02138020/CAPE/KMS 2018

C A R I B B E A N E X A M I N A T I O N S C O U N C I L

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATIONS®

PHYSICS

UNIT 1 – PAPER 02

KEY AND MARK SCHEME

MAY/JUNE 2018
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02138020/CAPE/KMS 2018
PHYSICS
UNIT 1 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 1.

S.O [3.3, 3.8, 3.15]

KC UK XS

(a) “Newton’s first law of motion” states that a body

will continue in its state of rest or uniform motion/constant
velocity in a straight line (1),
unless a resultant/unbalanced/net external force (1) 2
makes it behave differently.

1 mark for each underlined point

(b) (i) Scale (linear & more than ½ of page) – 1 mark

Axes (quantities & units & corr.orientation) - 1 mark
Line of best fit (any reasonable line) -1 mark
5
Plot points (6 to 7 correct)– 2 marks
(5 to 6 correct) – (1)
(< 5 correct) = (0)

(ii) Maximum height - Point at which the line cuts the X-

axis
1
= 3.0 s +/- 5% (1)

(iii) At maximum height, v = 0 m/s.

V2 = u2 + 2 as (where u = 25 m/s) (1)

3
therefore, 0 = 252 + 2 × (-9.8) × s (1)
and hence s = 31.9 m (1)

(iv) P.E = mgh (1)

= 0.02 × 9.8 × 31.9 = 6.25 J (1)
2
Alternative solution: ½ mv2 = K.E = P.E (1)
=0.5 x 0.02 x 25 x 25 = 6.25 J (1)

(v) The value of P.E. calculated would be smaller (1)

because some energy would be converted to heat energy 2
(1) OR any other reasonable explanation.

Total 15 Marks 2 7 6
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02138020/CAPE/KMS 2018
PHYSICS
UNIT 1 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 2.

S.O [2.5, 2.10, 3.5]

KC UK XS

(a) (i) Loudness of a sound is related to the intensity and

hence the energy of the sound wave. (1)

(ii) Pitch of a sound is determined by the frequency (or

wavelength) of the sound.(1) 3

(iii) The quality of a sound is determined by the relative

strengths of the overtones. (1)

(b)
f/Hz V/m3 1/√𝑽
225 250 × 10-6 63.2
255 200 × 10-6 70.7
290 150 × 10-6 81.6
320 125 × 10-6 89.4
350 100 × 10-6 100.0
400 80 × 10-6 111.8
445 65 × 10-6 124.0

(i) Completed Column 3 (All 7 correct) - 2 marks

(5 to 6 correct) – 1 mark 2
(< 5 correct) – 0 mark

(ii) Scale (linear & more than ½ page) – 1 mark

Axes (quantities & units & corr. Orientation) - 1
mark
Line of best fit - 1 mark
4
Plot points (5 to 7 correct) – 1 mark
< 5 correct - 0 marks
[Insist on Unit for quantities on the graph]

(iii) Gradient = (y2 – y1) / (x2 – x1)

1
(read-off values (1 XS)
= (434 – 212) / (120-61) (1) (correct 2
substitution (1)
= 3.8 Hz m1.5 (1)
(answer (1)) (accept 3.2 – 4.0)

(c)
A
Slope = c/2  (1) rearranging formula
L
to extract slope

3.8  2 3
c = (1) rearrange to make c the subj.
4
2.50  10
5.8  102
& substn)
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02138020/CAPE/KMS 2018
PHYSICS
UNIT 1 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

c = 361.6 m/s (1) (accept 340.0m/s to 385m/s)

(calculation)

Total 15 Marks 3 7 5
Question 2. (continued)
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02138020/CAPE/KMS 2018
PHYSICS
UNIT 1 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 3.

S.O [6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10]

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02138020/CAPE/KMS 2018
PHYSICS
UNIT 1 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

KC UK XS

(a)

6
(must have a Vernier to measure the very small
extensions)

 Measure the diameter of the wire and hence determine its

Cross Sectional Area, A. (1)
 Measure the length, l0, of the wire. (1)
 Vary the weights and note the corresponding extensions
(1). .
 Plot a graph of weight versus extension and determine its
gradient (1)
 Young’s modulus = (Gradient × l/a) (1).

1 mark for diagram

1 mark for each step up to 5 marks

(b) (i) Best fit line through the Origin (1)

1

(ii) Energy density = area under the graph (1 for method to

determine area)
3
Accept (1.54 to 1.86) x 105 J m-3 (1 actual
determination of area)
= (1.54 to 1.86 x 10-4 × J mm-3 (1 Unit
conversion)

(c) (i) Stress / Strain(steel) = 2 × 1011;

(1)
Stress / Strain(copper) = 1.2 × 1011
Strain(steel) / Strain(copper) = 1.2 × 1011 / 2 × 1011 = 0.6 2
(1)
(not accepting 5:3 ratio for ratio of Strain
(steel)/Strain (copper))

(ii) esteel / ecopper = 0.6 (Eqn1) (1) recog. ratio of strains

= ratio of extns. 3
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PHYSICS
UNIT 1 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

esteel + ecopper = 0.0003 (Eqn 2)

Substn. eqn 1 into eqn 2

0.6ecopper + ecopper = 0.0003 (1)

Therefore, ecopper = 0.0003 / 1.6 = 0.00019m (1)

Total 15 marks 8 7

Question 4.

S.O [4.2, 4.4, 4.5]

KC UK XS
 Frictional forces(FF) act to oppose the tendency of a body
(a) to move
 FF act to slow down a body that is in motion (dynamic
friction)
 [FF oppose forces which tend to move/accelerate a body] –
2 points above included in this statement.
 It is a force which acts between two surfaces in contact
 Its magnitude is proportional to the normal forces acting 3
on the 2 surfaces
 Accept example/examples for 1 mark
(NATURE) Any 3 will be accepted (3marks)

 It is due to the roughness of surfaces which are in contact 1

(1 mark), (CAUSE).

 A minimum force is needed to cause a body at rest to begin

moving (1) 2
 Friction causes the slowing downing of a body already in
motion (1)
 Friction causes the K.E of a moving body to be converted
into heat energy(1)
 Can induce static electricity (1)
(EFFECT) (2 marks)
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02138020/CAPE/KMS 2018
PHYSICS
UNIT 1 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

(b) (i)  Weight, W acting downwards at midpoint of ladder AND

length of ladder. (1)

 Frictional force, F at base of ladder acting along 4

the ground towards the wall AND base at 3.2 m away
from wall. (1)

 Reaction force, S, at base of ladder acting upwards

also 3.2 m away from wall. (1)

 Reaction force, R, at top of ladder acting away from

the wall.(1)
(For ease of marking)
4 Forces shown (3 marks); 2 distances shown (1 mark)
– subtract a mark for any missing.

(b) (ii) The total/net torque about A is zero (1) Recog.

moments has to be take OR statement of PoM

Therefore, (F × 4.5) + (245 × 1.6) = S × 3.2

4.5 F + 392 = 3.2 S 5
(1) Moments correctly taken
But S = 245 N (no resultant vertical/upward forces =
downward forces) (1)
Therefore, 4.5F + 392 = 784 (1)
i.e. F = 87.1 N
(1)

Total 15 marks 6 9 -

Question 5

S.O. [1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4]

KC UK XS
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02138020/CAPE/KMS 2018
PHYSICS
UNIT 1 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

(a) Simple harmonic motion refers to the motion of a particle

whose acceleration is always:
 directed towards a fixed point and (1)
2
 directly proportional to its distance from that
point.(1)

(b) a = -ω2 𝑥 (2) (1 mark for the equation AND 1

2
mark for the minus sign)

(c) The total energy (sum of P.E. and K.E) is constant OR total
energy of the oscillator is being interchanged between kinetic
and potential. (1)
P.E. maximum; K.E. =0; on the ends of the oscillation.
(1)
K.E. maximum; P.E = 0; at the midpoint of oscillation. 3
(1)

Accept also (for 2 marks)

Non-zero P.E. and K.E. at all points between both ends and the
midpoint of oscillation.

(d) (i) Maximum speed occurs when x = 0

i.e. Vmax = ωA = 0.785 × 5.0 = 3.9m/s 1
(1)
1
(ii) Maximum Kinetic Energy = mv2 = 0.5 × 2.0 × (3.9)2
2
(1) 2
= 15.2 J (1)

(e) (i) T = 2π/v OR T = (2πr)/v

(1)
(v = rω → ω = v/r)

2 r 2  3.14  2 3
Therefore T = = = 2.5 seconds (1)subst;
 5
(1)ans.
Alternatively, T = 2π/ω (1); Calculation of ω (1); Calculation of T
(1)

(ii) T = 2π √ l / g 

= 2 × 3.14 × (2 / 9.8) (1) substn. 2

= 2.8 seconds (1) ans.

Total 15 marks 8 7 -
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02138020/CAPE/KMS 2018
PHYSICS
UNIT 1 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 6

S.O [4.1, 4.3, 5.5, 5.6]

KC UK XS

(a) PV = nRT
(1)
n = PV / RT = (1.03 × 105 × 2.80 × 10-4) / (8.31 × 305) (1) 3
= 1.14 × 10-2 moles.
(1)

(b) (i)  First law of thermodynamics: ∆U = ∆Q + ∆W (accept

any form as long as what follows is consistent.
(1)
 Since it’s an adiabatic compression ∆Q = 0 and ∆W
is positive the work done on the gas is positive. 3
(1)
 Hence ∆U is increasing & since temp. of a gas and
its internal energy are directly proportional, the
temperature rises (1).

(ii)  When a gas is compressed, the molecules of the gas

collide with greater frequency. (1)
 As the piston moves down, molecules hitting the
piston rebound with a greater velocity and hence 3
their K.E. increases since K.E. = ½ mv2. (1)
 The temperature of a gas is directly related to the
average K.E. of the molecules, so if K.E. increases,
the temperature will increase. (1)

(c) (P1V1 / T1) = (P2V2 / T2)

P1 = 1.03 × 105 Pa; V1 = 2.80 × 10-4 m3; T1 = 305 K (1)
substn.
P2 = ? ; V2 = 3.4 × 10-5 m3; T2 = 795 K 2
Therefore P2 = (P1V1 / T1) × T2/V2
So P2 = 2.22 × 106 Pa
(1) Ans

(d) ∆U = ∆Q + ∆W
Since no heat is added to the system, ∆Q = 0 1
So, ∆U = ∆W = 85 J (1)

(e) E = n Cv ∆θ
(1)
∆θ = 795 – 305 = 490 K
n = 1.14 × 10-2 moles (1)
3
Substn. of all values
E = 85 J
So Cv = E/n ∆θ
= 85 / (1.14 × 10-2 x 490) = 15.23 J mol-1 K-1 (1) ans.
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02138020/CAPE/KMS 2018
PHYSICS
UNIT 1 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Total 15 marks 6 9 -