EAPP CLASS

11 ABM A - L

Ms. Ivy Joyce D. Garcia

Avoiding Plagiarism

Copyright © 2012 Kimberly Cauble

All rights reserved by author.
Permission to copy for classroom use only.
Electronic distribution limited to classroom use only.
Objectives:

• Identify plagiarism and its types;

• Acquire the techniques in
avoiding plagiarism; and
• Apply the techniques in avoiding
plagiarism.
 What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism, based on the Latin word
“plagiarius” which means “kidnapping,” is
stealing someone else’s ideas or writing.

• It is the unethical and illegal activity of

showing another person’s piece of work as
your own.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffunkyadjunct.com%2F2017%2F05%2F05%2Fthe-copy-and-paste-canon-
a-brief-examination-of-plagiarism-2%2F&psig=AOvVaw2ZRQSapzYUxza5kAns0k-
Z&ust=1633354880637000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwi48fGcr67zAhVCDt4KHeuECwMQjRx6BAgAEAk
 What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism
As you progress through school, the
consequences for plagiarizing become more
severe.
• Middle school: forced to redo the assignment,
given a bad grade and/or put in in-school
detention to redo the work.
• High school: given a bad grade, or suspended
• College: You may be kicked out.
 Law of Plagiarism in the
Philippines
• According to steemit.com, “In the
Philippines, plagiarism is the same as copyright and
could be consider under the cybercrime law of the
Republic Act 10175, and according to the Department
of Justice, plagiarism is not a crime buts it is the same
in copyright violation.”

• Plagiarism has a consequences or penalties for about

six years of imprisonment, and a fine of fifty thousand
to one hundred fifty thousands pesos or equivalent to
one two hundred dollars to three thousands six
hundred dollars.
 Different types of Plagiarism
• Global Plagiarism- presenting an entire text by someone else as
your own work.
Ex. If you get someone else to write an essay or assignment for you, or
if you find online and submit it as your own work.
• Paraphrasing plagiarism- Rephrasing someone else’s ideas without
citation.
Ex. When you read a source and then rewrite it as if they were your
own ideas.
• Verbatim Plagiarism- Directly copying a passage of text without
citation.
Ex. When you directly copy a text from a source and paste it on your
document without attribution.

-Streefkerk, R. (2021)
 Different types of Plagiarism
• Mosaic Plagiarism- Combining text and ideas from different sources
without citation.
Ex. When you copy phrases, passages and ideas from different sources
and putting them all together to create a new text.
• Self-plagiarism- Reusing passages and ideas from your own
previously submitted work.
Ex. When you reuse the work that you have already submitted before.
• Incorrect citation- Failing to give all necessary information in your
source citation.
Ex. If you have written a citation but the information is wrong.

- Streefkerk, R. (2021)
 Other types of Plagiarism
• Music Plagiarism is the use of copyrighted music or lyrics
without the consent of the legal copyright holder. In
practice, the copyrights to many popular songs are owned
by the recording companies, not by the artists themselves.
InfoBloom, (2003-2021)
• Cyber Plagiarism is “copying or downloading in part, or in
their entirety, articles, or research papers found on the
internet or copying ideas found on the web and not giving
proper attribution” according to the University of Alberta
Libraries terminology page.
• Image Plagiarism is copying an image from a book or the
internet without citing the original source or gaining
permission of the author when necessary. UK Libraries,
2021.
 Avoiding Plagiarism
There are several tricks you can use to avoid
plagiarizing:

• Paraphrase the information! Put it into your own

words. That doesn’t mean changing one or two
words; that means changing almost all of the
words AND the sentence structure.
• Give the author credit. Quote their words
directly, using quotation marks, or reword what
they said, but ALWAYS give them credit! This is
called “citing your source.”
 Also…
**Wikipedia is NOT a good source of reliable
information. Anyone can add information to
Wikipedia, and sometimes, the information is
wrong! Some of the information on Wikipedia
may in fact already be plagiarized from
somewhere else! It’s a good place to look for
links, but never use it as a source in your own
work.
PARAPHRASING
 Is This Paraphrased Correctly?
Original Work:
“Just before 8 on the morning of
December 7, 1941, hundreds of
Japanese fighter planes attacked
the American naval base at Pearl
Harbor near Honolulu, Hawaii. The
barrage lasted just two hours, but
it was devastating: The Japanese
managed to destroy nearly 20
American naval vessels, including
eight enormous battleships, and
almost 200 airplanes. More than
2,000 Americans soldiers and
sailors died in the attack, and
another 1,000 were wounded.”
(from
www.history.com/topics/pearl-
harbor)
On December 7, 1941, hundreds of
Japanese bombers attacked the
American naval base at Pearl Harbor.
The bombing lasted about 2 hours.
The Japanese managed to destroy 20
ships, including eight battleships,
and 200 airplanes. More than 2,000
Americans died in the attack, and
over 1,000 were hurt.
NO!
Even though the student deleted a
few words and changed around a few
others, there is a lot of wording and
structure that is left exactly the same.
 Is This Paraphrased Correctly?
Original Work:
“Just before 8 on the morning of
December 7, 1941, hundreds of
Japanese fighter planes attacked
the American naval base at Pearl
Harbor near Honolulu, Hawaii. The
barrage lasted just two hours, but
it was devastating: The Japanese
managed to destroy nearly 20
American naval vessels, including
eight enormous battleships, and
almost 200 airplanes. More than
2,000 Americans soldiers and
sailors died in the attack, and
another 1,000 were wounded.”
(from
www.history.com/topics/pearl-
harbor)
On December 7, 1941, hundreds of
Japanese bombers attacked the
American naval base at Pearl Harbor.
The bombing lasted about 2 hours.
The Japanese managed to destroy 20
ships, including eight battleships,
and 200 airplanes. More than 2,000
Americans died in the attack, and
over 1,000 were hurt.
NO!
Even though the student deleted a
few words and changed around a few
others, there is a lot of wording and
structure that is left exactly the same.
 Is This Paraphrased Correctly?
Original Work:
“April 14, 1865 - The Stars and
Stripes is ceremoniously raised over
Fort Sumter. That night, Lincoln and
his wife Mary see the play "Our
American Cousin" at Ford's Theater.
At 10:13 p.m., during the third act
of the play, John Wilkes Booth
shoots the president in the head.
Doctors attend to the president in
the theater then move him to a
house across the street. He never
regains consciousness.”
(from www.historyplace.com/civilwar/)
April 14, 1865: Lincoln and his wife
attended the play “Our American
Cousin” at Ford’s Theater. During
the third act, John Wilkes Booth shot
the president in the head. Doctors
tried to help him and moved him
across the street, but Lincoln died.
NO!
Again, even though the student
deleted a few words and changed
around a few others, even changing
some of the verb tenses, there is still
a lot of wording and structure that is
left exactly the same.
 Is This Paraphrased Correctly?
Original Work:
“April 14, 1865 - The Stars and
Stripes is ceremoniously raised over
Fort Sumter. That night, Lincoln and
his wife Mary see the play "Our
American Cousin" at Ford's Theater.
At 10:13 p.m., during the third act
of the play, John Wilkes Booth
shoots the president in the head.
Doctors attend to the president in
the theater then move him to a
house across the street. He never
regains consciousness.”
(from www.historyplace.com/civilwar/)
April 14, 1865: Lincoln and his wife
attended the play “Our American
Cousin” at Ford’s Theater. During
the third act, John Wilkes Booth shot
the president in the head. Doctors
tried to help him and moved him
across the street, but Lincoln died.
NO!
Again, even though the student
deleted a few words and changed
around a few others, even changing
some of the verb tenses, there is still
a lot of wording and structure that is
left exactly the same.
 Is This Paraphrased Correctly?
Original Work:
“Just before 8 on the morning of
December 7, 1941, hundreds of
Japanese fighter planes attacked
the American naval base at Pearl
Harbor near Honolulu, Hawaii. The
barrage lasted just two hours, but it
was devastating: The Japanese
managed to destroy nearly 20
American naval vessels, including
eight enormous battleships, and
almost 200 airplanes. More than
2,000 Americans soldiers and sailors
died in the attack, and another
1,000 were wounded.”
(from www.history.com/topics/pearl-
harbor)
Pearl Harbor, an American navy
base in Honolulu, was attacked by
the Japanese on December 7, 1941.
The attack caused the massive
destruction of many ships and
planes, as well as over 2000 deaths
and 1000 injuries.
YES!
The wording has been changed and
the structure of the writing is
different. This is a good paraphrase of
the original information.
 Is This Paraphrased Correctly?
Original Work:
On April 14, 1865, Abraham
“April 14, 1865 - The Stars and
Stripes is ceremoniously raised over Lincoln was assassinated at Ford’s
Fort Sumter. That night, Lincoln and Theater by John Wilkes Booth.
his wife Mary see the play "Our
American Cousin" at Ford's Theater.
At 10:13 p.m., during the third act
of the play, John Wilkes Booth YES!
shoots the president in the head. The wording has been changed and
Doctors attend to the president in
the theater then move him to a the structure of the writing is
house across the street. He never different. This is a good paraphrase of
regains consciousness.” the original information.
(from www.historyplace.com/civilwar/)
 Paraphrasing
The best thing to do when paraphrasing is to
read the entire selection and then look AWAY
from the work and try to put the information
into your own words. Don’t forget,
though…even though you may reword and
restructure the information well enough, you
still have to give the author credit in your
sources/citations for providing you with the
information!
 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES AMONG QUOTING,
PARAPHRASING, AND SUMMARIZING?
• Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow
segment of the source. They must match the source
document word for word and must be attributed to the
original author.
• Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material
into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to
the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter
than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader
segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
• Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own
words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is
necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original
source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original
and take a broad overview of the source material.

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/using_research/quoting_paraphrasing_and_summarizing/index.html
 Avoiding Plagiarism
There are several tricks you can use to avoid
plagiarizing:

• Paraphrase the information! Put it into your own

words. That doesn’t mean changing one or two
words; that means changing almost all of the
words AND the sentence structure.
• Give the author credit. Quote their words
directly, using quotation marks, or reword what
they said, but ALWAYS give them credit! This is
called “citing your source.”
Giving the Author Credit
 Citation styles
• Citation styles vary to suit the type of
academic writing, and they differ in terms of
how the information to be referenced is
arranged within the paragraph and in the
reference list; this is to distinguish the format
from those used for other academic
disciplines.
 Different Citation Styles (In-text)

• Author - oriented citation

• Text - oriented citation
• Other ways of citation
Different Citation Styles
Author- oriented citation
• In doing an author-oriented citation, start by writing
the surname of the author and year of publication
enclosed in parentheses. Verbs of statement may be
used such as states, argues, posits, emphasizes at the
start of the sentence or paragraph.
Example:
• Pulido (2012) believes that language in an online
environment can be understood if the other modes of
online communication are further analyzed to provide
a full account of interaction in virtual worlds.
Different Citation Styles
Text-oriented citation
• In doing a text-oriented citation, write the paragraph or
sentence taken from a source followed with the
surname of the author and the year of publication
separated by a comma. The citation must be enclosed
in parentheses and followed by a period.
Example:
• Unless educators realize the importance of reading and
writing across the subject areas, problems in
comprehension of subject matter will be a prominent
issue in the teaching learning process (Cruz, 2015).
Different Citation Styles
Other ways of citation
You may also cite the author this way:
• Start the sentence or paragraph by using the phrase
“According to…” followed by the surname of the
author and the year of publication enclosed in
parentheses.

Ex. According to Mendoza (1990), by the end of the

century, our fuel reserves will be reduced to half, and
scarcity of energy supplies will be a big problem.
Citation Styles: Reference List
 Citation styles and their suited
academic disciplines
Citation Style Academic discipline
APA – American Psychological Psychology, Education, Hotel and
Association Restaurant Management, Business,
Economics, and other Social Sciences
MLA – Modern Language Literature, Arts, and Humanities
Association
IEEE - The Institute of Electrical Engineering
and Electronics Engineers
AMA - American Medical Medicine, Health, and Natural
Association Sciences
CHICAGO - Reference books, non-academic,
periodicals (e.g. newspapers,
magazines, journals)
Common used citation (References):
1. American Psychological Association (APA)
Information needed:
• Author’s name
• Title of the material
• Publication details (date, publishing company, and place)
Ex.
Ibn Abdulaziz, T. (2004). Classic experiments in psychology. Westport, CT:
Greenwood
 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of publication). Title of book. Location of
publication: Publisher.

• For journals, publication details include volume (issue), page numbers, and
URL (for online journal). The same formula of who (author), when (date),
what (tile of work), and where (publication details) applies to other works
including artworks, movies, TV/radio programs, documentary, and seminars.
Compiling a Reference List Using APA
Style
 Always start
the list of
references
on a new
page, with
the word
References
centered at
the top of
the page to
indicate the
sources you
used.
 Formatting guidelines (APA):
Listing Arrange the list alphabetically by the author’s surname,
followed by his/her initials.
One author, several For several works written by the same author, arrange
works the year of publication starting with the most recent.
Several authors, one If a publication has more than seven authors, list the first
publication six authors followed by an ellipsis (…), then the last
author name without using the customary ampersand
(&).
Spacing Double space all entries.
Capitalization Capitalize proper names and the first word in each title,
and the first word after a colon or dash.
Indentation Using hanging indent-flush left margin for the first line,
then indent the second and succeeding lines five spaces
from the left.
 In-text Citation APA Style
• Format: author, year, page number sequence (p.
or pp. – single or multiple pages)

Ex.
Marquez (2016, p. 35) cites the advantage of
e-books over traditional books.

Marquez (2016) cites the advantage of e-books,

claiming that “portability and manipulability
are key features of e-books” (p.35).
Additional Info:
• In APA Style in-text citations, when a source has
two authors, list both. When there are three or
more authors, cite the first author followed by
“et al.”
• The abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”)
is used to shorten in-text citations with three or
more authors. Here's how it works: Only include
the first author's last name, followed by “et al.”, a
comma and the year of publication, for example
(Taylor et al., 2018) or ( According to Taylor et.al.
(2018) )
Different Citation Styles
2. Chicago
Ex. Frank, H. 2021. “Wolves, dogs, Rearing and Reinforcement: Complex
Interactions Underlying Species Differences in Training and problem-Solving
performance.” Behavior Genetics, 41(6), 830-839.

3. Modern Language Association (MLA)

– AuthorLastName, AuthorFirstname. Title. Publisher, Year.
– Who, what, where, when
Ex.
References:
McCorker, Frank. Storymaking and Mythtelling: Comic Literary and Film
Images. Oxbridge, 1992.
In-Text:
Only 15 percent of the respondents prefer traditional books (Marquez 13).
 The following are some example entries for
books, periodicals, and online sources.
Books
• General Format
Author’s surname, Initials (year of publication). Title of work (set in italic).
Place of Publication: Publisher
Single authored books
Martinez A. (2008). Creating memories. Quezon City: Maxwell Publishers
• Books with two authors
Pulido, D. & Mirador, J. (1998). Academic writing for college students.
Tokyo: Lindell Inc.
• Books with an editor
Mata, E. (Ed) (2015). Workplace Ethics: An introduction. Kuala Lumpur:
UPM Press.
• Books with no author
Cycling primer for beginners. (1989). Ohio: West and West Publishing
 The following are some example entries for
books, periodicals, and online sources.
Periodicals (Journals, Newspapers, and Magazine)
• General Format
Surname of author/s, Initials (year of publication. Title of the article.
Title of the periodical, volume (issue numbers), page numbers
• Journal articles
Valdez, G. (2010). Philippines perspectives on environmental politics.
Journal of New World Politics. 8(7), 25-32.
• Magazines
Moore, B. (2001, August). Fashion for the new decade. Fashion Manila,
35(2), 77
• Newspapers
Severino, P. (2013, Oct.23). Creating possibilities for Muslim
Mindanao. The Metro Monitor, A17.
 The following are some example entries for
books, periodicals, and online sources.

Online Sources:

Format:
Author, Initials or Institution. (Date of retrieval). Title of
work. Retrieved from website

Green works. (May 4, 2014). Methods of extraction of

minerals. Retrieved from
www.greenworks/method.html
Examine this texts
 Is This Cited Correctly?
Original Work:
“The Earth's oceans are all
connected to one another. Until
the year 2000, there were four
recognized oceans: the Pacific,
Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic. In
the Spring of 2000, the
International Hydrographic
Organization delimited a new
ocean, the Southern Ocean (it
surrounds Antarctica and
extends to 60 degrees
latitude).”
(from
www.enchantedlearning.com/su
bjects/ocean)
There are five oceans, and they are all
connected to one another. Until
2000, there were only four. In the
Spring of 2000, the International
Hydrographic Organization named
a new ocean, the Southern Ocean.
NO!
The exact words of the source are
used without quotation marks, and
the student never says where the
information came from.
 Is This Cited Correctly?
Original Work:
“The Earth's oceans are all
connected to one another. Until
the year 2000, there were four
recognized oceans: the Pacific,
Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic. In
the Spring of 2000, the
International Hydrographic
Organization delimited a new
ocean, the Southern Ocean (it
surrounds Antarctica and
extends to 60 degrees
latitude).”
(from
www.enchantedlearning.com/su
bjects/ocean)
There are five oceans, and they are all
connected to one another. Until
2000, there were only four. In the
Spring of 2000, the International
Hydrographic Organization named
a new ocean, the Southern Ocean.
NO!
The exact words of the source are
used without quotation marks, and
the student never says where the
information came from.
 Is This Cited Correctly?
Original Work:
I learned from pbskids.org that on
“September 23, 1957 was no
September 23, 1957, nine African
ordinary school day for Elizabeth American teenagers in Little Rock,
Eckford and eight other African Arkansas, were the first black
American teenagers in Little Rock,
Arkansas. Little Rock Central High students to attend Central High
School, like many schools across the School. They became known as The
country, was segregated. Only white Little Rock Nine.
students were allowed to attend. But
the Supreme Court had ruled that (Student also listed entire website in
segregation, or the legal separation
of blacks and whites in public sources section of work.)
facilities, was illegal. And these nine
students, who would be known as
The Little Rock Nine, would be the YES!
first African Americans to attend
Little Rock's Central High.” The student said in the introduction of
their statement where their
(from information came from, even though
www.pbskids.org/wayback/civilrights it was not quoted directly.
/features_school.html)
 Is This Cited Correctly?
Original Work:
“Gary Schmidt is a professor of
English at Calvin College in Grand
Rapids, Michigan. He received
both a Newbery Honor and a
Printz Honor for Lizzie Bright and
the Buckminster Boy and a
Newbery Honor for The
Wednesday Wars. He lives with
his family on a 150-year-old farm
in Alto, Michigan, where he splits
wood, plants gardens, writes, and
feeds the wild cats that drop by.”
(from
www.hmhbooks.com/schmidt/)
Gary Schmidt is an award-winning
author and professor. When he’s not
writing, “he splits wood, plants,
gardens, writes, and feeds the wild
cats that drop by.” (from “About the
Author,” on
www.hmhbooks.com/schmidt)
(Student also listed website in sources
section of work.)
YES!
The part that is directly quoted is in
quotation marks, and the section of
the website quoted is listed right after
the quote.
 How to avoid Plagiarism
• Keep track of the sources you consult in your research.
Take note of the sources, authors or creators that you used for your work.
• Paraphrase or quote from your sources.
Enclose the direct quotes in quotation marks and correctly attribute the
original author. Make sure that when you paraphrase, your work is not nearly
similar to the original text.
• Credit the original author in an-text citation and the reference list.
Use the different citation styles in writing the names of your sources. Make
sure to write in correct format.
• Use a plagiarism checker before you submit.
There are several plagiarism checkers online to choose from. This is a great
way to review your work and avoid unintentional plagiarism.
• Write based on your own understanding.
If you are going to create anything based on your own ideas and knowledge,
you are most likely to avoid plagiarism.
 Generalization…
• How do you think the recent generation is
affected by the instant information that can be
taken online?
• What is your personal opinion about
plagiarism?
• Have you personally done/experienced
plagiarism? If your answer is NO, how can you
avoid it? I f your answer is YES, what did you
do about it?
 Resources Used in this Presentation:
• tilt.library.skagit.edu/module4/plagiarism.htm
(Plagiarism image on Slide #1)
• sociology.camden.rutgers.edu/jfm/plagiarism/plagiaris
m-jfm.htm (Cut & Paste graphic on Slide #3)
• Microsoft Clip Art
• www.history.com/topics/pearl-harbor
• www.historyplace.com/civilwar/
• www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ocean
• www.pbskids.org/wayback/civilrights/features_school.
html
• www.hmhbooks.com/schmidt/

Notice how I cited my sources on this PowerPoint! 

 Source of this PPT!
• https://www.sampson.k12.nc.us/site/handlers
/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=4451&
dataid=5454&FileName=Avoiding%20Plagiaris
m.pptx

PowerPoint created by
Kimberly Cauble
Added & edited by Ivy Joyce Garcia