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Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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Stress Rate,
Loaded Cross Loaded Area, in.2 Loading Rate, Strain Rate,A
Refractory Type Size, in. (mm) lbf/in.2/min
Section, in. (mm) mm2) lbf/min (kN/min) in./min (mm/min)
(MPa/min)
Refractory Brick and Shapes
Density >100 lb/ft3 (>1.60 gm/cm3), or 23232 232 4 1750B 7000B 0.05B
<45 % true porosity, or both (51 3 51 3 51) (51 3 51) (2601) (12) (31.2) (1.3)
(Includes regular or high strength castables 2 diameter 3 2 2, diameter 3.14 1750B 5500B 0.05B
and fired plastic or rammed refractories) (51 diameter 3 51) (51, diameter) (2027) (12) (24.3) (1.3)
Insulating Refractories
Density <100 lb/ft3 (<1.60 gm/cm3), or 4.5 3 4.5 3 2.5C,D 4.5 3 4.5 20.25 435 8809 0.05
>45 % true porosity, or both (114 3 114 3 64) (114 3 114) (13 064) (3) (39) (1.3)
(Includes dried, unfired plastic or rammed 4.5 3 4.5 3 3C,D 4.5 3 4.5 20.25 435 8809 0.05
refractories) (114 3 114 3 76) (114 3 114) (13 064) (3) (39) (1.3)
2 3 2 3 2D,E 232 4 435 1740 0.05
(51 3 51 3 51) (51 3 51) (2601) (3) (7.80) (1.3)
2 diameter 3 2E 2, diameter 3.14 435 1367 0.05
(51 diameter 3 51) (51, diameter) (2027) (3) (6.08) (1.3)
A
Where possible, loading at a constant stress rate is preferable to constant strain rate loading.
B
For dense refractory brick and shapes requiring more than a 3-min test duration, specimens may be loaded to one half of the anticipated fracture strength at any
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convenient rate exceeding that specified.
C
These sizes are preferred for insulating firebricks.
D
These pieces may be cut from broken halves of MOR specimens.
E
These sizes are preferred for insulating castables.
NOTE—The dimensions appearing in Fig. 2 are in inches. See table below for metric equivalents.
in. mm in. mm
⁄
3 16 5 11⁄2 38
⁄
14 6 2 51
3⁄8 10 3 76
1⁄2 13 4 102
5⁄8 16 41⁄2 114
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3⁄4 19 5 127
1 25 7 178
11⁄4 32 12 305
12. Procedure
12.1 At least five specimens from an equivalent number of
refractory shapes compose a sample.
NOTE 5—For relatively weak specimens like insulating refractories, a
minimum sample size of ten specimens is preferred.
Stress Rate,
Specimen Size, Cross Section, Loading Rate, Strain Rate,A
Refractory Type Span, in. (mm) lbf/in.2/min
in. (mm) in. (mm) lbf/min (kN/min) in./min (mm/min)
(MPa/min)
Refractory Brick and Shapes
Density >100 lb/ft3 (>1.60 g/cm3) or <45 % 9 3 4.5 3 2.5B 4.5 3 2.5 7 1305 3496 0.05
porosity, or both (228 3 114 3 64) (114 3 64) (178) (9) (15.55) (1.3)
(Includes regular or high-strength castables 9 3 4.5 3 3B 4.5 3 3 7 1305 5034 0.05
and fired plastic or rammed refractories) (228 3 114 3 76) (114 3 76) (178) (9) (22.39) (1.3)
9 3 2 3 2C 232 7 1305 994 0.05
(228 3 51 3 51) (51 3 51) (178) (9) (4.42) (1.3)
63131 131 5 1305 174 0.05
(152 3 25 3 25) (25 3 25) (127) (9) (0.774) (1.3)
Insulating Refractories
Density <100 lb/ft (<1.60 g/cm ), or >45 % 3 3
9 3 4.5 3 2.5B
4.5 3 2.5 7 435 1165 0.05
true porosity, or both (228 3 114 3 64) (114 3 64) (178) (3) (5.18) (1.3)
(Includes dried, unfired plastic or rammed 9 3 4.5 3 3B 4.5 3 3 7 435 1678 0.05
refractories) (228 3 114 3 76) (114 3 76) (178) (3) (7.46) (1.3)
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15.2.2 Reproducibility—The maximum permissible differ- 15.3 Bias—No justifiable statement can be made on the bias
ence due to test error between two test results obtained by two of the test method for measuring the modulus of rupture of
operators in different laboratories on the same material using refractories because the value of the modulus of rupture can be
the same test equipment is given by the reproducibility interval defined only in terms of a test method.
(R) and the relative reproducibility interval (% R). The 95 %
reproducibility intervals are given in Table 3 and Table 4. Two 16. Keywords
test results that do not differ by more than the reproducibility
interval will be considered to be from the same population; 16.1 crushing strength; modulus of rupture; monolithic
conversely, two test results that do differ by more than the refractories; refractory brick; room temperature
reproducibility interval will be considered to be from different
populations.
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