Tricks to find Maximum and Minimum Value of Trigonometric Identity

Type-I

In case of sec2x, cosec2x, cot2x and tan2x, we cannot find the maximum value because they can
have infinity as their maximum value. So, in question containing these trigonometric identities,
you will be asked to find the minimum values only. The typical question forms are listed below:

Example: -1

Find the Minimum value of 9 cos 2x + 2 sec 2x

sol - this equation is a typical example of our type-3 so apply the formula 2√ ab so,

• Minimum Value = 2√ 9 x 2= 2√ 18

Example-2:

Find the Minimum value of 8 tan 2x + 7 cot 2x

sol - this equation is a typical example of our type-3 so apply the formula 2√ ab so,

• Minimum Value = 2√ 8 x 7= 2√ 56

Type II

Example -1

Find the Maximum and Minimum Value of 3 sin x + 4 cos y

Sol- If you find the question of this kind, apply the above formulae.
 • Maximum Value = √ 9 + 16 = √ 25 = 5
• Minimum Value = - √ 9 + 16 = - √ 25 = - 5

Example-2

Find the Maximum and Minimum Value of 3 sin x + 2 cos y

Sol- If you find the question of this kind, apply the above formulae.

• Maximum Value = √ 9 + 4 = √ 13
• Minimum Value = - √ 9 + 4 = - √ 13

Type III

Example -1: Find the maximum and Minimum Value of 3 sin 2x + 4 cos 2x

Sol- Here the 4> 3 so

• Maximum Value = 4
• Minimum Value = 3

Example –2: Find the maximum and Minimum Value of 5 sin 2x + 3 cos 2x

Sol - Here 5>3

• Maximum Value = 5
• Minimum Value = 3

Type IV

Find the Minimum Value of Sec 2x + cosec 2x

Sol - 1 + tan 2x + cosec 2x --------------------------------------------(Sec 2x = 1 + tan 2x)

= 1+ tan 2x + 1 + cot 2x ------------------------------------------------(cosec 2x = 1 + cot 2x )

=2 + tan 2x + cot 2x---------------------------------------------------apply type-3 formula

=2 + 2 √ 1 x 1 = 2 + 2 =4

Important Short Tricks on Trigonometric Identities

Pythagorean Identities

• sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
• tan2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ
• cot2 θ + 1 = cosec2 θ

Negative of a Function

• sin (–x) = –sin x

• cos (–x) = cos x
• tan (–x) = –tan x
• cosec (–x) = –cosec x
• sec (–x) = sec x
• cot (–x) = –cot x

If A + B = 90o, Then

• Sin A = Cos B
• Sin2A + Sin2B = Cos2A + Cos2B = 1
• Tan A = Cot B
• Sec A = Cosec B

For example:

If tan (x+y) tan (x-y) = 1, then find tan (2x/3)?

Solution:

If A+B = 90°, then

Tan A = Cot B or Tan A×Tan B = 1

So, A +B = 90o

(x+y)+(x-y) = 90o, 2x = 90o , x = 45o

Tan (2x/3) = tan 30o = 1/√3

If A - B = 90o, and (A › B) Then,

• Sin A = Cos B
• Cos A = - Sin B
• Tan A = - Cot B
• Cosec A = - Sec B
• Sec A = Cosec B

If A ± B = 180o, then

• Cos A = - Cos B

If A + B = 180o

Then,

• Sin A = Sin B
• tan A = - tan B

If A - B = 180o

Then,

• Sin A = - Sin B
• tan A = tan B

If A + B + C = 180o, then

Tan A + Tan B +Tan C = Tan A * Tan B *Tan C

sin θ * sin 2θ * sin 4θ = ¼ sin 3θ

cos θ * cos 2θ * cos 4θ = ¼ cos 3θ

For Example: What is the value of cos 20o cos 40o cos 60o cos 80o?

Solution: We know, cos θ * cos 2θ * cos 4θ = ¼ cos 3θ

Now, (cos 20o cos 40o cos 80o ) cos 60o

¼ (Cos 3*20) * cos 60o

¼ Cos2 60o = ¼ * (½)2 = 1/16

If a sin θ + b cos θ = m & a cos θ - b sin θ = n

then a2 + b2 = m2 + n2

For Example:

If 4 sin θ + 3 cos θ = 2, then find the value of 4 cos θ - 3 sin θ:

Solution:

Let 4 cos θ - 3 sin θ = x

By using formulae a2 + b2 = m2 + n2

42 + 32 = 22 + x2

16 + 9 = 4 + x2

X = √21

If

sin θ + cos θ = p & cosec θ + sec θ = q

then p – (1/p) = 2/q

For Example:

If sin θ + cos θ = √2, then find the value of cosec θ + sec θ:

Solution:

By using formulae:

P – (1/p) = 2/q

√2-(1/√2) = 1/√2 = 2/q

q = 2√2 or cosec θ + sec θ = 2√2

If

a cot θ + b cosec θ = m & a cosec θ + b cot θ = n

then b2 - a2 = m2 - n2

If
cot θ + cos θ = x & cot θ - cos θ = y

then x2 - y2 = 4 √xy

If

tan θ + sin θ = x & tan θ - sin θ = y

then x2 - y2 = 4 √xy

If

y = a2 sin2x + b2 cosec2x + c

y = a2 cos2x + b2 sec2x + c

y = a2 tan2x + b2 cot2x + c

then,

ymin = 2ab + c

ymax = not defined

For Example:

If y = 9 sin2 x + 16 cosec2 x + 4 then ymin is:

Solution:

For, y min = 2* √9 * √16 + 4

= 2*3*4 + 20 = 24 + 4 = 28

If

y = a sin x + b cos x + c

y = a tan x + b cot x + c

y = a sec x + b cosec x + c

then, ymin = - [√(a2+b2)] + c

ymax = + [√(a2+b2)] + c
For Example:

If y = 1/(12sin x + 5 cos x +20) then ymax is:

Solution:

For, y max = 1/x min

= 1/[- (√122 +52) +20] = 1/(-13+20) = 1/7

Sin2 θ, maxima value = 1, minima value = 0

Cos2 θ, maxima value = 1, minima value = 0

Here are some important questions of Trigonometric identities.

(1)Value of is

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)None of these

Ans.(a)

is equal to

(2)If is acute and then is equal to

(a)

(b)3

(c) 2
(d) 4

Ans. (c)

If sum of the inversely proportional value is 2

i.e if . then

so =2

or we can put = 45°

(3)The simplified value of(Secx Secy + tanx tany)2 - (Secx tany + tanx Secy)2 is

(a)-1

(b)0

(c)sec2x

(d)1

Ans. (d)

The simplified value of (Secx Secy + tanx tany)2 - (Secx tany + tanx Secy)2 is obtained by putting x
= y = 45°

= (√2×√2 + 1×1)2 - (√2×1 + 1×√2)2

= (2+1)2 - (√2+√2)2

=(3)2 - (2√2)2

=9-8=1

(4) Find the value of

(a) 1
(b) -1

(c) 2

(d) -2

Ans. (c)

put

(5) If then is equal

(a)7/4

(b) 7/2

(c)5/2

(d)5/4

Ans. (d)

as we know that

on solving we get sec = 5/4

Note:if x+y=a

and x-y=b

then x=(a+b)/2 and y=(x-y)/2

 Important Questions on Max and Min value of Trigonometric Identities

Limit of the values of Trigonometric Functions:

(1)

(2)
(3)
(4)

(5)

(6)

QUESTIONS

(1)The greatest value of is

(a)1
(b)1/2
(c) 0

(d)
Ans.(a)

(2)What is the minimum value of

(a) 0
(b)3/4
(c) 2
(d) 1/4
Ans. (b)

(3)Find the maximum value of

(a)
(b) 1

(c)

(d)

Ans. (d) The maximum value of

The maximum value of

(4)Find the minimum value of

(a) 81
(b)41
(c)82
(d)90
Ans. (a)
minimum value of

(5) is maximum when is:

(a)150
(b)300
(c)450
(d) 600
Ans. (a)

The maximum value occurs when

(6)What is the maximum value of

(a)1/2
(b)1/4
(c) 1
(d) None of these
Ans. (b)
(7) The greatest value of is
(a)35
(b)34
(c)3
(d)33
Ans.(a)

For maximum value

maximum and maximum value is