Blood Vessels

1. Maria was told that her baby was born with a hole in the upper chambers
of his heart. Is this something Maria should worry about?

A: An atrial septal defect is a birth defect of the heart in which there is a

hole in the wall (septum) that divides the upper chambers (atria) of the
heart. A hole can vary in size and may close on its own or may require
surgery. An atrial septal defect is one type of congenital heart defect.
Maria should be worry about that her baby may feel; shortness of breath,
fatigue, swelling of legs, feet or abdomen, heart palpitations, stroke, heart
murmur and can also be life threatening. The ASD will close by itself when
the baby is growing, for the first 18 months of life. But if the ASD is large it
will not close and may need a procedure, the procedure has important
factors we should consider; include the size of the defect, the amount of
extra blood flowing through the opening, the size of the right side of the
heart, and whether the person has any symptoms.

2. Jose was brought into the emergency room suffering from a gunshot
wound. He is bleeding profusely and exhibits the following : systolic blood
pressure is 40mmHg; weak pulse of 200beats per minute; cool, pale, and
clammy skin. Jose is not producing urine but is asking for water. He is
confused and disoriented. What is his diagnosis and what, specifically, is
causing these symptoms?

A: Hypovolemic shock would be the diagnosis in this situation. The loss of blood
will reduce the amount of oxygen in the body, as a result, blood arteries
constrict in order to redirect blood flow. Because of sympathetic reactions,
the skin is chilly, pallid, and damp, sweating is induced by constriction of the
skin's blood vessels and sympathetic activation, the symptoms of thirst, it is
caused by a depletion of extracellular fluid. The perplexity and cluelessness is
due to a reduction in the brain's oxygen supply, as a result of increased
production of urine production is considerably reduced when ADH and
aldosterone are present. Because of this, the pulse is faint but quick to boost
blood pressure, the heart must contract quicker. This fast contraction is made
possible by sympathomimetic stimulation and epinephrine and norepinephrine
release

Trisha Marie N. Goles BSMT-1