WEEK5 CHAPTER1 MAT485/565

4) Second shifting

If ℒ-1 { F(s) } = f(t), then

ℒ-1 {e-as F(s) } = f(t – a) U(t – a)

Example
4𝑒 −4𝑠
a) ℒ-1 { 𝑠(𝑠+4) }= [1 − 𝑒 −4(𝑡−4) ]𝑈(𝑡 − 4)

𝑒 −𝜋𝑠 (𝑠+3)
b) ℒ-1 { }= [3 − 3 cos(𝑡 − 𝜋) + sin(𝑡 − 𝜋)] 𝑈(𝑡 − 𝜋)
𝑠(𝑠2 +1)

𝑒 −3𝑠 1 1 1
c) ℒ-1 { 𝑠2 (𝑠+4) } = [− 16 + 4 (𝑡 − 3) + 𝑒 −4(𝑡−3) ] 𝑈(𝑡 − 3)
16

6𝑒 −2𝑠
d) ℒ-1 { }= 3 sin 2(t – 2) U (t – 2)
𝑠2 +4

𝑠
−
𝑠𝑒 2
e) ℒ-1 { 𝑠2 +2 }= cos √2 (t – ½) U(t – ½)

8𝑒 −4𝑠
f) ℒ-1 { }= 4 sin 2(t – 4) U(t – 4)
𝑠2 +4

Solution
4𝑒 −4𝑠
a) ℒ-1 { 𝑠(𝑠+4)} = 𝑓(𝑡 − 4)𝑈(𝑡 − 4)
4 𝐴 𝐵
Let f(s) = 𝑠(𝑠+4) = + ⇒ 4 = 𝐴(𝑠 + 4) + 𝐵𝑠
𝑠 𝑠+4
When s = 0 ⇒ 4 = 4A ⇒ A = 1
When s = 1 ⇒ 4 = 5A + B⇒ B = -1
1 1
∴ 𝐹(𝑡) = ℒ −1 {𝑓(𝑠)} = ℒ −1 {𝑠 − 𝑠+4} = 1 − 𝑒 −4𝑡
4𝑒 −4𝑠
ℒ-1 { 𝑠(𝑠+4)} = 𝑓(𝑡 − 4)𝑈(𝑡 − 4) = [1 − 𝑒 −4(𝑡−4) ]𝑈(𝑡 − 4)

Rusyah/Norma Laplace transform

WEEK5 CHAPTER1 MAT485/565

5) Inverse Laplace transform of derivatives

If ℒ-1 { F(s) } = f(t), then
ℒ-1 {F’(s)} = (-1) t f(t)

Or in general
𝑑𝑛
ℒ-1 {𝑑𝑠𝑛 (𝐹(s)} = (-1)n tn ℒ-1 {F(s)} = (-1)n tn f(t)

Example

𝑠 𝑒 𝑡 −1
a) ℒ-1 { ln 𝑠−1 }= 𝑡

1 sin 𝑡
b) ℒ-1 { tan-1 𝑠 }= 𝑡

𝑠2 2
c) ℒ-1 { 𝑙𝑛 𝑠2 +1 }= 𝑡 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 − 1)

𝑠 𝑡
d) ℒ-1 { }= sin 2𝑡
(𝑠2 +4)2 4

Solution
𝑠
a) Let F(s) = ln 𝑠−1 = ln s – ln (s – 1)

1 1
F ’(s) = 𝑠 − 𝑠−1

Take Laplace inverse both sides

1 1
ℒ −1 {𝐹 ′ (𝑠)} = ℒ −1 {𝑠 − } ⇒ (−1)𝑡ℒ −1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = 1 − 𝑒 𝑡
𝑠−1

𝑠 𝑒 𝑡 −1
ℒ −1 {𝐹(𝑠)} = ℒ-1 { ln 𝑠−1 } = 𝑡

Rusyah/Norma Laplace transform

WEEK5 CHAPTER1 MAT485/565

6) Division by S

If ℒ-1 { F(s) } = f(t), then

𝐹(𝑠) 𝑡
ℒ-1 { } = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑠

Example
1 1
a) ℒ-1 {𝑠(𝑠2 +16)}= 16 (1 − cos 4𝑡)

1 1
b) ℒ-1 {𝑠(𝑠−2)} = (𝑒 2𝑡 − 1)
2

1
c) ℒ-1 {𝑠2 (𝑠−1)} = 𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑡 − 1

1 𝑡2
d) ℒ-1 {𝑠3 (𝑠2 −1)} = cosh 𝑡 − −1
2

Solution
1 1 1
a) Let f(s) = (𝑠2 +16) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑡) = ℒ −1 {𝑠2 +16} = sin 4𝑡
4

1 𝐹(𝑠) 𝑡 𝑡1 1 1
ℒ-1 {𝑠(𝑠2 +16)} = ℒ −1 { } = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = ∫0 sin 4𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = [− 4 cos 4𝑢|𝑡0 ]
𝑠 4 4

1
= 16 (1 − cos 4𝑡)

Rusyah/Norma Laplace transform

WEEK5 CHAPTER1 MAT485/565

TRY THIS

Using the properties of inverse Laplace transform, find

1 1 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑡
i) ℒ −1 {(𝑠2 +9)2} (Ans: 6 ( 3
+
9
)
𝑠
ii) ℒ −1 {(𝑠2 +9)3} [hint:use the result from i)]
𝑡 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑡
(Ans: 24 ( 3
+
9
)

Rusyah/Norma Laplace transform