ö ( -1)( -1 - 1)( -1 - 2 )
ç- ÷ +
è 3x ø 3!
3
æ 2 ö
ç - ÷ + ....
è 3x ø

ACE AHEAD
ACE
ACE AHEAD Mathematics
AHEAD Mathematics (T)
Mathematics(T) First
(T)First Term
FirstTerm Fourth
TermThird Edition
Edition
Second Edition
ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition
18 © Oxford
© Oxford Fajar
© Oxford
©
Fajar Sdn.
Oxford Fajar
Sdn. Bhd.
Fajar Sdn.
Bhd. 2016
Sdn. Bhd.
2018
Bhd. 2015
2015