[TITLE HERE, UP TO 12 WORDS, ON ONE - THREE LINES.

TITLE HERE, TAHOMA, 12, BOLD, USING

INVERTED PYRAMID STYLE]

A Research

Submitted to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department

Rofulo M. Landa High School

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

Practical Research 1

By

Lemuel A. Arangorin

Month Year (Tahoma, 12)

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 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

This should be at least 2-4 pages long.

First Part – Introduce your topic or problem that you want to study. It

must be a striking statement (1-2 sentences).

Second Part – Short background of the study with 7-10 related

literature/studies and at least 15 in-text citations. Search the internet for related

studies and literatures (RRLs) that could provide supporting information about

your topic as well as the key ideas of your research and incorporate it in your

Background of the Study in at least 3-4 paragraphs (Arangorin, 2021). In-text

citations should follow the APA 7th Edition format [e.g., Arangorin et al. (2021);

(Arangorin, 2021); and so on]. According to Arangorin et al. (2021), it is better if

the references will come from variety of sources (e.g., global, regional, or local).

Present any research gap or the areas that are not well studied from

existing literatures and studies which you would tackle or focus on in your

present study.

Third Part – Discuss your rationale or justifications for conducting the

research study. This will revolve around the gaps that you want to address in the

research. Avoid using, I or we; instead, use the 3rd person (e.g., This study is

conducted to…).

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Statement of the Problem

[State the general objective of the study.] This study aims to

determine________________________________, to develop a

______________________________________________________.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

[Present the specific objective in question form (3-5 questions)]

1. What

2. What

3. What

Hypothesis (for quantitative study with inferential statistics, significant difference, or

significant relationship) The following hypotheses are samples only.

Null Hypothesis (H0):

1. There is no significant difference towards the perception of parents when

grouped according to their profile variables. Or

2. There is a significant relationship between self - esteem and academic

performance of students.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha):

1. There is a significant difference towards the perception of parents when

grouped according to their profile variables. Or

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 2. There is a significant relationship between self - esteem and academic

performance of students.

Conceptual Framework

The above diagram should indicate the conceptual framework of the

study. You may use the IPO Model or the IV-DV Model. The content of the

diagram may be modified depending on your research variables. The contents

are typically boxed but you may use other shapes to better illustrate the

relationships of the variables. Afterwards, briefly describe your conceptual

framework in at least 1-2 paragraphs. Support your descriptions or explanations

using RRLs with citations to make it stronger.

Scope and Delimitations

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 This study is focused on determining (state your scope; this part is much

like your title or objective stated differently). The study will be conducted at

(state the place where your study will be conducted).

This study will involve (include your choices in terms of your respondents

and other variables). Include possible limitations that you anticipate during your

study and that could affect your future results.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will be beneficial to the following groups of

people (state the main stakeholders who will benefit from your study; the

following stakeholders are samples only):

Department of Education. DepEd may use the findings of this study in order

to formulate resources that will help improve the _________________________.

DepEd Officials. The findings will aid instructional managers and supervisors

who are concerned in implementing the

___________________________________.

School. The findings will serve as an opportunity for schools to come up with

_____________________________________________________________.

Teachers. The findings will be of help for teachers in _____________________.

Future Researchers. Educational researchers could draw from this study the

information which may be relevant to their own areas or field of study.

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 Definition of Terms (separate page)

For a clearer understanding of this study, the following terms were

defined operationally:

A Term. This is the section where you explain the key terms used in the

study. Each definition should start with “This refers to…”.

B Term. Terms that are defined must be arranged alphabetically.

C Term. Acronyms must be spelled out fully.

D Term. Avoid giving definition to terms that have already clear and

accepted meaning.

E Term. Terms must be defined how it is used in the study (operational

definition).

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 Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY

This chapter details the methods to be used in gathering information

about (state your topic). This includes the research design, respondents and

location, research instruments, data collection methods, and data analysis

methods.

Research Design

Based on your research topic, choose the most appropriate quantitative

research design. State your chosen research design in at least 1 sentence. This

should be followed by a short definition or description of the research design

from relevant RRLs in at least 1-2 paragraphs.

Lastly, justify the use or appropriateness of your chosen research design

in your research study.

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Respondents, Sampling and Location (Note: Use Research Locale for

STEM)

The participants of this study will come from the (state the participants or

locale; e.g., STEM 12 students of Rofulo M. Landa Memorial High School,

Palauig, Zambales). This study will involve a total of (how many participants?).

For STEM students, just specify the locale of the study: where is your study

conducted?

The sample of this study will be selected using (state the sampling

technique which you plan to use to obtain your sample size/total number of

participants). Briefly define the sampling technique and its use using relevant

literatures or sources plus citations (Arangorin, 2021).

Instruments

State your chosen research instrument (e.g., questionnaire, interview,

observation and experimentation, and so on). Give a brief description or

definition of that research instrument. Describe the validity of the said

instrument using related literatures or sources along with citations.

Data Collection

State how you plan to collect data that will answer your SOP. You may

state coordination with concerned individuals or agencies on the first paragraph.

For the succeeding paragraphs state the actual procedure of data collection

followed by ethical considerations. Sample data collection method is provided

below for your own modification.

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 The survey questionnaire will be distributed through e-mail, Facebook

messenger, and other online platforms. Informed consent will be found in the

beginning of the questionnaire, where they were asked to read and check the

box as a sign of agreement. Respondents will be allowed to discontinue the

questionnaire if he/she does not want to be a part of the study.

Participants will be oriented to the purpose of the research and will be

advised that their participation is voluntary. The result of the findings will also be

made available for the participants.

The names of the participants will not be revealed to maintain privacy and

confidentiality of their responses as per ethics in research explained by Fraenkel

(2003).

The researcher will inform the participants about his/her rights, the

purpose of the study, the procedures to be undergone, and the potential risks

and benefits. The principle of privacy, anonymity, and confidentiality will be

undertaken by the researcher to ensure the non-disclosure of the identity and

the data that were gathered of and to those participating in the study.

Data Analysis

This section should detail how you would analyze the data gathered after

data collection. Will you subject it to statistical treatments? What statistics will

you use? Note: to test your hypothesis about significant relationships, you may

use Pearson-r or Spearman’s rho; to test your hypothesis about significant

differences, you may use t-test for 2 groups or ANOVA for 3 of multiple-groups.

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Give a short description of how you’re going to use it in at least one sentence. A

sample data analysis method is provided below for your own modification.

The gathered data will be subjected to the following data analysis methods:

1. Frequency and Percentage. This will be used to interpret the different

profile variables of the respondents in this study.

2. Weighted Mean. It is a mean where there are some variations in the

relative contribution of individual data values to the mean. Each data

value has a weight assigned to it. Data values with larger weights

contribute more to the weighted mean and data values with smaller

weights contribute less to the weighted mean. Weighted mean was used

in this study because each individual data value might actually represent a

value that is used by multiple people in the sample. The weight, then, is

the number of people associated with the particular value.

3. Pearson-r. This will be utilized to test the significant relationship between

the (state the variables you want to relate). It is very helpful statistical

formula that measures the strength between variables and relationship.

4. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). It was to measure the significant

difference on the level of perceptions when grouped according to the

profile of the respondents. Whenever the t-test is not the appropriate tool

to use, as in cases where there are three (3) or more groups of variables

to be tested, the ANOVA or F will be resorted to. This tool is considered

appropriate because Downie and Heath as mentioned by Ballares (1999),

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 stressed that the Analysis of Variance or F is one of the most widely used

and highly developed statistical method in the modern research. The

Analysis of Variance will be computed using the Data XL Version 1.0 excel

software add in by Neil Weiss. Decision Criteria: The computed value was

compared against the tabular value at 0.05 level of significance and the

decision on whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis was based on

the following criteria:

a. Reject the null hypothesis (Ho) if computed value is equal or

greater than the absolute tabular value.

b. Accept the null hypothesis (Ho) if computed value is less than

the absolute tabular value.

References

Aftab, M., and Khatoon, T. (2012). Demographic differences and occupational

stress of secondary school teachers. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 8(5).
Retrieved 29 March 2021, from
https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/90

Agai–Demjaha, T., Bislimovska, J. K., y Mijakoski, D. (2015). Level of work

related stress among teachers in elementary schools. Macedonian Journal
of Medical Sciences, 3(3), 484-488.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.076. Retrieved 29 March 2021,
from https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/IJERI/article/view/5284

Ahsan N, Abdullah Z, Alam SS (2009). A study of job stress on job satisfaction

among university staff in Malaysia: Empirical Study. European Journal of
Social Science, 2009; 8:121-131. Retrieved 29 March 2021, from
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.468.9996&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Airwan, N., & Arumungam, T. (2020). Factors Influencing OrganisationalStress

AmongEducators in Higher Education in Brunei Darussalam. Electronic
Journal Of Business & Management. Retrieved 29 March 2021, from

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 https://docplayer.net/199317423-Factors-influencing-organisational-stress-
among-educators-in-higher-education-in-brunei-darussalam.html

Akbar, A., & Akhter, W. (2011). Faculty stress at higher education: A study of the
business schools of Pakistan. International Journal of Social, Behavioral,
Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 5(1), 93-97.
Retrieved 29 March 2021, from
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.997.9484&rep=rep1&type=pdf

APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A. Questionnaire

(Insert your questionnaire here.)

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