Adventist Youth Honors Answer

Book/Arts and Crafts/Lighthouses

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Lighthouses
Skill Level 1
Arts and Crafts
North American Division Original Honor 2007

This honor was introduced in 2007, but the patch for it is not yet
available. Please do not request it from AdventSource until after
August 2007.

The requirements listed for this honor are those proposed to the NAD.
The NAD has accepted the honor, but has not yet released the official
requirements. It is not known whether the official requirements differ
from the proposed requirements, but once that information is
available, this page will be updated.

The NAD has recently adopted the practice of not releasing the official
requirements (and answers) until after the honor patches have been
received by AdventSource. This takes several months, so we expect to
see the official documentation sometime in the summer of 2007.
Releasing the information sooner (as has been done in the past) causes
an undue burden on AdventSource, because they receive many phone
calls asking about the tokens.

Contents
[hide]
 1 1. What is a lighthouse?
o 1.1 a. What is the function of a lighthouse?
o 1.2 b. When were the first lighthouses built?
o 1.3 c. What is the name of the most famous ancient lighthouse?
o 1.4 d. What are people called who study lighthouses? Why?
o 1.5 e. Do all lighthouses have keepers? If not, how are they run?
 2 2. Draw five lighthouse forms/types being used today
 3 3. Research the name of the lenses used in lighthouses
 o 3.1 a. Study and explain what makes it so effective.
 4 4. Throughout history, what fuels were used for lighthouse lights?
 5 5. Do one of the following:a. Know the names and location of 5 lighthouses in
your state/province.b. Locate on a map the location of 10 lighthouses in your
country/division
 6 6. Are all lighthouses located along ocean shores?
o 6.1 a. If not, list other locations where you would find a lighthouse.
 7 7. What is the lighthouse service called in your country?
 8 8. When a lighthouse is a visible landmark seen from the ocean during the day it
can be identified by certain markings. What are these called?
 9 9. What is a foghorn?
o 9.1 a. Why would one be used at a lighthouse?
o 9.2 b. How far can a foghorn signal be heard?
 10 10. Lighthouses are often called "Lights"
o 10.1 a. Look in the Bible Concordance to find "lights" and discuss lights as
referred to in the Bible.
o 10.2 b. Explain why you think God's word is like a lighthouse.
o 10.3 c. Memorize John 8:12 NKJV
 11 11. Write a poem or story about a lighthouse light.a. Include thoughts of God's
"light"b. Read your story or poem to your group.

 12 12. List the references you used to learn about lighthouses

[edit] 1. What is a lighthouse?

[edit] a. What is the function of a lighthouse?

The function of a lighthouse is to serve as a navigational aid to ships.

[edit] b. When were the first lighthouses built?

The first lighthouse in recorded history is the Pharos Lighthouse in Alexandria, Egypt.
Built in 280 BC, it is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

[edit] c. What is the name of the most famous ancient lighthouse?

Perhaps the most famous lighthouse in history is the Lighthouse of Alexandria, built on
the island of Pharos in ancient Egypt.

[edit] d. What are people called who study lighthouses? Why?

People who study lighthouses are called pharologists, after the island of Pharos where the
famous lighthouse was constructed. Indeed, the name of the island is still used as the
noun for "lighthouse" in some languages, for example: French (phare), Italian and
Spanish (faro), Portuguese (farol), Swedish, Danish and Norwegian (fyr), Romanian (far)
and Greek (φάρος).

[edit] e. Do all lighthouses have keepers? If not, how are they run?

In the United States, only the lighthouse called Boston Light still has a keeper - all the
others are automated.

Even automated lighthouses need occasional maintenance, which the Coast Guard and
the National Park service do on a regular basis. However the day-to-day warning that
Lighthouses given is totally automatic with electronic machines that shine the (usually)
aero-marine beacon lights out to passing ships, just like the Fresnel-lenses and gas-lamp
mechanical masterpieces did in ages past.

More info: The Lantern Room

[edit] 2. Draw five lighthouse forms/types being used

today
Octagonal

Description: As the name implies, and

octagonal lighthouse has eight sides.
 Conical

Description: A conical lighthouse is

round with a taper, like an inverted ice
cream cone.

Cylindrical
Description: A cylindrical lighthouse is
round, having close to the same diameter
at the top as at the bottom.

Square
Description: A square lighthouse is four-
sided.

Skeletal

Description: A skeletal lighthouse has a

base made of steel beams and posts rather
than being composed of solid walls.

Sparkplug
 Description: A sparkplug lighthouse is
short, squat, and round, like the sparkplug
in an engine.

[edit] 3. Research the name of the lenses used in

lighthouses
Lighthouses most often use a Fresnel lens (pronounced fray-NELL).

[edit] a. Study and explain what makes it so effective.

1: Cross section of a Fresnel lens Close-up of a lighthouse lens

2: Cross section of a
conventional plano-convex lens
of equivalent power
A Fresnel lens is a type of lens invented by Augustin-Jean Fresnel. Originally developed
for lighthouses, the design enables the construction of lenses of large aperture and short
focal length without the weight and volume of material which would be required in
conventional lens design. Compared to earlier lenses, the Fresnel lens is much thinner,
thus passing more light and allowing lighthouses to be visible over much longer
distances.

The Fresnel lens reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional
spherical lens by breaking the lens into a set of concentric ring-like sections. These
concentric rings are shaped to point the light inward, focusing the light from all the rings
to a single point, much like a magnifying glass does (imagine hundreds of magnifying
glasses all working together!). Because there are so many ring-like lenses focusing light
on a single point, the light is very bright, and can be seen from miles away, even through
a thick fog.

[edit] 4. Throughout history, what fuels were used for

lighthouse lights?
The earliest lighthouses used wood and coal fires to make their light. Other fuels that
have been used include whale oil, lard, kerosene, and (lots of) candles. Today most
lighthouses are lit with electricity. The first lighthouse in the United States to use
electricity was the Statue of Liberty in 1886! Lady Liberty served her first 15 years as a
lighthouse.

[edit] 5. Do one of the following:

a. Know the names and location of 5 lighthouses in your
state/province.
b. Locate on a map the location of 10 lighthouses in
your country/division
The International Association of Marine Aids and Lighthouse Authorities is a good
resource to check out for meeting this requirement.

The U.S. Park Service has an Inventory of Historic Light Stations which lists lighthouses
from all over the United States, though this inventory is by no means exhaustive.

The Canadian Coast Guard has a List of Lights, Buoys and Fog Signals.

Another way to find lighthouses is by using an Internet search engine using the terms
"Lighthouse" and the name of your locality. If you cannot find five lighthouses in your
state or province, you may have to expand the search and find ten lighthouses in your
division instead.
[edit] 6. Are all lighthouses located along ocean shores?
No.

[edit] a. If not, list other locations where you would find a lighthouse.

Lighthouses are also located along major rivers and lake shores.

[edit] 7. What is the lighthouse service called in your

country?
In the United States and in Canada, the Coast Guard is responsible for the lighthouse
service. Other lighthouse services may be found by visiting The International Association
of Marine Aids and Lighthouse Authorities.

[edit] 8. When a lighthouse is a visible landmark seen

from the ocean during the day it can be identified by
certain markings. What are these called?
These markings are called daymarks. Lighthouses have unique daymarks so that they can
be distinguished from one another. If all lighthouses were round brick towers, a sailor
would have to have a pretty good idea of where he was to know which lighthouse he was
looking at. Instead, lighthouses are painted with easily distinguishable patterns. Often
these are red and white, or black and white. Daymarks can be bands, diamonds, squares,
rectangles, or any other shapes - so long as they can be seen from afar.

[edit] 9. What is a foghorn?

Foghorns are a navigation aid for mariners. In foggy conditions, when visual navigation
aids such as lighthouses are obscured by the weather, fog horns provide an audible
warning of rocks, headlands, or other dangers to shipping.

[edit] a. Why would one be used at a lighthouse?

Lighthouses are often built near shipping hazards such as rocks. It often becomes too
foggy to see a lighthouse at a safe distance from these hazards, so an audible signal is
needed instead.

[edit] b. How far can a foghorn signal be heard?

The noise produced by a foghorn is very deep, due to the fact that deep sounds are
audible to human ears at a greater distance than higher pitched ones. It is also very loud
so ships a considerable distance away can heed its warning. Some foghorns can be heard
up to six miles (9.6 km) away.

[edit] 10. Lighthouses are often called "Lights"

[edit] a. Look in the Bible Concordance to find "lights" and discuss lights
as referred to in the Bible.

 In Genesis 1:14-16, Psalm 136:7, and Ezekiel 32:8 refer to God making the lights
in the sky
 Luke 8:16 and Luke 11:33 talk about putting a light under a basket verses on a
lampstand where everyone can see it.
 In Acts 16:29 the jailer calls for lights to see if Paul and Silas had escaped from
jail.

In all of these cases, the lights are there as an aid to seeing. Sometimes the light is so we
can see physically, and sometimes so we can see spiritually.

The instances here are limited to the plural noun "lights" and do not include the singular
form "light" or the use of light (or lights) as a verb. You may wish to expand the search to
include those.

[edit] b. Explain why you think God's word is like a lighthouse.

Just as a lighthouse guides ships, God's word shows us the way to happiness and away
from destruction.

[edit] c. Memorize John 8:12 NKJV

Then Jesus spoke to them again, saying, “I am the light of the world. He who follows Me
shall not walk in darkness, but have the light of life.” John 8:12 NKJV

[edit] 11. Write a poem or story about a lighthouse light.

a. Include thoughts of God's "light"
b. Read your story or poem to your group.
There are various forms of poetry, including traditional rhyming poems or non-rhyming
ones. Haiku is a form of Japanese poetry containing three lines: the first line has five
syllables, the second has seven, and the third has five. The Bible is full of poetry as well,
though it is in a form unfamiliar to most English speakers. Biblical poetry repeats an idea
using different words. Consider the full text of Psalm 136:7-9 (NKJV):

To Him who made great lights,

For His mercy endures forever—
The sun to rule by day,
For His mercy endures forever;
The moon and stars to rule by night,
For His mercy endures forever.

Notice how the first line speaks of the great lights, and is followed by a verse meaning
the same thing, but with different detail. Also notice how "For His mercy endures
forever" is repeated between each expression of the idea.

Have fun with this.

[edit] 12. List the references you used to learn about

lighthouses
We obviously don't know which references you will use, but here are the ones that were
used to put these answers together:

 U.S. Coast Guard Lighthouses Curriculum

 Wikipedia article on Lighthouses

 Overfalls Maritime Museum Foundation Overfalls Lighthship online exhibit.