GENERAL CLINICAL EXAMINATION

• How to take the patient’s history

• Compliance (what is it)
• Semeiotics
• Examination of inguinal area
• Dysphagia
• Cough
• Dyspnoea
• Cyanosis
• Tachypnoea
• Oedema
• Neck examination, neck lump, masses and differential diagnosis
• Hernias (abdominal, inguinal)
• Hiccups
• Urinary output, polyurea, oliguria
• Syncope

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• Diabetes
• Haemoglobin glycosylation
• OGTT
• Toxic adenoma
• Plummer Disease
• Hashimoto thyroiditis
• HPA Axis
• Thyroid examination
• Parathyroid (hypo/hypethyroidism)
• Goiter Thyroid
• Obesity

BREAST SYMPTOMATOLOGY

• Breast examination
• Breast anatomy
• Galactoforitis
• Prolactinoma
• Diagnosis of breast cancer in women <40 y.o.

ABDOMEN

• McBurney sign (appendicitis)

• Blumberg sign (peritonitis)
• Abdominal pain
• Acute abdomen
• Abdominal pain and diarrhoea *
• Perforated ulcer
• Acute pancreatitis signs and symptoms
• GI tract obstruction
• Cullen sign (intraperitoneal haemorrhage)
 • Diverticulitis
• Regional division of the abdomen
• Cirrhosis, pathogenicity, aetiology, exams, complications
• Which conditions do not give acute abdomen but are an emergency? (intestinal obstruction?)
• Ileus (impaired intestinal motility)

THORAX

• Thorax examination
• Chest pain (cause pleuritiche, cause osteoarticolari)
• Assessment of fremitus, what causes it

CARDIOVASCULAR SYMPTOMATOLOGY

• Physical examination of the heart

• Pathologies detectable using cardiac sounds and murmurs
• Phases of cardiac cycle
• Definition of cardiac sounds and murmurs
• Specific of mitral regurgitation
• Ventricular and Atrial fibrillation
• Hypertension
• AAA (aneurysm of abdominal aorta)
• Blood pressure
• Heart failure (right sided, left sided)
• Cardiac auscultation, mitral stenosis
• Right/left side heart failure
• Chronic (Congestive) heart failure
• Systemic and pulmonary circulation (pressure values and anatomic differences)
• Difference of pain in heart failure and angina (generalities and difference in pain duration)
• Sign typical of heart failure and angina (less in angina more in heart failure) cold sweating
• Atherosclerosis (risk factors)
• Role of LDL, HDL
• JVP and heart failure
• Electrocardiogram
• Heartburn and Dyspnoea
• Korotkoff sound

PULMUNARY SYMPTOMATOLOGY

• Pulmonary emphysema
• COPD
• Asthma
• Pneumonia (physical examination, percussion)
• Pulmonary embolism
• Pneumothorax
• Why do we start auscultation at the bottom of the lungs?
• Dyspnea: how many types, what do we ask to the patient, why do you ask these questions
• Auscultation in pneumonia (you can hear the soffiobronchiolare which is a bronchial murmur)
CANALE
GALLÙ
SICA
TESAURO